著者
山城 美琴 瀬古 千佳子 小谷 清子 和田 小依里 吉本 優子 東 あかね
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本栄養改善学会
雑誌
栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.3, pp.102-111, 2020-06-01 (Released:2020-07-17)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
1

【目的】学童期からの循環器病予防のために,小学6年生を対象に果物摂取の増加をめざしたクラスター割付比較対照試験を実施し,果物の摂取に関する自記式質問調査(以下,果物調査)と尿中ナトリウム/カリウム(以下,尿中Na/K)比で評価すること。【方法】地域の保健,教育担当者と大学が連携して食育プログラムを企画した。2017年7月に京都府船井郡京丹波町の小学校全5校の6年生104人(介入群:男子21人,女子27人 対照群:男子31人,女子25人)を,食育を行う介入群2校(48人)と対照群3校(56人)に割り付けた。介入群には45分の食育を各校1回実施した。果物調査は,食育前後,尿中Na/K比測定は食育2か月後に実施した。【結果】食育前の介入群と対照群の比較では,男子の行動変容段階の分布以外は有意差を認めなかった。食育後の介入群と対照群の比較では,果物摂取の週4日以上が,男子31.6%,11.8%(p<0.001),女子26.9%,0.0%(p=0.018),行動変容段階の維持期が,男子20.0%,6.3%(p=0.012),女子7.7%,0.0%であった(p=0.031)。尿中Na/K比は男女とも群間差がなかった。【結論】影響評価の果物摂取頻度と行動変容段階は改善したが,成果評価の尿中Na/K比には差を認めなかった。今後,食育内容の充実が望まれる。
著者
西本 友之
出版者
日本応用糖質科学会
雑誌
Journal of applied glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.1, pp.57-64, 2006-01-20
参考文献数
67

Trehalose (&alpha;-Glc<i>p</i>-(1&harr;1)-&alpha;-Glc<i>p</i>) is widely distributed in nature such as microorganisms, insects, plants, and invertebrates. This sugar exists not only as an energy source but also as an important functionality-material that protects the organization from damage by various stresses such as drying, freezing, and osmotic pressure. Therefore, organisms have various trehalose-related enzymes that participate in degradation or synthesis of trehalose to adjust the concentration in response to the environment. In this study, we obtained trehalase, trehalose synthase or trehalose phosphorylase producing bacterium from soil or an already identified bacterium. The trehalose-related enzymes are classified from the catalyst style into three groups named the degradation, the intramolecular transglucosylation, and the intermolecular transglucosylation. Three enzymes we screened were different from other kinds of trehalose-related enzymes. In addition, we clarified some properties of these enzymes, and examined the synthesis of useful oligosaccharides. Trehalase, which hydrolyzes trehalose to glucose, was purified from the <i>Bacillus</i> sp. T3 cultures. Trehalose synthase, which catalyzes the interconversion of maltose and trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation, was purified from cell-free extracts of <i>Pimelobacter</i> sp. R48 and the thermophilic bacterium <i>Thermus aquaticus</i> ATCC33923. Trehalose phosphorylase, which catalyzes the reversible phosphorolytic cleavage of trehalose, was purified from a cell-free extract of thermopholic anaerobe, <i>Thermoanaerobacter brockii</i> ATCC 35047. Trehalose synthase was useful for not only the synthesis of trehalose but also the production of trehalulose (1-<i>O</i>-&alpha;-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-<small>D</small>-fructose) from sucrose. Moreover, a non-reducing disaccharide, &alpha;-galactosyl &alpha;-glucoside, was synthesized for the first time by trehalose phosphorylase using galactose as an acceptor.
著者
三原 岳
出版者
社会政策学会
雑誌
社会政策 (ISSN:18831850)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.2, pp.53-62, 2017-11-10 (Released:2019-11-11)
参考文献数
12

日本の医療保険制度は被用者保険(健康保険組合,協会けんぽ,共済組合),地域保険(市町村国民健康保険,後期高齢者医療制度)に分立しており,被用者保険と市町村国保の間で保険料格差が大きい。これは会社を退職後に被用者保険を脱退した高齢者が市町村国民健康保険に流入しているためである。さらに,市町村国保は被用者保険から漏れる非正規雇用の受け皿にもなっており,その財政は恒常的な赤字が続いている。 保険料賦課の仕組みで見ると,被用者保険は所得に応じた応能負担だが,地域保険は応能負担のほか,利益に応じた応益負担も組み合わせており,市町村国保では低所得者対策が課題となっている。一方,財政が豊かな健保組合も高齢者医療費に関する財政調整で財政が悪化している。こうした論点を社会保険方式の原則に沿って検討するとともに,地域単位での一元化など制度改革の方向性を検討する。
著者
山田,研治
出版者
日本計量史学会
雑誌
計量史研究
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, 2014-03-25

Introduction of the metric system in modern Japan was performed by Koan OGATA. His converted values from the traditional weights and measures into the metric system were taken over to the gunneries, Syuhan TAKASHIMA and one of his pupils, Motoyoshi NAMURA of the Takashima school. This school determined equivalents of numerical standards: the length "1m=3.28889 shaku (尺)," the measures "1l=5.48789 go (合)," and the weights "1kg=266.8144 sen (銭 or, monme (匁)) " respectively. However, Ryukei SUGITA's group had published "Kaijyohoujyutuzensho" from the astronomical charge of Edo Shogunate (called Tenmonkata) in 14th of Tenpou era (1843), which had translated Calten J.N. "Leiddraad bij het onderrigt in de Zee-artillerij" Delft, 1832, and was circulated setting a weights and measures standards to "1m=3.289248 shaku (尺)" and "1kg=266.8144 sen (銭)" . The former "1m=3.289248 shaku (尺)" was calculated from "1 latitude = 28.2 li (里)" adopted by Tadataka INOU. Takashima school would like to adopt the weights and measures standard of "Kaijyuohoujyutuzensho", after Syuhan TKASHIMA were restrained by Edo Shogunate in 13th of Tenpou era (1842). Shigetake TAKASHIMA who became Syuhan TAKASHIMA 2nd determined standard of the long length which was made "1m=3.289248 shaku (尺)" by INOU and its short length(called Kanejaku) which was made "1 m=3.3024 shaku (尺)", the later was shorter than the long length 0.4%. Short length was used for manufacture of actual commerce and industry products. Furthermore, he determined that weights performed "1kg=266.67 sen (銭)" therefore "1 sen(銭) = 3.75 g", as would be the result of "1l = 5.55 go (合)". Those weights and measures standard by him was taken over to Kinzaburo SHIMOZONE who was the last army magistrate in Edo Shogunate, and became foundation for the standard of modernistic weights and measures, especially length "1m=3.3 shaku (尺)" was so in Japan after Meiji Restoration (1868).
著者
河野 亘
出版者
社団法人 日本補綴歯科学会
雑誌
日本補綴歯科学会雑誌 (ISSN:03895386)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.178-192, 1991-02-01 (Released:2010-08-10)
参考文献数
55

This study was made to investigate the influence of gum texture on the chewing motion. The textures of chewed gum (Green gum, LOTTE Co.), the hardness, the cohesiveness, the gumminess, the stickiness and the adhesiveness, were quantified by a texturometer (Zenken Co.), and also the weight measured for 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 600 sec in 8 normal subjects and 2 patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMD). Using a kinesiograph (Model K 6, Myo-tronics Co.), the jaw movement of mandible was recorded three-dimensionally during 10min. habitual gum chewing. Multiple regression analysis was applied for investigating the effects of the change of gum texture and weight on chewing motion (criterion variables: chewing movement parameters, explanatory variables: texture and weight factors).The results obtained were as follows:1. In normal subjects, the closing and the occluding phases were observed high correlations with the hardness and the cohesiveness. On the other hand, the opening phase and the cycle time were not observed correlations with any texture and weight factors.2. In CMD patients, all parameters of chewing movement were observed high correlations with texture and weight factors.In conclusion, a central pattern generator (CPG), somewhere in the brain stem, is suggested to be responsible for rhythmical jaw movement in normal subjects. In CMD patients, however, jaw movement was easy to be affected by peripheral factors such as gum texture and weight.
著者
桑村 有司 山田 実
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. LQE, レーザ・量子エレクトロニクス
巻号頁・発行日
vol.96, no.98, pp.67-72, 1996-06-18
参考文献数
2

電子緩和現象を考慮してフランツ・ケルディッシュ効果の理論解析を行った.電子緩和を含めるために新たに「微視的な密度行列」を提案して従来の密度行列の手法を改良した.本解析の手法では、無電界時に観測される「テイル」状の光吸収特性やフランツ・ケルディッシュ効果の実験データをうまく説明できた.
著者
細谷 洋子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本女子体育連盟
雑誌
日本女子体育連盟学術研究 (ISSN:18820980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, pp.1-16, 2014 (Released:2014-06-11)
参考文献数
27

アフロ・ブラジル文化カポエイラは,アフリカ系奴隷によってブラジルで創造され,近年ブラジル社会,歴史,文化の象徴としてブラジル国家によって認められた民族スポーツである。本稿はこのようなカポエイラの,幼児を対象にした教授内容を明らかにし,授業構成の観点とその鍵となる概念を考察することを目的とした。その結果,授業パターンにおいて,幼児の心身の発育発達段階を考慮して,多様な動きの体験が優先された。そしてカポエイラの独特の世界観が重視されない「ジョゴ」(カポエイラのゲームを意味する。以下「ジョゴ」と略す)が行われていると考察された。授業構成の観点として「行為の意味を重視する」ことが重要であることが明らかになった。つまり,技の完成度よりもジョゴを行う二人の間で技が行われることで生じる「問いかけと返答」という意味を重視する傾向が考察された。更には,「問いかけと返答」の意味生成において,即興性が基軸となる「ジョゴ」概念が授業構成の観点として重要であり,この「ジョゴ」概念はカポエイラ特有の文化的特性であるという知見が得られた。
著者
Yoshinori Abe Teiji Yamamoto Tomoko Soeda Tomohiro Kumagai Yoshihiro Tanno Jin Kubo Tetsuya Ishihara Soichi Katayama
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.13, pp.1135-1141, 2009 (Released:2009-07-01)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
36 70

Background Unilateral movement disorders and contralateral neuroimaging abnormalities of the striatum have been sporadically reported as a rare syndrome associated with diabetes mellitus. Despite characteristic imaging findings and clinical manifestations, the mechanism underlying this syndrome is still unclear. Methods Six patients with this syndrome were studied clinically and subjected to MRI neuroimaging; one underwent biopsy of the striatum, and another underwent additional MR spectroscopy at 3.0T and FDG-PET. Results Neuroimaging findings were characterized by a T1-hyperintense unilateral lesion restricted to the striatum, contralateral to the symptomatic limbs. The biopsied striatum contained patchy necrotic tissue, severe thickening of all layers of arterioles, and marked narrowing of vessel lumens. Hyaline degeneration of the arteriolar walls, extravasation of erythrocytes, and prominent capillary proliferation were also notable, together with lymphocytic infiltration and macrophage invasion. In one patient, PET examination revealed decreased accumulation of FDG in the lesion. The MR spectrum for the diseased striatum revealed a decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio (1.35), normal Cho/Cr ratio (1.22), and a peak for myoinositol, while the spectrum on the contralateral site revealed a decrease in the NAA/Cr ratio (1.48), increase in Cho/Cr (1.32), but no peak for myoinositol. Conclusion The constellation of signs and symptoms and neuroimaging characteristics in previous reports and the six additional cases described here with neuropathological data and findings of MR spectroscopy appears unique enough to be termed "diabetic striatopathy." This syndrome appears in poorly controlled diabetics due to obliterative vasculopathy with prominent vascular proliferation, vulnerability to which is restricted to the striatum.
出版者
ロシア・東欧学会
雑誌
ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.37, pp.i-xiii, 2008
著者
中野 常男 橋本 武久 清水 泰洋 澤登 千恵 三光寺 由実子
出版者
国士舘大学経営学会
雑誌
国士舘大学経営論叢 = Kokushikan business review (ISSN:21871701)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.1, pp.27-53, 2016-09

Ⅰ はじめにⅡ 考察対象とする海外の学術誌と分析項目Ⅲ 研究領域別の特性Ⅳ 地域別の特性Ⅴ 時代別の特性Ⅵ 執筆者別の特性Ⅶ 結びに代えて補論 Accounting History Reviewの位置づけと今後の検討課題