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2 0 0 0 OA メタアナリシス的全体論

著者: 出口康夫
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.38, no.1, pp.19-37, 2010 (Released:2017-09-10)
参考文献数: 17

Scientific experiments are often in disputes. Their qualities are challenged. Doubts are casted if their results are proper or fake. Under such polemical circumstances, how did scientists reach agreements on the qualities of experiments and their proper outcomes? By appealing to his idea of ‘experimenters' regress’, Harry Collins rejected an accepted answer to this question, and gave his own. This paper proposes a counterexample to his views that is taken from the ‘measurement networking’ for standard values of fundamental physical constants. Examinations of a sort of meta-analysis; i.e. statistical technique that is conventionally used in the networking, reveal that, in contrast to Collins' answer, the agreements at issues can be attained only in a holistic way and simultaneously within the network.

2 0 0 0 OA D・ルイスの慣習理論において高階の予測が果たす役割

著者: 筒井晴香
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.37, no.2, pp.59-66, 2010-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)
参考文献数: 17

David Lewis's theory of convention is one of the most influential studies on convention. In this article, I will investigate the role of higher-order expectations (HOEs) in this theory. Each agent's HOEs of other agents' expectations and behaviors are a distinctive feature of Lewis's theory. Using Margaret Gilbert's argument, however, it can be shown that HOEs are not necessary for the emergence or continuation of convention. I will show that HOEs are indispensable for characterizing conventional actions as rational ones, referring to the idea of interpretationism in the philosophy of mind.

2 0 0 0 OA 強制公理とΩ-論理

著者: 依岡輝幸
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.36, no.2, pp.45-52, 2009-03-31 (Released:2017-08-15)
参考文献数: 48

It is well known that the Continuum Hypothesis is independent from the axioms of set theory by the results of Kurt Godel and Paul Cohen. However, there are some set theorists who do not consider that this independency of the hypothesis is the ultimate answer of the continuum problem and who think the validity of the hypothesis should be determined. Recently, several ideas have been proposed to decide the hypothesis. In this paper, we introduce two ideas to determine the truth of the Continuum Hypothesis, which are related to the concept of forcing absoluteness. One is the concepet of forcing axioms, and the other is Ω-logic.

2 0 0 0 OA 工学的知識の独自性はどこにあるのか

著者: 伊勢田哲治
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.35, no.2, pp.65-76, 2008-03-30 (Released:2010-02-03)
参考文献数: 22

This paper discusses in what sense engineering knowledge is peculiar, in comparison with science. First, I trace the development of “epistemology of engineering knowledge” and introduce Walter Vincenti's analysis of normal design knowledge as one of the representative works in the literature. I propose four peculiarity theses of engineering knowledge as possible interpretations of his position. However, there are problems with these theses. First, scientific knowledge seems to have similar features as the ones Vincenti regards as peculiar to engineering knowledge. Second, in the context of the debate on the peculiarity of the engineering knowledge, Vincenti's approach seems to miss the point. We need a broader notion of peculiarity of engineering knowledge.

2 0 0 0 OA 外延的真理様相の論理としての部分論理

著者: 加地大介
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.2, pp.61-70, 2007-03-25 (Released:2009-07-31)
参考文献数: 20
被引用文献数: 1

In [Kachi 2002a] I made comparison between several definitions of validity in Simple Partial Logic (SPL) and adopted two of them as most appropriate. In this paper, after elaborating more on these two definitions than in my previous paper and considering the characteristics of Partial Semantics, in which these definitions are given, I construct a tableau proof theory and prove its soundness and completeness. Then, based on the characterization of Partial Semantics, I will show that we can regard SPL as a logic of extensional alethic modality.

2 0 0 0 OA 懐疑論のパラドクスを文脈主義によって解決する方法

著者: 山田圭一
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.1, pp.11-20, 2007-03-25 (Released:2010-02-03)
参考文献数: 19

Epistemological contextualism holds that the truth-conditions of knowledge-attributing sentences depend on the contexts in which they are uttered. While Contextualists have presented solutions of the skeptical paradox with reference to this dependence, they are confronted with various criticisms. In this paper, I examine DeRose's solution of skepticism, and then elucidate why it fails to do justice to the persuasiveness of skeptical argument. Finally, as an alternative resolution of radical skepticism, I suggest the position of “radical contextualism” that claims not only standards of knowledge but of epistemic distinction (justification) depend on the context, and illustrate the justification model of radical contextualism in contrast with that of radical skepticism.

2 0 0 0 OA 非反射的様相をもつ二様相論理

著者: 佐野勝彦中山康雄
出版者: 科学基礎論学会
雑誌: 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.1, pp.1-10, 2007-03-25 (Released:2009-07-31)
参考文献数: 12
被引用文献数: 1 1

This paper proposes a bimodal logic with an additional modality (called the irreflexive modality), which corresponds semantically to the intersection of the accessibility relation and the inequality. First, we show that we can define, within this framework, several properties that are undefinable in the unimodal language; irreflexivity is one of such properties. Second, with respect to the frame expressivity, we compare our language with the unimodal language and another bimodal language with the difference operator that is studied by de Rijke. Finally, we give a Hilbert-style axiomatization of our logic and prove that certain familiar modal systems, such as S4 and S5, enjoy Kripke completeness in our language.