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本稿では、ジョン・ロールズの博士論文「倫理的知識の基盤の研究」(一九五〇)を考察し、若きロールズが『正義論』(1971/99 rev.ed.)の著者へと成長していく軌跡を辿る。そこで私は、ロールズの博士論文と、この博論の「ダイジェスト」とされる彼の翌一九五一年の処女論文「倫理学における決定手続きの概要」との間の共通点と相違点に焦点を当てる。まず、第一の共通点として、両論文は法学や科学哲学における「議論の理論」を参考に、当時の倫理学における懐疑的風潮への反論として理性的な倫理学的探求の可能性を擁護することを主題としている。また第二の共通点として、両論文のうちにはすでにのちに「反省的均衡」と呼ばれる反基礎づけ主義的な方法論が確立され展開されている。しかもそこでは、『正義論』にみられる功利主義と(多元的)直観主義に代わる新たな規範倫理学理論を立てることへの意欲も見られる。一方、両論文の間の相違は三つある。第一の相違点は、ロールズが実際に自らの提示する理性的な倫理学的探求の実例を素描してみせる際に解明と正当化の題材とする道徳判断の種類である。博士論文のロールズは「(i)よい性格に関する道徳判断」の解明を図るが、「概要」論文の彼は「(ii)正しい・正義にかなう行為に関する道徳判断」の解明を試みている。これに伴い、第二の相違点として、それぞれの論文でロールズが提示する道徳判断の解明原理(道徳原理)も異なっている。第三の相違点として、博士論文では、「概要」論文には登場しない「形式的正当化」と「実質的正当化」という二種類の正当化方法が登場する。この相違点にもとづき、私は、博士論文のロールズは早くも彼の倫理学方法論を確立する一方、その実例の提示である規範倫理学理論においてはいまだ発展途上であり、以降、彼はより包括的な規範倫理学理論の確立をめざし、彼なりの「反照的均衡」のプロセスを幾度も重ねて「概要」『正義論』へと歩みを進めていったと主張する。

2015-11-19 07:15:15
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http://hdl.handle.net/2115/47885

2 0 0 0 OA 「むなしさ」に関する研究の概観と展望

著者: 大上真礼
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.53, pp.151-156, 2014-03-28

“ Munashisa(emptiness) ” is a common feeling in many people. Yet there are only few studies in Japan. Both articles from overseas and those in Japan can be divided into two groups. Overseas ’ research shows 1) relation of Borderline Personality Disorder characteristics and emptiness, 2) emptiness experienced after a life event. In our country, researches are about 1) “munashisa” as a factor of Eating Disorder, and 2) developmental and systemic point of view. The focus on further research should be 1) psychopathological investigation, 2) the process and a variety of “ munashisa ” depending on developmental stage, and 3) study of positive meaning in “munashisa”.

http://hdl.handle.net/2261/56983

2 0 0 0 OA 私費留学生の進学意識と進路決定 : 日本語学校在籍者へのインタビュー調査から

著者: 張梅
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.52, pp.169-181, 2013-03-10

The aim of this study is to clarify the motivation and decision-making process of foreign students who have come to Japan to prepare to take university entrance exams, based on interviews with Chinese students attending Japanese language schools. / The research indicates that such students can be divided into four types; 1) those who have come to Japan without taking the national higher education entrance examination in China, 2) those who have taken the national higher education entrance examination in China, and then come to Japan, 3) those who have graduated from a two- or three-year college (Dai-sen) in China, and then come to Japan, and 4) those who have completed university education in China and then come to Japan. Each type has a different motivation for wanting to enter a Japanese university, and went through a different process in deciding which universities to apply to.

http://hdl.handle.net/2261/55277

2 0 0 0 OA 後期中等教育のセーフティネットにおける不平等 : 高等専修学校に着目して

著者: 伊藤秀樹
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.52, pp.117-126, 2013-03-10

The purpose of this research is to reexamine the mechanisms of generational reproduction of inequality occurring on the safety net in the upper secondary education, by looking at koto sensyu gakko. In Japan's upper secondary education, many students who have underprivileged family background were accepted by “non-mainstream schools”. But these schools may contribute the problem of generational reproduction of inequality which school education have confronted for a long time. / Out of the interviews with five koto sensyu gakko's teachers, following two findings are found. Firstly, almost all the students succeed in entering post-secondary education or in being employed full-time. These five schools are cases overcoming the restriction of students'careers by the tracking systems. But secondly, there are new mechanisms of generational reproduction of inequality relate to students'career choice. It is different by the family background both whether children can enter the nonmainstream school that suits his or her needs and whether students can enter post-secondary education, which is easily to entry into the steady occupational life.

http://hdl.handle.net/2261/55272

2 0 0 0 OA 日本の教育社会学の方法・教育・アイデンティティ : 制度的分析の試み

著者: 本田由紀齋藤崇德堤孝晃加藤真
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.52, pp.87-116, 2013-03-10

The sociologists of education in Japan have continuously engaged in self-reflections on the definition and the character of the field through some conflicting points of view. By conceptualizing Kyosya size indexes to clarify the structure of the institutional basis, this article offers an institutional analysis of the state and history of the discipline in 1) the methodology of the papers, 2) the content of education in universities, and 3) the identity of the researchers. The analyses in this article demonstrate the distortion and the dispersion of the institutional basis of the sociology of education in Japan, which obstruct the self-definition of the field.

http://hdl.handle.net/2261/55271

2 0 0 0 OA キャリア教育政策における省庁間の関係 : 組織論の観点を用いて

著者: 村上純一
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.52, pp.511-520, 2013-03-10

It is not too much to say that ‘career education’ is implemented at almost all of the schools in Japan today. ‘Career education’ is implemented so as to connect between school education and working life smoothly, and it spreads about these ten years at a surprising speed. / Looking at a policy making process of career education, it is seen that several ministries relate to the process. However, this is a very noticeable phenomenon, since the administrative structure in Japan is characterized as ‘top-down’ sectionalism. This paper reveals the ministerial connections in the process of policy making of ‘career education’, thinking from a view point of organization theory.

http://hdl.handle.net/2261/55305

2 0 0 0 OA アメリカの大学の基本財産と奨学金 : プリンストン大学のNo-Loan Policyに着目して

著者: 長野公則
出版者: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌: 東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.52, pp.327-336, 2013-03-10

There was a steady rise in American college and university endowments during the five year from 2002 to 2007. The cost of attendance for undergraduate students increased substantially in many colleges and universities during this period. High tuition and high student loans became common in many colleges and universities. / This study focuses on the No-loan policy at Princeton University. This study compares the policies of the three universities - Princeton, Yale, and Harvard - through an analysis of endowment per student and student aid. Endowment played a key role in the development of a stronger student aid policy in these universities from 2002 to 2007.