著者

岡崎 弘樹

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.69-98, 2021-08-15 (Released:2022-09-30)

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The purpose of this paper is to examine historically and sociologically the depiction of “Palestine” in contemporary Syrian literature through two important works. Saadallah Wannous, a prominent Syrian dramatist, in his drama Al-Ightisab (1989), focused on two worlds, the Palestinian and the Israeli. In the epilogue of this drama, Wannous emphasized that the Arab regimes were nothing but a replica of the “Zionist entity”, relying upon occupation and oppression. On the other hand, ‘Ali al-Kurdi, a Palestinian who was born and grew up in Syria, published his novel Shamaaya Castle (2010), a work of fiction inspired by his memories of his childhood in the former Jewish quarter of Damascus during the 1950s and 1960s. As an “intermediate supporter” of the Palestinian cause, Wannous tried to demonstrate the various “actualities” of the Palestinian issue for Syrian and Arab audiences. By contrast, in Al-Kurdi’s novel, the author, despite being a veritable “victim” of the Nakba, focused on the diverse dimensions of the “realities” faced by Syrian Palestinians, describing their misery, embarrassment, stigmas, human friendships and tolerance across diverse religious communities. It is obvious that writing this kind of novel is a creative act for building resilience out of past traumatic experiences in Palestine as well as for reevaluating the history of coexistence in Syria.

著者

岡 真理 宮下 遼 山本 薫 石川 清子 藤元 優子 福田 義昭 鵜戸 聡 田浪 亜央江 中村 菜穂 前田 君江 鈴木 珠里 石井 啓一郎 徳原 靖浩 細田 和江 磯部 加代子 岡崎 弘樹 鈴木 克己 栗原 俊秀 竹田 敏之

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2015-04-01

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アラビア語、ペルシア語、トルコ語、ヘブライ語など中東の諸言語で、中東地域で生産される作品のみならず、中東に歴史的出自を持つ者によって、欧米など地理的中東世界を超えた地域で、英語、仏語、独語、伊語などの西洋の諸言語で生み出される作品をも対象に、文学や映画などさまざまなテクストに現れた「ワタン(祖国)」表象の超域的な分析を通して、「ワタン」を軸に、近現代中東世界の社会的・歴史的ありようとそのダイナミズムの一端と、国民国家や言語文化の境界を越えた共通性および各国・各地域の固有性を明らかにすると同時に、近現代中東の人々の経験を、人間にとって祖国とは何かという普遍的問いに対する一つの応答として提示した。

著者

岡 真理 宮下 遼 新城 郁夫 山本 薫 藤井 光 石川 清子 岡崎 弘樹 藤元 優子 福田 義昭 久野 量一 鵜戸 聡 田浪 亜央江 細田 和江 鵜飼 哲 細見 和之 阿部 賢一 呉 世宗 鈴木 克己

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2020-04-01

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難民や移民など人間の生の経験が地球規模で国境横断的に生起する今日、人間は「祖国」なるものと様々に、痛みに満ちた関係を切り結んでいる。ネイションを所与と見なし、その同一性に収まらぬ者たちを排除する「対テロ戦争パラダイム」が世界を席巻するなか、本研究は、中東を中心に世界の諸地域を専門とする人文学研究者が協働し、文学をはじめとする文化表象における多様な「祖国」表象を通して、人文学的視点から、現代世界において人間が「祖国」をいかなるものとして生き、ネイションや地域を超えて、人間の経験をグローバルに貫く普遍的な課題とは何かを明らかにし、新たな解放の思想を創出するための基盤づくりを目指す。

著者

岡崎 弘樹

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.67-95, 2013-07-15 (Released:2018-03-30)

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The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of “Just despot”, which was mentioned in 1899 by an Egyptian thinker Muhammad ‘Abduh. Although he was said to be an Islamic idealist, he was deeply aware of the harsh realities of the Egyptian society. Therefore, he emphasized the importance of a national leadership, whereas he understood the people who have internalized the oppression under the hierarchical system of despotism. In fact, his ideas were, to a great extent, influenced by the preceding ideas. First, the terminology of istibdād signified literally “decisiveness” it only began to be used in the sense of “despotism” in the mid-19th century. Second, the first generation of Nahda considered the despotism as a problem of the abuse of power until the 1860s. Third, in the late 1870s, Afghānī emphasized the necessity of a leader’s ability, whereas Isḥāq began to describe the despotism as a mechanism of reproduction of power. In short, the concept of “Just despot”, employed by ‘Abduh, was, in general, a product of his adaptation and development of these two points of view. He reached the meaning of a modern political concept following the efforts of their predecessors.

著者

岡崎 弘樹

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.33-61, 2015-01-15 (Released:2018-03-30)

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The purpose of this article is to examine Adīb Isḥāq (1856–1884)’s interpretation of freedom and despotism. According to him, the population has already been deprived of its natural rights through social customs and manners, such as compulsory right-handedness in Europe and foot-binding in China. If so, it is evident that civil and political freedom is not guaranteed by the authoritarian tradition. The despotic state does not repress the people in the name of “repression” but creates, by giving the public the illusion of freedom, a triangular system of fear, jealousy, and mutual suspicion, as Montesquieu framed it. Additionally, the autocratic Khedival regime in Egypt at that time was strengthened by European colonialism. Under these circumstances, Isḥāq admitted the difficulty of banishing foreign powers by force of arms. He instead suggested gradual reforms, including the establishment of public education. According to him, compulsory education would be the only way to teach the public the value of freedom and isolating the cycle of authoritarianism – from the dictatorship of the state to the patriarchy of the family. His idea differed greatly from the conventional way of thinking of political thinkers of the time: the idea of the just despot. In short, Ishāq’s original, meticulous analysis of despotic power systems was an important contribution to the development of Arab political thought.

著者

岡崎 弘樹

出版者

日本中東学会

雑誌

日本中東学会年報 = Annals of Japan Association for Middle East Studies (ISSN:09137858)

巻号頁・発行日

no.32, pp.89-117, 2016