著者
牧野 英二
出版者
法政大学文学部
雑誌
法政大学文学部紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Letters, Hosei University (ISSN:04412486)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, pp.1-20, 2017-03-30

Today wars and conflicts remain ongoing on a global scale, and the political situation in East Asia is as tense as it was before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. The current world situation appears to require a re-emergence of the perpetual peace envisioned by Immanuel Kant in 1795. However, his philosophy and theory of perpetual peace are no longer valid in their current form against the background of today's globalization and the resulting intricate intertwining of international relations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the theory of perpetual peace from the perspectives of (1) ascertaining whether the theory predicted the general trends observed in modern society, and (2) identifying contemporary issues that extend beyond the frame work of the theory. The paper first elucidates the significance and roles of the theory in philosophical studies in Japan, with focus on those of Kant. This is followed by a discussion on the history of controversies over the theory in Japan and a look at their historical significance in relation to social and ideological backgrounds. The paper then clarifies the significance of studies on the theory of perpetual peace in Japan in the present context and outlines related challenges.The following major points of discussion are addressed here: (1) whether Kant's argument regarding a world republic in the theory of perpetual peace contradicts that regarding the philosophy of perpetual peace described in his other treatises, particularly "The Metaphysics of Morals"; (2) whether Kant was philosophically convinced of the feasibility of perpetual peace or whether such feasibility was an expression of religious hope; (3) the question of what guarantees the realization of perpetual peace: (a) God or providence, (b) the intention of nature (Naturabsicht) or natural mechanisms, or (c) moral practice by humans; (4) why in the theory of perpetual peace Kant proposed a league of nations as the negative surrogate of a world republic, and whether the argument is rational; (5) how the relationship between the theory of perpetual peace and issues of justice should be interpreted; and (6) whether the views expressed in the theory are still useful today. Lastly, the paper clarifies the significance of the theory of perpetual peace in the present context as follows: First, the theory is inseparable from today's theory of justice. Second, ideas about the theory do not allow holy war - which destroys peace in the name of justice - from the perspective of global justice. Third, a theory of justice has been examined from a variety of perspectives, which has in turn made the subject a battlefield for discussions. In any case, studies and assessment of the theory of perpetual peace offer some important ideas for the peace and stability of the international community.
著者
牧野 英二
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.55, pp.41-55,21, 2004-04-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

Man mag sich nun immer noch fragen, was die reine Vernunft in Kants drei Kritiken bedeutet.Die meisten Forscher interpretieren diesen Begriff der reinen Vernunft bei Kant als eine inhaltsleere, d. h. formale and abstrakte, gefühlsarme, allgemeine Vernunft.Wilhelm Dilthey witft zum Beispiel Kant vor, "In den Adern des erkennenden Subjekts, das Locke, Hume and Kant konstruierten, rinnt nicht wirkliches Blut, sondern der verdünnte Saft vonVernunft als blosser Denktäfigkeit."Ich möchte vorschlagen, dass der Begriff der reinen Vernunft "das Gefühl des der Vernunft eigenen Bedürfnisses" enthielt, and dass "das Bedürfnis der Vernunft" den Lebenshorizont der menschlichen Vernunft erfüllt.
著者
牧野 英二 白 琮鉉 李 美淑 韓 慈卿 李 京珪 李 秋零 廖 欽彬 張 政遠 李 明輝 彭 文本 近堂 秀 相原 博
出版者
法政大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

本研究は、次のような研究成果を挙げた。第一に、日本、韓国、中国・台湾の漢字文化圏におけるカント哲学の翻訳・受容の現状と課題を解明した。第二に、日本、韓国、中国・台湾におけるカント哲学研究の国際的なネットワークを構築することができた。第三に、日本、韓国、中国・台湾におけるカント哲学の翻訳・受容の影響作用史の課題を解明することができた。 最後に、本研究の一部は、すでに『東アジアのカント哲学』に発表された。
著者
牧野 英二
出版者
法政大学文学部
雑誌
法政大学文学部紀要 (ISSN:04412486)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, pp.1-20, 2017-03-30

Today wars and conflicts remain ongoing on a global scale, and the political situation in East Asia is as tense as it was before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. The current world situation appears to require a re-emergence of the perpetual peace envisioned by Immanuel Kant in 1795. However, his philosophy and theory of perpetual peace are no longer valid in theircurrent form against the background of today's globalization and the resulting intricate intertwining of international relations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the theory of perpetual peace from the perspectives of (1) ascertaining whether the theory predicted the general trends observed in modern society, and (2) identifying contemporary issues that extend beyond the frame work of the theory. The paper first elucidates the significance and roles of the theory in philosophical studies in Japan, with focus on those of Kant. This is followed by a discussion on the history of controversies over the theory in Japan and a look at their historical significance in relation to social and ideological backgrounds. The paper then clarifies the significance of studies on the theory of perpetual peace in Japan in the present context and outlines related challenges.The following major points of discussion are addressed here: (1) whether Kant's argumentregarding a world republic in the theory of perpetual peace contradicts that regarding the philosophy of perpetual peace described in his other treatises, particularly "The Metaphysics of Morals"; (2) whether Kant was philosophically convinced of the feasibility of perpetual peace or whether such feasibility was an expression of religious hope; (3) the question of what guaranteesthe realization of perpetual peace: (a) God or providence, (b) the intention of nature(Naturabsicht) or natural mechanisms, or (c) moral practice by humans; (4) why in the theory of perpetual peace Kant proposed a league of nations as the negative surrogate of a world republic, and whether the argument is rational; (5) how the relationship between the theory of perpetual peace and issues of justice should be interpreted; and (6) whether the views expressed in the theory are still useful today. Lastly, the paper clarifies the significance of the theory of perpetual peace in the present context as follows: First, the theory is inseparable from today's theory of justice. Second, ideasabout the theory do not allow holy war — which destroys peace in the name of justice — from the perspective of global justice. Third, a theory of justice has been examined from a variety of perspectives, which has in turn made the subject a battlefield for discussions. In any case, studies and assessment of the theory of perpetual peace offer some important ideas for the peace andstability of the international community.
著者
舟場 保之 寺田 俊郎 小野原 雅夫 加藤 泰史 大越 愛子 松井 佳子 牧野 英二 舟場 保之 大橋 容一郎 御子柴 善之
出版者
大阪大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2003

2001年9月11日のいわゆるテロ事件が印象づけた国際社会の諸問題に、カント哲学やヘーゲル哲学のみならず、法哲学やジェンダー論、宗教学、教育学、環境論といった最も広い意味における哲学の立場から応答することを試みた「<9.11>を多角的に考える哲学フォーラム」における議論を発展・継承させ、その後いっそう緊張を強めた状況の中でグローバル・コミュニティが必要とする倫理、すなわちグローバル・エシックスを構築するうえで基盤となる理論的な研究を行った。研究に際して、テロリズムと暴力、正義と法、戦争と平和、人権とジェンダー、地球環境、多元主義と教育といった問題群をテーマ化し、一般に開かれた形で研究会を運営・開催しながら、公共空間における哲学的思考のあり方を模索すると同時に、公共空間そのものの創出を実現した。それは、カントが『啓蒙とは何か』のなかで主張したような、個々人がそれぞれの社会的な身分からは独立した「学者としての」「公共的な理性使用による異議申し立て」を行えるような公共圏そのものであり、言葉の力のみを頼りとする参加者たちが対等の立場で議論し合う空間であった。ここにおいて、具体的には、哲学の伝統がこれまで積み重ねてきた議論(たとえば、カントの永遠平和論やバトラーのジェンダー論など)を思想的な資源として活用しつつ、これらに哲学的反省を加えながら、その他の学問分野の専門家や市民とのコミュニケーションのなかで対話的・反省的思考を重ねることによって、グローバル・エシックスを形成するためにクリアしておかなければならない諸問題の所在を明確なものとし、グローバル・エシックス構築のための理論的基盤を明らかにすることができた。