著者

Herbert A. Davidson

出版者

Oxford University Press

巻号頁・発行日

1992

著者

Clemons Eric K. Santamaria Jason A. 有賀 裕子

出版者

ダイヤモンド社

雑誌

Diamondハーバード・ビジネス・レビュー

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.7, pp.27-39, 2002-07

著者

Gurgel Ricardo Q. Cuevas Luis E. Vieira Sarah C.F. Barros Vanessa C.F. Fontes Paula B. Salustino Eduardo F. Nakagomi Osamu Nakagomi Toyoko Dove Winifred Cunliffe Nigel Hart Charles A.

出版者

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

雑誌

Emerging Infectious Diseases (ISSN:10806040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.10, pp.1571-1573, 2007-10

被引用文献数

3

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We identified 21 rotaviruses in 129 patients with diarrhea in a Brazilian city with high rotavirus vaccine coverage. All rotaviruses were genotype P[4]G2 with 1 mixed infection with P[NT]G9. Although virus predominance could have occurred randomly, the vaccine may be less protective against P[4]G2. Prospective surveillance is urgently needed.

著者

Peter A.J. Van Den Berg

出版者

Graduate School of Law and Politics, Osaka University

雑誌

Osaka University Law Review (ISSN:04721381)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.57-76, 2012-02

著者

Francisco J. Pastor-Pérez Sergio Manzano-Fernández Rebeca Goya-Esteban Domingo A. Pascual-Figal Oscar Barquero-Pérez Jose Luis Rojo-Álvarez Estrella Everss Maria Dolores Martinez Martinez-Espejo Mariano Valdés Chavarri Arcadi García-Alberola

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-12-0192, (Released:2012-06-06)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Abnormalities in autonomic control are a feature of neuroendocrine activation in HF and are responsible for dysregulation of biological rhythms. The purpose was to investigate the presence and the prognostic significance of long-period heart rate (HR) rhythms in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods and Results: In the study, 92 HF patients were enrolled (age 53±14 years and left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 37±10%). A rhythmometric analysis was used to assess the HR rhythms in 7-days (7D) Holter recordings. Rhythms properties were quantified by mesor and amplitude, in beats/min and by acrophase, in hours. Cardiac death or HF decompensation were registered. All patients had 24-h rhythm, 61 patients (77%) had 8-h rhythm, and 66 patients (83%) had 7D rhythm. Twelve patients (15%) experienced events. Among rhythm parameters only 7D median amplitude was different between patients with or without events: 1.1beats/min [0.5–1.5] vs. 2.0beats/min [0.0–3.9], P=0.049 respectively. After multivariate adjustment, LVEF (per 1%, hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 0.98, P=0.01), N-terminal portion of pro-natriuretic hormone type B (per 100pg/ml, hazard ratio 1.036, 95% CI 1.005–1.069, P=0.022), and 7D amplitude of the HR ≤1.71beats/min (hazard ratio 5.4, 95% CI 1.2–34.4, P=0.047) were independent predictors of events. Conclusions: A 7D HR rhythm is present in most patients with HF, and has prognostic significance.

著者

熊谷 敦史 Vladimir A. Saenko 柴田 義貞 大津留 晶 伊東 正博

出版者

長崎大学

雑誌

長崎醫學會雜誌 : Nagasaki Igakkai zasshi (ISSN:03693228)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.297-300, 2004-09

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甲状腺癌の約80%以上を占める主要な病理組織型である甲状腺乳頭癌(PTCs)には,特異的な遺伝子異常が存在する. 特に,チェルノブイリ原子力発電所事故後の小児PTCsにおける高頻度のRet/PTC遺伝子再配列異常が報告されている. 一方,成人PTCsにおいては,2003年BRAF遺伝子のエクソン15コドン599に限局した活性型点突然変異(T1796A,V599E)がその3〜5割に認められ,PTCsの発症に関与していることが報告された. その後シークエンス解析等の結果,BRAF遺伝子のヌクレオチド番号・コドン番号の表記が訂正され,これに従いHot spotはコドン600(T1799A,V600E)に訂正された. BRAF遺伝子はRAS-RAF-MAPK経路(MAPKカスケード)を構成するRAF蛋白のアイソフォームのひとつであるBRAF蛋白をコードする遺伝子であり,BRAF蛋白はセリン・スレオニンキナーゼとして細胞内情報伝達因子としての活性を持っている. BRAF蛋白は通常でも,その下流の因子であるMEK1/2に対して,その他のRAF蛋白(ARAF,RAF-1)より強い親和性を有しているとされている. 遺伝子変異によってBRAF蛋白の600番目のアミノ酸がバリンからグルタミン酸に転換すると,BRAF蛋白の構造変化を引き起こし通常よりさらに強力なリン酸化能を恒常的に発揮するようになると考えられている. また成人発症のPTCでは,BRAF遺伝子変異と遠隔転移との間に有意な相関性が認められることも指摘され,BRAF遺伝子変異が予後不良群のマーカーとなる可能性も注目されている. これに対して小児PTCsは成人例に比べて遠隔転移が高頻度に認められるにもかかわらず,予後が比較的良好であることが特徴である. そこで小児PTCsにおけるBRAF遺伝子異常の頻度を検討した. 更に,放射線汚染地域および非汚染地域でのPTCsの遺伝子異常の頻度を比較することにより,放射線被曝による変異誘発の可能性もあわせて検討することとした.

著者

チェラホヴツェフ A.N.[著] 川上 久寿(訳)

出版者

小樽商科大学

雑誌

小樽商科大学人文研究 (ISSN:0482458X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.25-48, 1974-09-01

著者

シェレン キース A.

出版者

山脇学園短期大学

雑誌

紀要 (ISSN:03898814)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.46-50, 2007

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In a cooperative based classroom, students are taught to take responsibility for their learning and not to just expect to rely on the instructor for all of their learning. Jigsaw activities optimize the student's active participation time during class. A cooperative based classroom using a jigsaw activity can help students become better foreign/second language learners.

著者

Selezion A. Hambir Jens Franken Dana D. Dlott

出版者

日本高圧力学会

雑誌

高圧力の科学と技術 (ISSN:0917639X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.891-896, 1998-03-03 (Released:2009-08-07)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 5

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Using a moderate energy picosecond pulse laser, 4 GPa shock waves are reproducibly generated at a high repetition rate in molecular solids. These tiny but powerful shocks are termed “nanoshocks”. Time resolved vibrational spectra with high signal to noise can be obtained using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). Applications of nanoshocks in research and industry are discussed briefly. Results are presented on a molecular crystal, anthracene, and an energetic material, NTO. The temperature and pressure of the shocked material, and the risetime and velocity of the shock front are determined spectroscopically. Ultrafast material relaxation processes are investigated.

著者

von F.A. v. Hartsen

出版者

Theodor Thomas

巻号頁・発行日

1869

著者

Seong-Sung KWAK Seung-A CHEONG Yubyeol JEON Sang-Hwan HYUN

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1204140816, (Released:2012-04-24)

被引用文献数

14 16

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We examined the effects of porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (pGM-CSF) on the in vitro development of porcine embryos produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) for the first time. We evaluated the effects of pGM-CSF on SCNT-derived blastocyst formation and investigated gene expression. A total of 522 cloned embryos in 6 replicates were treated with 10 ng/ml pGM-CSF during in vitro culture (IVC). This treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased blastocyst formation and total cell number in blastocysts compared to the control (12.3% and 41.4 vs. 9.0% and 34.7, respectively). However, there was no effect on cleavage rate. The number of cells in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm were significantly higher in the pGM-CSF treatment group (6.0 and 43.0, respectively) compared to the control (4.4 and 31.9, respectively). Treatment with 10 ng/ml pGM-CSF significantly increased POU5F1 and Cdx2 mRNA expression in blastocysts. In addition, Bcl-2, Dnmt1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA expression were up-regulated in blastocysts in the pGM-CSF supplemented group compared to the control. These results suggest that pGM-CSF improves the quality and developmental viability of porcine SCNT embryos by regulating transcription factor expression.

著者

ランジェム M・A 中野 政身

出版者

山形大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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離散渦法及びPowell・Howe 渦音論(theory of vortex sound)を基づいた三次元の数値解析法を開発した。そのほか、数学的に厳密な軸対称のあるモデルも開発した。

著者

金田 章宏 松本 泰丈 HOLDA M・A

出版者

千葉大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2004

---

当該の研究期間における研究成果の概要は以下のとおりである。1.八丈方言の文法書を作成した。これはまだ草稿段階のものであり、こんごこれをもとに、練習問題や発展問題などを充実させて学校教育における副読本として利用できるレベルのテキストにまで完成度を上げることで、消滅の危機に瀕した方言再生の手がかりとなる可能性がある。2.過去に録音された八丈島の談話資料をローマ字とカナで文字化し、対訳を付した。これまでに代表者がかかわってきた八丈方言民話・談話資料作成の一環であり、研究期間終了後も継続して進められる予定である。3.八丈方言とのかかわりを念頭に、奄美方言の文法を記述した。分担者である松本がこれまでに行なってきた八丈・琉球方言比較研究の一部となるものであり、代表者が現在個人で行なっている八丈・八重山方言比較研究とも深く関連するものである。4.研究成果の一部を国際会議で発表した。関連する内容についてはこれ以前にも国際会議で発表を行なっているが、今回の研究期間にかかわるものだけを報告書に掲載する。さらに、分担者であるホウダは他言語との対照研究に重点を置いた別稿を準備中である。5.国語研究所に保存されていた八丈方言資料(カードで保存)を電子化し、検索可能なものとした。これにより、文法研究の深化に比べて方言辞典作成の面で遅れていた部分を多少なりとも補うという可能性がでてきた。これについては報告書にも掲載するが、代表者のホームページでの公開も予定している。6.代表者のHPを開設し、過去の関連する科研の成果とあわせて、研究成果の公開を開始した。こんごさらに充実させていく予定である。http://student2.international.chiba-u.ac.jp/kaneda/index-htmlのなかの八丈方言資料

著者

M. R. Naghii P. Darvishi Y. Ebrahimpour G. Ghanizadeh M. Mofid M. Hedayati A. R. Asgari

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.103-111, 2012 (Released:2012-01-24)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

7 8 4

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The effect of consumption of fatty acids and selected nutrients, along with regular physical activity, on cardiovascular risk factors in rats was investigated.Male rats were divided into the seven groups: Group 1: regular food and drinking water, Group 2: same as Group. 1 + physical activity (whole body vibration; WBV), Group 3: same as Group. 2 + calcium, vitamin D, boron, Group 4: same as Group. 3 + canola oil, Group 5: same as Group. 3 + sunflower oil, Group 6: same as Group. 3 + mix of sunflower oil and canola oil, Group 7: same as Group. 3 + coconut oil. Rats were treated for 8 weeks, and analysis of the frozen plasmas was performed. A- Analysis between the treatment groups and control revealed that vibration training in Group 2 increased body weight (P = 0.04), plasma creatin kinase (CK), (P = 0.02), and estradiol (E2), (P = 0.03). Rats in Group 5 consumed less food and plasma levels of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly (P = 0.02) in Group 6 and in Group 7 (p

著者

Philip A. Shreffler

出版者

Greenwood Press

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

Takaharu ITAMI Naomichi TAMARU Kodai KAWASE Tomohito ISHIZUKA Jun TAMURA Kenjirou MIYOSHI Mohammed A. UMAR Hiroki INOUE Kazuto YAMASHITA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.12, pp.1603-1609, 2011 (Released:2012-01-06)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

11 13

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Cardiovascular effects of tramadol were evaluated in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane. Six beagle dogs were anesthetized twice at 7 days interval. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was earlier determined in each dog. The dogs were then anesthetized with sevoflurane at 1.3 times of predetermined individual MAC and cardiovascular parameters were evaluated before (baseline) and after an intravenous injection of tramadol (4 mg/kg). The administration of tramadol produced a transient and mild increase in arterial blood pressure (ABP) (P=0.004) with prolonged increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (P<0.0001). Compared with baseline value, mean ABP increased significantly at 5 min (119% of baseline value, P=0.003), 10 min (113%, P=0.027), and 15 min (111%, P=0.022). SVR also increased significantly at 5 min (128%, P<0.0001), 10 min (121%, P=0.026), 30 min (114%, P=0.025), 45 min (113%, P=0.025) and 60 min (112%, P=0.048). Plasma concentrations of tramadol were weakly correlated with the percentage changes in mean ABP (r=0.642, P<0.0001) and SVR (r=0.646, P<0.0001). There was no significant change in heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. In conclusion, the administration of tramadol produces a prolonged peripheral vascular constriction in dogs anesthetized with sevoflurane, which is accompanied with a transient and mild increase in arterial blood pressure. It also indicated that the degree of vasoconstriction might depend on the plasma concentration of tramadol.

著者

清水 友 Constancio A. Asis Jr. 安達 克己 中西 康博 佐伯 雄一 長友 由隆 赤尾 勝一郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会

雑誌

日本土壌肥料学会講演要旨集 (ISSN:02885840)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, 2004-09-14

著者

Stephen Marsh Pamela Briggs Khalil El-Khatib Babak Esfandiari John A. Stewart

出版者

Information Processing Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.231-252, 2011 (Released:2011-07-06)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1 8

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Device Comfort is a concept that uses an enhanced notion of trust to allow a personal (likely mobile) device to better reason about the state of interactions and actions between it, its owner, and the environment. This includes allowing a better understanding of how to manage information in fine-grained context as well as addressing the personal security of the user. To do this, it forms a unique relationship with the user, focusing on the device's judgment of user in context. This paper introduces and defines Device Comfort, including an examination of what makes up the comfort of a device in terms of trust and other considerations, and discusses the uses of such an approach. It also presents some ongoing developmental work in the concept, and an initial formal model of Device Comfort, its makeup and behaviour.

著者

Franz F. P. Kollmann Wilfred A. Côté Jr

出版者

Springer-Verlag

巻号頁・発行日

1968

著者

Keisuke Suzuki Katherine A Simpson James S Minnion Joyceline C Shillito Stephen R Bloom

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1003230405, (Released:2010-04-14)

被引用文献数

137 210

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The World Health Organisation has estimated that by 2015 approximately 2.3 billion adults will be overweight and more than 700 million obese. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, stroke and cancer. The hypothalamus is a crucial region for integrating signals from central and peripheral pathways and plays a major role in appetite regulation. In addition, there are reciprocal connections with the brainstem and higher cortical centres. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, there are two major neuronal populations which stimulate or inhibit food intake and influence energy homeostasis. Within the brainstem, the dorsal vagal complex plays a role in the interpretation and relaying of peripheral signals. Gut hormones act peripherally to modulate digestion and absorption of nutrients. However, they also act as neurotransmitters within the central nervous system to control food intake. Peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and oxyntomodulin suppress appetite, whilst ghrelin increases appetite through afferent vagal fibres to the caudal brainstem or directly to the hypothalamus. A better understanding of the role of these gut hormones may offer the opportunity to develop successful treatments for obesity. Here we review the current understanding of the role of gut hormones and the hypothalamus on food intake and body weight control.