著者

朝比奈 泰彦 平岩 通夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.275-279, 1937-03-26 (Released:2009-11-13)

著者

山田 清文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.9, pp.965-969, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-09-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2

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In order to provide safe and effective pharmaceutical care to patients and their family members in clinical practice, pharmacists should receive appropriate clinical training after obtaining their license, as is standard in other medical professions. At present, there is no national framework in Japan for the early clinical training of pharmacists after licensure. However, pharmacy residency programs have been autonomously developed and implemented at some university hospitals and other medical institutions. This article describes the current status of clinical training of pharmacists after licensure in Japan. Furthermore, the standards for pharmacy residency programs, the outline of a core program for clinical training, and the career paths of hospital pharmacists after training are discussed.

著者

大澤 宏祐

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.7, pp.551-557, 2023-07-01 (Released:2023-07-01)

参考文献数

29

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Naturally occurring cyclopeptides are potential middle-molecule drug candidates beyond Lipinski’s rule of five. This paper focuses on the structural determination and structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of two cyclopeptides: asperterrestide A and decatransin. The proposed asperterrestide A was synthesized by solution-phase peptide elongation, followed by macrolactamization. NMR analysis and molecular modeling studies revealed the stereochemistry at the two α-positions of amino acid residues as opposite to each other. This was further confirmed by the total synthesis of the revised asperterrestide A. SAR study of synthetic products revealed that the β-hydroxy group in the nonproteinogenic amino acid residue was not essential for its cytotoxicity. In addition, N-alkyl-enriched peptide fragments of decatransin were synthesized in solution-phase without diketopiperadine formation. The putative candidates of decatransin was synthesized by convergent peptide coupling, followed by macrocyclization under modified Mitsunobu conditions. The structure of the natural decatransin, including its absolute configuration, was determined through a comparison of spectral data and the cytotoxicity exhibited by the synthetic products.

著者

河添 仁 土屋 雅美 藤堂 真紀 原 梓 大西 友美子 大里 洋一 堀 里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.8, pp.683-691, 2023-08-01 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

10

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This study aimed to clarify diverse values toward career visions for hospital pharmacists. A self-administered online questionnaire survey was delivered to live and on-demand release attendees at a symposium about sustainable career paths for pharmacists at the 32nd annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences between September 23rd and November 14th, 2022. Correspondence analyses of text mining were conducted to assess the association between the participants’ perspectives on career visions and their backgrounds consisting of sex and generation. The recovery rate was 81.9% (136/166). The majority of respondents were women (61.4%), aged ≥40 years (66.1%). Correspondence analysis of career vision for pharmacists showed that respondents who were ≥20–30 years were associated with the research topic, whereas those who were ≥40 years were associated with the director of a pharmacy and worked until retirement age. In contrast, there was no difference in career visions for pharmacists based on sex. The median satisfaction score of the symposium was 6 [interquartile range (IQR): 5–6] in the entire population, as conveyed using a seven-point Likert scale. Interestingly, the median satisfaction scores of the symposium were significantly higher for men in management positions than women in non-management and management positions (p=0.0106 and p=0.0031, respectively). In conclusion, we believe that career support tailored to everyone’s values could enable hospital pharmacists to realize their career visions.

著者

齋藤 靖弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.8, pp.623-628, 2023-08-01 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

23

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It is difficult to say that pharmacist services in the emergency room (ER) are widespread nationwide. According to a survey of certified emergency pharmacists, the work area they are most commonly engaged in is the intensive care unit. This may be due to the lack of reimbursement for pharmacist services in ERs and the absence of operational guidelines. On the other hand, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital has had ER specialized pharmacists (ESPs) since 2016 and has reported on the usefulness of pharmacist services in the ER at conferences and in papers. Among other things, it has been shown that the workload of emergency physicians is reduced by 1.9 h/d through the use of ESPs, and that also contributes to the increase in accurate diagnoses of drug-induced diseases and the treatment of infectious diseases. Reports on the benefits of ESP have also begun to emerge in Japan, including a significant decrease in the number of incident reports. Meanwhile, overseas reports indicate that ESPs have a significant impact on healthcare economics, such as “an annualized cost avoidance effect of more than 400 million yen.” Furthermore, reports of improvements in operational guidelines and patient outcomes that support these guidelines indicate that ESPs in other countries are well-established ahead of their counterparts in Japan. We strongly hope that ESPs will increase in number and distribution in Japan in the future through the evaluation of reimbursement and formulation of operational guidelines.

著者

松木 光雄 渡部 俊彦 小笠原 綾子 三上 健 松本 達二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.8, pp.1203-1207, 2008 (Released:2008-08-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

12 17

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Glutathione dose dependently inhibited melanin synthesis in the reaction of tyrosinase and L-DOPA. The inhibition of melanin synthesis was recovered by increasing the concentration of L-DOPA, but not recovered by increasing tyrosinase. Glutathione inhibited the binding between tyrosinase and L-DOPA. Although the synthesized melanin was aggregated within 1 h, the aggregation was inhibited by the addition of glutathione. These results indicate that glutathione inhibits the synthesis and agglutination of melanin by interrupting the function of L-DOPA.

著者

向井 友花 及川 勉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.10, pp.1335-1343, 2016 (Released:2016-10-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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Tests on physiological functions of umami have been actively conducted and a need recognized for a high-performance quantification device that is simple and cost-effective, and whose use is not limited to a particular location or user. To address this need, Ajinomoto Co. and Tanita Corp. have jointly been researching and developing a simple device for glutamate measurement. The device uses L-glutamate oxidase immobilized on a hydrogen peroxide electrode. L-glutamate in the sample is converted to α-ketoglutaric acid, which produces hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, the electrical current from the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide is measured to determine the L-glutamate concentration. In order to evaluate its basic performance, we used this device to measure the concentration of L-glutamate standard solutions. In a concentration range of 0-1.0%, the difference from the theoretical value was minimal. The coefficient of variation (CV) value of 3 measurements was 4% or less. This shows that the device has a reasonable level of precision and accuracy. The device was also used in trial measurements of L-glutamate concentrations in food. There was a good correlation between the results obtained using the developed device and those obtained with an amino acid analyzer; the correlation coefficient was R=0.997 (n=24). In this review, we demonstrate the use of our device to measure the glutamate concentration in miso soup served daily at a home for elderly people, and other foods and ingredients.

著者

日下部 吉男 中村 康宏 谷川 和也 唐澤 健 丸山 桂司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.7, pp.607-616, 2023-07-01 (Released:2023-07-01)

参考文献数

13

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In today’s world, where clinical options are ever increasing and patients’ needs are more diverse, it is not possible to conclude that simply practicing medical care based on pathophysiological data and medical evidence is sufficient for patients, particularly in terms of seeing each patient as an individual. Medical professionals must maintain a close relationship with their patients and seek treatment and care methods that reflect the patient’s values and views on life and death, based on their own ethics in medical care. Ethics education should be provided on a continuing basis from the beginning of medical/pharmacy school. However, ethics education in pharmacy departments is often delivered in a lecture format attended by many students and/or as group training using case studies and hypothetical situations, i.e., “paper” patients. With these teaching methods, there are limited opportunities for the students to foster a sense of ethics or to think deeply about their values and views on life and death with respect to the patients they care for. Therefore, in this study, we conducted ethics exercises for pharmacy students in a group study format using a documentary film of real patients who were facing death. By retrospectively analyzing the results of the questionnaires collected before and after the assignments and exercises, we verified the educational effects and changes in the students’ sense of ethics from participating in the group learning exercise; moreover, our results revealed the insight gained by the students in examining the experiences and challenges faced by terminally ill patients.

著者

松本 准 板野 円香 岩田 直大 大呂 真史 北風 智佳子 廣田 あゆ子 槇野 克彦 立野 朋志 寺井 竜平 監物 英男 伊達 元英

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.4, pp.393-404, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-04-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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Community pharmacists in Japan participate in many important clinical cases involving drug therapies. This involvement should be researched and widely publicized to promote evidence-based medicine (EBM). However, the awareness level about the establishment of clinical evidence among community pharmacists remains unknown. Therefore, this large-scale questionnaire survey was conducted among members of the Okayama Pharmaceutical Association to clarify the awareness about the establishment of clinical evidence among community pharmacists to determine the major factors affecting their awareness. Questionnaires requiring open-ended responses were developed in Google Forms. Finally, 366 valid answers were obtained and statistically analyzed based on three aspects: academic conference presentation, research article publication, and research conduct. More than 50% of the participants agreed that they must engage in the establishment of clinical evidence. However, they were unwilling to engage in it by themselves. Additionally, the awareness about the establishment of clinical evidence among participants aged <40 years, who underwent a 6-year course, and with presentation experience was greater than that among participants aged ≥40 years, who underwent a 4-year course and without presentation experience. Thus, age, course duration, and presentation experience are important factors influencing awareness about the establishment of clinical evidence. Further, >70% of the participants did not have enough time to engage in the establishment of clinical evidence, suggesting that reducing workload and ensuring adequate time are necessary for such engagements. Our novel findings may increase the establishment of clinical evidence by community pharmacists, improve community pharmacists’ social standing, and promote EBM in Japan.

著者

加来 鉄平 鈴木 美威瑠 冨永 隆生 小川 暁郎 清水 厚志 渡邉 和孝 渡邉 和晃 前田 智司 松田 佳和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.3, pp.289-293, 2022-03-01 (Released:2022-03-01)

参考文献数

11

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In recent years, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have been on the rise. These conditions can cause serious conditions such as myocardial and cerebral infarctions. Therefore, proper control of blood pressure and blood glucose levels is important issues in preventive medicine. Traditional fermented foods have been shown to have various functions, and their effects on lifestyle-related diseases have attracted particular attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of fermented soybeans and rice bran (OE-1) and supplements containing OE-1 on blood glucose levels and weight changes. We identified an inhibitory effect on elevated blood glucose levels upon administration of OE-1, and this effect was thought to be due to digestive enzyme inhibition. These effects of foods containing OE-1 are expected to have a positive effect on the prevention and improvement of lifestyle-related diseases as health foods.

著者

朝比奈 菊雄 峯尾 章伍 吉田 光雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.9, pp.1115-1119, 1955-09-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

1

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Using the usual tabletting machine used in the factory and without changing the amount of granules supplied, two kinds of granules were submitted to tabletting at a constant tabletting speed, the same mortar volume, and in three positions of the upper pounder (giving three different thicknesses of tablet), and correlation between the forming pressure measured and various characters of the products was examined. From such results, following points were clarified:1) Naturally, there was no relation between pressure and weight of the tablet but differentiation by the position of the upper pounder (thickness of tablets) showed that there existed a positive correlation within each stratum. Appearance of such correlation in the case of one of the granules was found to be the interference of the change in the amount of granules supplied into the factor of the position of the upper pounder.2) There is a negative correlation between pressure and thickness but differentiation by the thickness indicated the presence of a positive correlation. This indicates that there is a positive correlation between weight and thickness.3) There is positive correlation between pressure and the quotient of weight by thickness.4) There is a positive correlation between pressure and compressive strength.5) Within the conditions used in the present experiments, no difference was found in the results from two kinds of granules.

著者

山本 丈夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.8, pp.797-801, 1954-08-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

9 12

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A strain of hyphomycetes that produces a toxic substance was isolated from a fungus that was parasitically growing on the malt feed responsible for mass death of milking cows. The fungus penetrates into malt grains from an injured section, causes morbid change in the starch and aleuron layers, to brown the tissues, and produces a metabolic products that causes marked toxicity in animals. The fungus was found to grow on a medium with a wide variety of carbon source. The morphology of the fungus on the Czapek culture medium is as follows: Vegetative mycelium, 3-5×18μ; aerial mycelium, 2μ diam.; conidiophore, 3.0-4.5×400-500μ; metulae, 3.0-5.2×6.0-10.4μ; sterigmata, 2.3-2.7×6.0-6.7μ; conidia, 2.5×3.2μ. Since the morphology and other properties of this fungus are identical with the description for Penicillium urticae Bainier in the classification by Thom (“A Manual of the Penicillia” (1949)), the fungus is now determined as that strain.

著者

加藤 日出男 永田 治 山崎 昌弘 鈴木 利広 仲野 善久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.1, pp.57-69, 2002-01-01 (Released:2003-02-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

18 17

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β2-Adrenergic agonists have been widely used to treat patients with asthma. Usually, oral dosage forms of β2-agonists have been used, but side effects such as palpitation and tremor have been reported because of excessive serum levels around Tmax. It is said that circadian variations exist in the manifestation of asthma with maximum incidence of asthma attacks in early morning at around 4 a.m., the so-called morning dip. Chronotherapy for asthma based on circadian rhythm should be more efficient and have a lower frequency of side effects. Accordingly we developed a transdermal delivery system of the β2-agonist tulobuterol adapted to the circadian rhythm. The system is designed to administer the appropriate dose of the drug at an optimal time using the so-called Crystal Reservoir System. The superiority of the transdermal formulation of tulobuterol over the current therapy using oral formulations of β2-stimulants was indicated by its excellent pharmacokinetic profile, and confirmed by the results of clinical trials. This formulation is the first transdermal chrono-delivery system reported anywhere in the world, and is expected to provide more effective and safe treatment of asthma and related diseases not only in adults, but also especially in children.

著者

朝比奈 菊雄 吉中 邦子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.501-505, 1953-05-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

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Attempt was made to obtain homogeneous vitamin B1 tablets by the improvement of manufacturing processes from finding the cause of variations in content of vitamin B1. As a result it was experimentally confirmed that the following equation is establishedσr2=σw2+σc2+σm2+2ρ⋅σw⋅σcwhen σr, σω, σc and σw respectively stand for the observed value, weight, content per unit weight, and standard deviation of determined value, and ρ, the coefficient of interdependence. From these findings, improvements were made on the mixing and granulation processes. Examinations were also made on the thiochrome process for determination of vitamin B1, conditions for direct absorption determination, and interdependence.

著者

和田 浩志 村上 孝夫 田中 信壽 中村 昌司 斎木 保久 陳 秋明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.11, pp.989-994, 1986-11-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 8

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From the fronds of Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes CHING and P. esquirolii CHING, a new flavanone glycoside (2S)-eriodictyol 7-O-methylether 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (I) and maltol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (V) were isolated. Besides them, from the former a new glycoside 5-hydroxymaltol 5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (II) and (2E, 6E)-(10S)-2, 6, 10-trimethyl-2, 6-11-dodecatriene-1, 10-diol (12-hydroxynerolidol) (III) were isolated and from the latter astragalin and shikimic acid were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.

著者

西山 伸宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.5, pp.443-447, 2023-05-01 (Released:2023-05-01)

参考文献数

5

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This paper introduces the research of nanomachines utilizing boron chemistry. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has beeing attracting increasing attention as a minimally invasive cancer treatment, and p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) has been approved as a potent BNCT drug. However, intratumoral retention of BPA remains to be improved. Recently, we have developed a BPA delivery system [poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)–BPA] utilizing PVA. PVA–BPA altered the uptake pathway of BPA by cancer cells and significantly improved the intracellular retention in cancer cells. in the in vivo experiments, PVA–BPA showed improved tumor accumulation and a remarkable tumor growth inhibition upon thermal neutron irradiation. On the other hand, a useful delivery system of bioactive proteins has been strongly demanded. In this study, we have developed the ternary complex micelles for the protein delivery utilizing tannic acid (TA) and block copolymer containing a boronic acid group. The ternary micelles improved the blood retention and tumor accumulation of the loaded proteins, and realized a tumor tissue-selective enzymatic reaction in the enzyme delivery.

著者

小武 和正 田平 明啓 川上 恭弘

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-00201, (Released:2023-03-07)

参考文献数

22

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The proteolytic enzyme inhibitor nafamostat mesylate is widely used for the treatment of acute pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This drug may be a risk factor for phlebitis, but this risk has not been studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the frequency of phlebitis and its risk factors in patients treated with nafamostat mesylate in intensive care units (ICU) or high care units (HCU). During the study period, 83 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 22 of them (27%) experienced phlebitis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for severe acute pancreatitis, administration duration, and administration concentration of nafamostat mesylate in the ICU or HCU. As a result, the administration of nafamostat mesylate for ≥ 3 days in the ICU or HCU was an independent predictor of phlebitis caused by nafamostat mesylate (odds ratio, 10.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–82.5; p=0.03). This study suggests that the number of days of nafamostat mesylate administration is associated with phlebitis in patients treated with the drug, and it may be necessary to pay attention to its administration for ≥ 3 days in the ICU or HCU.

著者

榮 慶丈 西川 直宏 塚本 修一朗 鈴木 孝禎 岡本 祐幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.1, pp.113-120, 2016-01-01 (Released:2016-01-01)

参考文献数

27

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Molecular simulations have been widely used in biomolecular systems such as proteins, DNA, etc. The search for stable conformations of proteins by molecular simulations is important to understand the function and stability of proteins. However, finding the stable state by conformational search is difficult, because the energy landscape of the system is characterized by many local minima separated by high energy barriers. In order to overcome this difficulty, various sampling and optimization methods for the conformation of proteins have been proposed. In this study, we propose a new conformational search method for proteins based on a genetic algorithm. We applied this method to an α-helical protein. We found that the conformations obtained from our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

著者

廣田 佳久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.3, pp.199-203, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

16

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Vitamin K plays an important role in blood coagulation and bone formation. However, apart from the liver and bone, the role of vitamin K in other tissues remains unknown. Previously, we have reported on high concentrations of vitamin K in the mouse brain and investigated vitamin K conversion in brain tissue. This led us to hypothesised the possibility of vitamin K contributing significantly towards maintenance and function of the cranial nervous system. In this review, we summarise the synthesis of novel vitamin K derivatives, their neuronal differentiation inducing activities and the induction mechanism. The findings from this study will provide insights into the physiological roles of vitamin K in the brain.

著者

牧野 利明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.4, pp.349-354, 2005-04-01 (Released:2005-04-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

9 12

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Gyokuheifusan (GHS, Jade Windscreen Powder in English, Yupingfengsan in Chinese) is an herbal formula in traditional Kampo medicine which consolidates superficial resistance to protect against invasion by external pathogens. This review describes the immunopharmacologic properties of GHS as a holistic Kampo medicine, which can affect human homeostasis and constitution of human beings. Oral treatment with GHS has preventive and curative effects in allergic rhinitis induced by Japanese cedar pollen in guinea pigs. Since these effects do not occur with authentic antiallergic agents, GHS appears to have holistic effects on allergic rhinitis. In another study, the effects of GHS on murine antibody production against ovalbumin (OVA) were evaluated. When mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to OVA, the concentration of OVA-specific immunoglobulins in the sera significantly increased with GHS treatment. When they were sensitized intranasally to OVA, GHS significantly reduced the concentration of OVA-specific antibodies in the sera. It was suggested that GHS stimulats immune responses when the antigen had already invaded the body, and that GHS might consolidate the resistance of nasal mucosa to protect from OVA invasion, and then OVA-specific antibodies in sera might be suppressed. These results suggest that traditional medicines have own characteristics different from those of modern medicines, and that original pharmacologic experiments are important to evaluate traditional medicines scientifically.