著者

中野 貴文 中村 智美 仲村 佳彦 入江 圭一 佐藤 啓介 松尾 宏一 今給黎 修 緒方 憲太郎 三島 健一 神村 英利

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.7, pp.909-916, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Warfarin (WF) shows a number of interactions with other drugs, which alter its anticoagulant effects. The albumin binding interaction is one such pharmacokinetic mechanism of drug interaction with WF, which induces a rise in the free WF concentration and thus increases the risk of WF toxicity. Teicoplanin (TEIC) is an anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug, which also binds strongly to albumin in the plasma. Therefore, co-administration of TEIC may displace WF from the albumin binding site, and possibly result in a toxicity. The present study was performed to investigate the drug-drug interaction between WF and TEIC in comparison with controls treated with vancomycin (VCM), which has the same spectrum of activity as TEIC but a lower albumin binding ratio.The records of 49 patients treated with WF and TEIC or VCM at Fukuoka University Hospital between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. These 49 patients consisted of 18 treated with TEIC in combination with WF, while 31 received VCM in combination with WF. Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) showed a significant increase of 80.9 (52.0-155.3) % after co-administration of TEIC with WF. In contrast, the rate of PT-INR elevation associated with VCM plus WF was 30.6 (4.5-44.1) %. These observations suggested that TEIC can cause a rise in free WF concentration by albumin binding interaction. Therefore, careful monitoring of PT-INR elevation is necessary in patients receiving WF plus TEIC.

著者

甲斐 久博 古稲 岳彦 馬場 正樹 奥山 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.6, pp.349-354, 2004-06-01 (Released:2004-05-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

11 13

---

Daphne genkwa (Thymelaeaceae) has been used as a folk medicine in China. We investigated the effects of D. genkwa and Jyu-So-To on various pharmacologic models in mice including the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt focus formation assay, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity assay, and two types of mouse ear swelling model. Administration of 236.3 ppm of Jyu-So-To in drinking water significantly suppressed AOM-induced colonic aberrant crypt focus formation (p < 0.05), with an inhibitory ratio of 46.7%. The effects of several extracts with organic solvents of D. genkwa on murine epidermal ODC activity were examined. In particular, the inhibitory ratio of the n-hexane extract was 30.8%. In the 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model in mice, the methanol extract resulted in 56.3% inhibition compared with the control. On the other hand, there are two peaks of responses at 1 h (immediate-phase reaction; IPR) and 24 h (late-phase reaction) in biphasic cutaneous reactions, which are enhanced in the dinitrofluorobenzene model (DNFB). The water extract of D. genkwa clearly inhibited the IPR ear swelling. These results suggest that D. genkwa and Jyu-So-To should be a promising source of antitumor, antiinflammatory, and antiallergy agents.

著者

水野 忠快 根本 駿平 森田 勝久 楠原 洋之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, no.2, pp.127-132, 2023-02-01 (Released:2023-02-01)

参考文献数

8

---

The effects of drugs and other low-molecular-weight compounds are complex and may be unintended by the developer. These compounds and drugs should be avoided if these unintended effects are harmful; however, unintended effects are not always as harmful as suggested by drug repositioning. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of complex drug actions is essential. Omics data can be regarded as the nonarbitrary transformation of biological information about a sample into comprehensive numerical information comprising multivariate data with a large number of variables. However, the changes are often based on a small number of elements in different dimensions (i.e., latent variables). The omics data of compound-treated samples comprehensively capture the complex effects of compounds, including their unrecognized aspects. Therefore, finding latent variables in these data is expected to contribute to the understanding of multiple effects. In particular, it can be interpreted as decomposing multiple effects into a smaller number of easily understandable effects. Although latent variable models of omics data have been used to understand the mechanisms of diseases, no approach has considered the multiple effects of compounds and their decomposition. Therefore, we propose to decompose and understand the multiple effects of low-molecular-weight compounds without arbitrariness and have been developing analytical methods and verifying their usefulness. In particular, we focused on classical factor analysis among latent variable models and have been examining the biological validity of the estimates obtained under linear assumptions.

著者

小出 裕之 浅井 知浩 畑中 剣太朗 清水 広介 横山 昌幸 石田 竜弘 際田 弘志 奥 直人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.129, no.12, pp.1445-1451, 2009-12-01 (Released:2009-12-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

10 12

---

Liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) can stably exist in the bloodstream because the PEG on the liposomes attracts a water shell to the liposomal surface. Since these liposomes are long circulating nanocarriers, they are used as drug and gene delivery tools. Repeat injection of PEGylated liposomes, however, is known to induce the accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon. In the ABC phenomenon, PEGylated liposomes that are injected subsequent to the first injection are cleared rapidly from the bloodstream and accumulate in the liver, resulting in loss of their long-circulating characteristics. The induction of ABC phenomenon is related to the production of anti-PEG IgM from splenic B cells. To elucidate the mechanism of the phenomenon, we firstly examined the relationship between the induction of ABC phenomenon and the concentration of PEGylated liposomes, and observed that the high dose of those did not induce the phenomenon. Next, we investigated whether polymeric micelles trigger ABC phenomenon or not. Finally, the size-dependency of ABC phenomenon was investigated by use of variously sized PEGylated liposomes and polymeric micelles having PEG chains. Our data suggest that the initiation of ABC phenomenon would be size-dependent, and particles smaller than 30 nm did not induce ABC phenomenon. We anticipate that the elucidation of the ABC phenomenon will be helpful for the development of DDS formulations.

著者

石井 英俊 横田 訓男 坂東 由紀 尾鳥 勝也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.10, pp.1125-1127, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

---

A 55-year-old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a pacemaker was admitted with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Before admission, the patient's medications included amiodarone, diltiazem, bisoprolol, atorvastatin, etizolam, and warfarin (WF). After admission, dexamethasone (DXM) and remdesivir (RDV) were initiated for treating COVID-19. The international normalized ratio (INR) on admission was 1.8, which increased to 3.4 on day 5 and to 6.9 on day 10 after admission. Although there have been reports that RDV may occasionally prolong prothrombin time and that the degree of prolongation is often less severe, the mechanism of action has not been elucidated till date. There are reports of prolonged INR when WF is co-administered with RDV and DXM, suggesting that drug interactions may be a potential cause for the prolongation. A similar drug interaction may have potentially occurred in the case reported here. In addition, this case used amiodarone (AMD), and it has been reported that the RDV concentration increases when used in combination with AMD. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cause of INR prolongation. Thus, close monitoring of the patient is recommended when RDV is co-administered with high-risk agents to avoid unnecessary side effects.

著者

近藤 邦生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.8, pp.985-992, 2020-08-01 (Released:2020-08-01)

参考文献数

49

---

Central neural circuits in the brain receive and integrate environmental and internal information to enable the animals to execute appropriate behaviors and physiological responses. Communication between the brain and peripheral organs via peripheral neural circuits maintains energy homeostasis in the body. Therefore it is important to investigate the anatomical organization of central and peripheral neural circuits for elucidating the mechanisms of energy homeostasis. Transsynaptic viral tracers can travel through connected neurons via synaptic connections and have been used to delineate the anatomical organization of neural circuits with specific functions. Herein, I review our recent studies investigating neural circuits and their involvement in physiological changes using transsynaptic tracers.

著者

渡邊 博志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.889-895, 2013-08-01 (Released:2013-08-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 6

---

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), marked by a progressive loss in renal function, is a leading cause of hemodialysis initiation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are currently 13.3 million patients with CKD and 300 thousand patients are currently undergoing hemodialysis in Japan. Therefore, preventing the initiation of dialysis and reducing the risk of cardiovascular death are high-priority issues from the viewpoint of public health and economic implications. Understanding the molecular mechanism responsible for the progression of CKD and cardiovascular damage regarding crosstalk between the kidney and cardiovascular system is an important issue in controlling the pathogenesis of CKD-CVD. However, the mechanisms involved in CKD-CVD are not well understood. This hinders the development of new treatment strategies. We have been investigating the role of protein bound uremic toxins, that are difficult to remove by hemodialysis, on the onset and progression of CKD and CVD. The relationship between their redox properties and the pathogenesis of CKD-CVD was examined. In this review, we focus on two sulfate conjugated uremic toxins, namely, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), and summarize recent studies that provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms responsible for uremic toxin-induced oxidative tissue damage via a cardiovascular-renal connection.

著者

小野田 稔久 木下 雅子 田中 博之 井澤 香 浦野 敦 佐藤 直子 増田 雅行 石井 敏浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.11, pp.1267-1276, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

19

---

During the treatment of cardiogenic shock, various continuous infusion drugs are used simultaneously. However, administration from the same route may result in stability changes due to mixing of drugs. In addition, stability tests after mixing more than three types of drugs have hardly been conducted. In this study, noradrenaline, milrinone, dobutamine hydrochloride, and landiolol hydrochloride were used to evaluate the chemical stability of the mixture. Chemical stability was evaluated by measuring the change in each drug concentration over time and calculating the content. The concentration of each drug was measured using an optimized gradient elution method by HPLC. In a four-drug mixed sample, noradrenaline, milrinone, dobutamine hydrochloride, and landiolol hydrochloride had retention times of 2.1 min, 5.2 min, 9.3 min, and 11.9 min, respectively. The concentration immediately after mixing each drug was almost the same as the theoretical concentration at the time of mixing each drug. Furthermore, noradrenaline, milrinone, and dobutamine hydrochloride concentrations were maintained up to 99% in each drug mixture until 24 h after mixing all the samples. However, the content of landiolol hydrochloride was 90% or less 24 h after mixing, except for two types of mixed solutions with dobutamine hydrochloride. This result suggested that landiolol hydrochloride was being degraded owing to acidic conditions. The results of this study suggest that noradrenaline, milrinone, and dobutamine hydrochloride can be administered from one route, while it is recommended that landiolol hydrochloride be administered from another route.

著者

五十嵐 中

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.12, pp.1379-1390, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

35

---

Development of a formulary is an important issue to achieve rational use of medicines in each local medical area in Japan. The purpose of developing the formulary is to secure the access for safe, effective, and affordable medications based on evidence for patients, families, healthcare professionals as well as for general publics. The economic aspect plays an important role for the establishment of the formulary, while the word “economic” is often misread as simple “cost reduction”, which only aims to generic/biosimilar substitutions. Both health outcomes and costs, should be taken into account under the true “health economic analysis”, or the cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA). Information provided via the CEA could be useful for establishment of the formulary. Moreover, various value assessment of medicines in health technology assessments (HTA) field beyond the current approach of safety, effectiveness, and economics evaluations should be considered. In this review, we discuss comprehensive assessment of various value components of medicines to establish the most suitable formulary which would contribute to whole society, as well as healthcare facilities/patients.

著者

桑山 健次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.8, pp.1063-1070, 2019-08-01 (Released:2019-08-01)

参考文献数

39

---

The abuse of drugs has become a serious social problem worldwide. Amphetamine-type stimulants such as methamphetamine are recreationally abused and can cause toxic effects in the body. Unfortunately, death from drug poisoning can occur due to careless intake. In postmortem examinations, the distribution of drugs in an entire organ gives valuable information for evaluating their toxicity. We developed methods to measure the distribution of drugs in organs using LC/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). The complementary use of the two methods provides more detailed information on the distribution and concentration of drugs in organs because the accurate quantification in LC/MS and small spatial resolution in MALDI-IMS are combined. On the other hand, it is important to elucidate the drug intake history of suspects and victims in drug-facilitated crimes (DFCs). Hair and nail samples are often used to confirm chronic drug intake because ingested drugs can stably remain in these specimens over several months. However, it is impossible to determine the day of drug ingestion in conventional segmental analysis of bulk samples. Therefore, we developed methods to cut hair strands at 0.4-mm intervals and nails at 0.2-mm intervals, which correspond to their respective growth rates over 1-2 d, to analyze the drugs in each segment efficiently using LC/MS. The microsegmental hair analysis method is applied to estimate the day of drug ingestion in DFC investigations. These methods could be applied to measure the distribution of compounds in various solid samples.

著者

角田 慎一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.12, pp.1297-1305, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

25

---

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is critical to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. There are two subtypes of receptors for TNF, namely type I TNF receptor (TNFR1) and type II TNF receptor (TNFR2). Previous studies using animal models of diseases have demonstrated the predominant role of TNFR1 in the pathogenesis of inflammation. It has recently been proposed that TNFR2 is associated with anti-inflammatory function. This intriguing function of TNFR2 has implications from an immunological and pharmacological perspective. However, the mechanism of the TNFR2-mediated anti-inflammatory effect is not fully understood. In this context, we attempted to elucidate the TNFR2-mediated anti-inflammatory effect and other unknown biological functions of TNFR2 by utilizing our protein engineering technology to generate functional mutant cytokines. Our findings reveal the following. (1) TNFR2 is expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs) but not conventional T cells (Tconvs) and TNFR2-mediated signals promote proliferation and activation of Tregs. (2) The crystal structure of TNF/TNFR2 complex was solved, which suggests a possible signal initiation mechanism via TNF/TNFR2 cluster formation on the cellular membrane. (3) A novel TNFR2-mediated signal molecule, aminopeptidase P3 (APP3/XPNPEP3), was identified that interacts with TNFR2 as an intracellular adaptor protein. APP3 is required for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, the downstream molecule of TNFR2 signal transduction. These results are key to understanding the mechanism of immune regulation and will assist in the identification of immunomodulatory drugs targeting the TNFR2 signaling cascade as well as the function of Tregs.

著者

山田 浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.142, no.12, pp.1371-1377, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

30

---

Green tea components, such as catechins have been reported to provide several benefits including anti-oxidative, anti-viral/bacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Catechins effectively inhibited the adsorption and replication of the influenza virus. Additionally, green tea contains theanine and vitamin C, which enhance the immunity against viral/bacterial infections. Based on these, green tea is hypothesized to have potential benefits in the prevention of influenza and other respiratory tract infections in the clinical setting. However, its specific effects in patients remain unclear. To determine the clinical significance of green tea in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, we conducted an observational study and eight interventional studies. Based on the results of three studies, consuming or gargling green tea or its components significantly aided in the prevention of influenza. Meanwhile, one study showed that green tea successfully prevented common colds. Catechin inhalation was also reported to decrease the bacterial load of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the sputum. Although the anti-viral/anti-bacterial effects of green tea components have been demonstrated in experimental studies, the clinical evidence remains limited. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical efficacy of green tea and its components in preventing respiratory tract infections.

著者

宮田(古谷) 聡美 河野 惠三 森元 崇史 原島 哲 岩田 裕子 有安 利夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-00219, (Released:2022-02-28)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

---

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels are expressed and play functional roles in various immune cells. Physical stimuli leading to TRPV2 activation causes mast cell degranulation. Besides their roles in immune cells, it has been shown that TRPV2 channels are pathophysiologically relevant to degenerative muscular diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. Hence, development of drug candidates that inhibit human TRPV2 activation is an urgent matter. NK-4, a cryptocyanine dye, inhibited agonist-induced TRPV2 activity in mouse TRPV2-transfected HEK293 cells. However, it remains unclear whether NK-4 exerts regulatory effects on the activation of human TRPV2 channels. In this study, we show that NK-4 inhibits intracellular Ca2+ increase in human TRPV2-transfected HEK293 cells preactivated with a TRPV2 agonist. The inhibitory effect of NK-4 (IC50 = 0.27 μM) on human TRPV2 activation was 74-fold stronger than that on mouse TRPV2 activation (IC50 = 20 μM). NK-4 also inhibited the agonist-induced TRPV2 expression at the plasma membrane, when the human TRPV2-expressing cells were stimulated with the agonist in the presence of NK-4. These results suggest that NK-4 abrogates the agonist-induced signaling events leading to human TRPV2 activation. Furthermore, TRPV2 agonist caused degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells, which represents a phenomenon related to physical urticarias. NK-4 suppressed the release of β-hexosaminidases upon degradation with IC50 of 1.9 μM, 35-fold lower than that determined with an anti-allergic drug, Epinastine. Our results suggest that NK-4 would be a potential therapeutic strategy to resolve dilated cardiomyopathy and its associated heart failure as well as physical urticarias.

著者

柳 奈津代 佐藤 宏樹 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.9, pp.1095-1107, 2021-09-01 (Released:2021-09-01)

参考文献数

24

---

The difficulty and anxiety of nursery staff in administering medication to children at nursery schools has been reported, and its reduction is desired. However, the attitudes of mothers in requesting medication and the factors related to a high frequency of requests are not clear. We conducted an online survey of 600 mothers from April to May 2019 regarding the administration of medication at nursery school, and 301 mothers who had previously made such requests were analyzed. The results showed that 100.0% and 76.4% of the mothers felt gratitude and were apologetic for requesting medicine administration, respectively. In total, 47.5% of mothers expected pharmacists to support nursery staff in administering medication. Mothers' attitude of “I think the nursery staff should administer medication to my child more often” was significantly positively associated with a high frequency of the request in adjusted Model [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-5.55, p=0.005], while “I think the parents should manage so that the children do not have to take medicine in the nursery school so often” showed a negative association (AOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.17-0.66, p=0.002). Factors related to the involvement of community pharmacists were not significant. It is suggested that a change in mothers' attitudes could decrease the frequency of requests and consequently reduce the burden on nursery staff. Community pharmacists may support nursery staff to contribute to changing mothers' attitudes through medication consultations at the pharmacy.

著者

内野 正 竹澤 俊明 五十嵐 良明 徳永 裕司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.1, pp.45-50, 2008-01-01 (Released:2008-01-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

7 8

---

Recently, to study an in vitro evaluation method of skin irritation and acute toxicity, many three-dimensional human skin models consisting of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts have been used. However, these skin models did not have any dendritic cells so were difficult to apply to an in vitro skin sensitization test. On the other hand, a single cell-culture model using normal human dendritic cells was recently studied for an in vitro evaluation method of immune-sensitizing compounds. However, these models have various problems: 1) the life span of dendritic cells is short(within 1 week) and 2) it is difficult to apply water-insoluble samples to these models. To study an alternative to animal testing using immune-sensitizing compounds, we therefore constructed a three-dimensional human skin model consisting of three different cells, dendritic cells (keratinocytes, and fibroblasts) then exposed immune-sensitizing compounds and non-sensitizers to the new skin model for 1 h and investigated the effect of these compounds on cytokine release and expression of CD86. Due to immune-sensitizing compounds, the new skin model significantly released cytokine and significantly expressed CD86. On the other hand, non-sensitizers did not induce IL-1α, IL-2, and IL- 4 release and expression of CD86. These results suggest that the new skin model is suitable for study as an alternative to animal testing using immune-sensitizing compounds.

著者

緒方 文彦 東 剛志

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.3, pp.269-270, 2018 (Released:2018-03-01)

著者

比留間 航 駿河 康平 門倉 一成 富田 剛 関野 芳弘 小松 靖弘 木村 公彦 小野 信文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.5, pp.487-491, 2013-05-01 (Released:2013-05-01)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

5 5

---

Cancer is the most common cause of death in Japan. Fundamental and clinical studies on cancer were conducted from the viewpoint of Western medicine so far. However, a sustained complete remission has not been achieved yet. In order to alleviate the side effects of anticancer drugs, some traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines) have been prescribed to cancer patients. We have been studying on antitumor substances in medicinal herbs and found an antitumor medicinal herb named Rhus verniciflua (lacquer, Urushi in Japanese). To investigate the antitumor effect in vitro, a plant extract mixture was prepared from six medicinal herbs containing lacquer. The plant extract mixture containing lacquer (Rv-PEM) inhibited the proliferation of several mouse and human tumor cell lines. Rv-PEM had more potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human leukemia cell lines (MOLT-3, KG-1) than on other tumor cell lines. The IC50 values of Rv-PEM on MOLT-3 and KG-1 cells were 0.208 and 0.293 mg/mL, respectively. After treating Rv-PEM to the tumor cells, DNA fragmentation and Caspase-3 and -9 activity increased in the treated cells. The mechanisms of the inhibitory proliferation activity of Rv-PEM would involve apoptosis of human leukemia cells (MOLT-3, KG-1, K-562) by the mitochondrial pathway.

著者

石黒 武雄 古賀 直文 高村 恭治 丸山 哲生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.7, pp.781-785, 1955-07-25 (Released:2010-02-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

8 8

---

The flowers of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. var. aurantiacus Makino were soaked in petroleum ether immediately after collection, digested for one week, and filtered with pressing. The aqueous layer of the filtrate was extracted with ether. The residual flowers were then digested with warm dehydrated ethanol for 16 hours.1) The portion soluble in petroleum ether is composed of concretes amounting to 0.214% of the original flowers and its treatment with cold dehydrated ethanol separates it into 0.163% of absolutes and 0.043% of flower wax, which is chiefly composed of triacontane, C30H62.2) The ether solution was chromatographically purified and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol C8H10O2, was isolated.3) The ethanol-soluble portion yielded D-mannitol.4) The water-soluble portion was fractionated with lead acetate and basic lead acetate. D-Mannitol was isolated from the filtrate and the presence of D-glucose and D-fructose was detected by paper chromatography. The precipitate obtained by lead acetate and the portion soluble in ethanol, yielded succinic acid.

著者

増田 悦男 西田 欽治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.10, pp.952-965, 1934-10-26 (Released:2009-10-22)

参考文献数

13

著者

内山 奈穂子 宮澤 法政 河村 麻衣子 花尻(木倉) 瑠理 合田 幸広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.2, pp.263-270, 2010-02-01 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

14 16

---

Thirty-two psychotropic substances were listed as designated substances (Shitei-Yakubutsu, 31 compounds and 1 plant) in Japan by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law in April 2007 for preventing the abuse of these substances. Subsequently, other psychoactive compounds were also added to this category, 40 substances (classified as 12 tryptamines, 17 phenethylamines, 3 piperazines, 6 alkyl nitrites, 1 diterpene and 1 plant) are controlled as designated substances as of July 2009. However, new designer drugs are still distributed in illegal drug market according to the results of our annual survey. This study presents the analysis of four newly distributed designer drugs detected from two products, which were purchased from October 2008 to February 2009 in Japan. As the results of NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS analyses, three phenethylamine derivertives, 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine (N-Me-2-FMP), 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropylsulfanylphenyl)propan-2-amine (ALEPH-4) and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-amine (DON) and a tryptamine derivative, N-ethyl-5-methoxy-N-propyltryptamine (5-MeO-EPT), were detected. N-Me-2-FMP and 5-MeO-EPT were newly identified in this study. Additionally, ALEPH-4 and DON were found as novel illegal drugs distributed in Japan.