著者

後藤 正光 丸山 実博 北館 健太郎 桐沢 力雄 小幡 祐路 小岩 政照 岩井 浤

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.6, pp.437-441, 1997-06-25

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

6

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ウシIL-1β特異的サンドイッチELISAを用いて, 臨床的に異常のないホルスタイン種乳牛の血清と乳汁および新生仔牛の血清中のIL-1β濃度を測定した. 人工授精時にほとんど検出されなかったIL-1βは妊娠の進行に伴い徐々に増加し, 妊娠後期から分娩時にかけほとんどの母牛血清中に比較的高濃度のIL-1βが検出され, 分娩後低下し検出レベル以下になった. 乳汁中IL-1βは分娩当日のものから検出されたが, 3日以降のものからは検出されなかった. RT-PCRで調べた乳汁内細胞のIL-1βmRNA発現も同様の変化を示した. 新生牛の血清中IL-1βは, 生後3日をピークとし14日までに消失する変化を示した. 生後3日にIL-1βが検出された子牛は, IL-1βが検出されなかった子牛に比べて, 高い濃度のIL-1βを含む初乳を飲んでいた. 以上の成績から, 健康な乳牛においてIL-1βは妊娠と関連して産生され, 新生仔に初乳を介して移行する可能性が示唆された.

著者

Weidong SUN Xu YANG Hengbin QIU Di ZHANG Huanan WANG Jian HUANG Degui LIN

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0044, (Released:2015-07-05)

被引用文献数

1 3

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The BRCA1 gene plays an important role in the development of human breast cancer, and recent research indicated that genetic variations of BRCA1 are also related to canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Here, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we cloned the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1. By direct sequencing of the flanking sequences of the 5′- and 3′-UTRs of BRCA1, three previously unreported single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, two (−1228T>C, −1173C>T) in the putative promoter regions and one non-synonymous SNP (63449G>A) in exon 23. Compared with 16 normal samples, the sequences from 34 CMTs suggested that SNP (−1173C>T) was associated with the development of CMTs (odds ratio (OR)=2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–6.15).

著者

Kang Ji-Houn Chang Dongwoo Lee Young Won NA Ki-Jeong YANG Mhan-Pyo

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.7, pp.751-754, 2007-07-25

被引用文献数

3

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4歳,雄,体重27kgのラブラドルレトリーバーが,突然,精神遅滞や旋回運動,頭部を押付けるといった臨床徴候を呈した.この犬は水を好んで摂取することはなく,無敗症が持続し,人工的な高塩素血症を伴った高ナトリウム血症がみられた.一連の内分泌検査と画像検査所見から,甲状腺機能低下症が示唆され,脳脊髄液と血清からは抗甲状腺抗体の存在が明らかになった.レポチロキシンナトリウムを投与したところ,神経徴候は処置後1週以内に軽減され,無敗症も解消した.

著者

Mitsuhiro IRIE Yoshinori TAKEUCHI Yuzo OHTAKE Hitomi SUZUKI Nao NAGATA Takuma MIYOSHI Yumiko KAGAWA Tetsushi YAMAGAMI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0096, (Released:2015-06-12)

被引用文献数

2 21

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A 13-year-old spayed mixed-breed dog was diagnosed with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) after histopathological examination of an abdominal mass. Five months after surgical resection of the tumor, we detected the recurrence of GIST with multiple disseminated abdominal lesions. A sequence analysis of cDNA obtained from a biopsy of the recurrent tumors revealed a mutation within exon 9 of the c-kit gene (1523A>T, Asn508Ile), which has been shown to cause ligand-independent phosphorylation of the KIT protein in GISTs and canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). Upon detection of the recurrent tumors, we initiated treatment with imatinib mesylate (10 mg/kg, q 24 hr). After 2 months, the dog achieved complete remission. Our findings indicate that canine GIST, and possibly MCT, may be responsive to molecular-targeted therapy.

著者

Masaya IGASE Kenji BABA Takako SHIMOKAWA-MIYAMA Shunsuke NOGUCHI Takuya MIZUNO Masaru OKUDA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0180, (Released:2015-06-11)

被引用文献数

5

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A 6-year-old spayed female Jack Russell Terrier presented with a 1-month history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and weight loss. The dog was fed beef and chicken jerky treats daily in addition to a commercial diet. Laboratory tests revealed azotemia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis, and glucosuria with normoglycemia. Urine amino acid analysis showed significant amino acid loss into the urine. Thus, Fanconi syndrome was diagnosed, and based on the case history and extensive diagnostic testing, excessive consumption of jerky treats was strongly suspected as the cause. Glucosuria resolved 7 days after the withdrawal of jerky treats and fluid therapy. Aminoaciduria was substantially, but not completely, improved 3 months after diagnosis. Mild azotemia remained, suggesting chronic renal disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Fanconi syndrome following the consumption of jerky treats in Japan.

著者

Seiya MAEHARA Yoshiki ITOH Sho HOSHINO Miri HAYASHI Yosuke ITO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0647, (Released:2015-06-13)

被引用文献数

4

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dark adaptation time in canine electroretinography (ERG) using a contact lens electrode with a built-in LED. Twelve eyes of six normal laboratory beagle dogs were used and exposed to steady room light at 500 lux for 30 min for light adaption. ERG was recorded at different time points during dark adaptation in sedated and light-adapted beagles. The stimulus intensity was 0.0096 cd/m2/sec. The b-wave amplitude increased significantly until 25 min of dark adaptation, whereas no significant changes in amplitudes were observed after 30 min. Dark adaptation for more than 25 min would be necessary for accurate ERG in canine ERG using a contact lens electrode with a built-in LED.

著者

枝村 一弥 那須 広子 岩見 有紀子 西村 亮平 小川 博之 佐々木 伸雄 大河原 久子

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.129-135, 2004-02-25

被引用文献数

2

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日本の各品種の豚における豚内在性レトロウイルス(PERV) proviral DNAの感染状況をPCRにて調査した.また,豚膵内分泌細胞(PE-cell)を含むバイオ人工膵島(Bio-AEP)を異種移植された実験的糖尿病犬の末梢血および脾臓を用いて,その感染の可能性をPCRおよびRT-PCRを用いて確認した.その結果,日本にいる各豚品種のすべてにPERV Oroviral DNAが検出され,今回用いた培養PE-cellにもPERV Oroviral DNAとmRNAの発現を認めた.しかし,PE-cellを異種移植したいずれの犬おいてもPERVのマイクロキメリズム,感染およびウイルス血症は認められなかった.したがって,免疫抑制剤を用いずにPE-cellの入った拡散チャンバー型Bio-AEPを移植した場合,PERV感染の可能性は極めて低いことが示唆された.

著者

Takafumi SUZUKI Naohito NISHII Satoshi TAKASHIMA Tatsuya MATSUBARA Atsushi IWASAWA Hirofumi TAKEUCHI Kohei TAHARA Tatsuyuki HACHISU Hitoshi KITAGAWA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0131, (Released:2015-06-09)

被引用文献数

1

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Polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibodies against insulin have been identified in sera of healthy cats. We purified and fractionated insulin-binding IgGs from cat sera by affinity chromatography and analyzed affinity of insulin-binding IgGs for insulin and their epitopes. Following the passing of fraction A, which did not bind to insulin, insulin-binding IgGs were eluted into two fractions, B and C, by affinity chromatography using a column fixed with bovine insulin. Dissociation constant (KD) values between insulin-binding IgGs and insulin, determined by surface plasmon resonance analysis (Biacore™system), were 1.64e−4 M for fraction B (low affinity IgGs) and 2e−5 M for fraction C (high affinity IgGs). Epitope analysis was conducted using 16 peptide fragments synthesized in concord with the amino acid sequence of feline insulin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fractions B and C showed higher absorbance (affinity) of the peptide fragment of 10 amino acid residues at the carboxyl-terminal of the B chain (peptide No. 19), followed by peptide fragments of 6 to 15 amino acid residues of the B chain (peptide No. 8). Fraction C showed a higher absorbance to 7 to 16 amino acid residues of the B chain (peptide No. 5) compared with the absorbance of fraction B. Polyclonal insulin-binding IgGs may form a macromolecule complex with insulin through the multiple affinity sites of IgG molecules. Feline insulin-binding IgGs are multifocal and may be composed of multiple IgG components and insulin.

著者

Mariko OISHI Koichi OHNO Toru SATO Takashi TAMAMOTO Hideyuki KANEMOTO Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0149, (Released:2015-06-05)

被引用文献数

1 2

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Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (Spec fPL) is currently considered to be the most accurate blood test for the diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. In this study, we measured lipase activity in cats using a newer catalytic lipase assay of dry-chemistry system (FDC-v-LIP) to determine the reference range and compared the results with those for Spec fPL. Based on the results of healthy cats, the reference range of FDC-v-LIP was determined to be less than 30 U/l. FDC-v-lip did not show a strong correlation with Spec fPL in cats with various diseases, which resulted in the low sensitivity and positive predictive value. However, the relatively high (>90%) specificity and negative predictive value indicated that FDC-v-LIP could be a useful patient-side screening test for the exclusion of feline pancreatitis.

著者

Daiki KATO Mariko OISHI Koichi OHNO Ko NAKASHIMA Atsuhito WADA Tatsushi MORITA Soichi IMAI Masaya TSUBOI James Kenn CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0158, (Released:2015-06-05)

被引用文献数

1 6

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Ollulanus tricuspis is a small nematode parasite of the stomach, and its infection has been reported worldwide in cats but only one report in dogs as post-mortem diagnosis. Two dogs, kept in the Tokyo area, were presented for chronic vomiting. Chronic gastritis was diagnosed histologically, and many nematodes were detected in endoscopically-biopsied gastric samples and in the mucus of vomitus in both dogs. The parasites were small (<1 mm), and their morphological characteristics were consistent with those previously reported for O. tricuspis. The symptoms in one dog completely disappeared after anthelmintic therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing ante-mortem diagnosis of spontaneous gastric O. tricuspis infection in dogs in which infectivity and pathogenicity of the nematode are suggested.

著者

Young Tae PARK Shozo OKANO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0687, (Released:2015-05-31)

被引用文献数

11

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We investigated the influence of pneumoperitoneum#(PP) and postural change under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane, which is routinely used in dogs, on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. As test animals, 6 adult beagles were used. To induce anesthesia, atropine, butorphanol and propofol were intravenously injected. Anesthesia was maintained with 1.3 MAC (1.7%) isoflurane. The following were the experiment conditions: I:E ratio, 1:1.9; tidal air exchange, 20 ml/kg; and ventilation frequency, 14 times/min. Respiration was regulated so that the PaCO2 was approximately 35 to 40 mmHg before the start of the experiment. PP with CO2 (intraperitoneal pressure 15 mmHg) and a postural change (15 degrees) was performed during the experiment. As parameters of circulatory kinetics, heart rate (HR), mean aortic pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), central venous pressure (CVP), femoral venous pressure (FVP), and cardiac output (CO) were measured. As parameters of respiratory kinetics, airway pressure (PAW) and blood gas (BG) were measured. There were significant increases in HR, MAP, MPAP, CVP, FVP, CO, PAW and PaCO2 after PP in the horizontal position. There were significant increases in CVP, FVP, PAW and PaCO2 after PP in the Trendelenburg position. There were significant increases in the MPAP, CVP, FVP, PAW and PaCO2 after PP in the inverse Trendelenburg position. There was a significant difference in FVP after PP between the Trendelenburg position and inverse Trendelenburg position. The results of this experiment suggest that appropriate anesthesia control such as changing the ventilation conditions after PP is required for laparoscopic surgery under inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane.

著者

小倉 知子 昆 泰寛 小沼 操 近藤 高志 橋本 善春 杉村 誠

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

日本獣医学雑誌 (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.59-66, 1993-02-15

被引用文献数

2

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ニワトリのリンパ組織におけるT Cell Subsetsの分布をCD4, CD8に相当するモノクローナル抗体を用いて免疫組織化学的に検討した. 胸腺においてCD8^+細胞は皮質にのみ認められ, 一方CD4^+細胞は皮質のみならず髄質にも認められた. 被膜直下の皮質細胞は両抗体に反応しなかった. 盲腸扁桃においてCD8^+細胞は固有層浅層に限局し, 固有層中層ないし深層では多数のCD4^+細胞が胚中心を囲むように存在していた. 脾臓においてCD8^+細胞は赤脾髄にのみ存在し, CD4^+細胞は動脈周囲リンパ組織ならびに静脈周囲リンパ組織に認められた. 胚中心内にこれら抗体に反応するリンパ球は認められなかった. 骨髄ならびにファブリキウス嚢に反応は認められなかった. 夕ンパク抗原(みょうばん沈澱ウシ血清アルブミン)投与実験によって, CD4^+細胞が胚中心内に認められ, 一方CD8陽性を示す細胞は赤脾髄領域から減少した. これらの結果はニワトリのリンパ組織におけるT Cell Subsetsが明らかな住み分けをしていることを示すものと思われる.

著者

Donato Antonio RAELE Domenico GALANTE Maria Assunta CAFIERO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0145, (Released:2015-05-22)

被引用文献数

2

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In June 2014, a male stray dog was recovered at Ente Nazionale di Protezione Animali (ENPA) kennel of Manfredonia, Apulia region, showing oral bleeding and physical prostration. The dog fell in a water canal and was trapped. During the clinical examination, a specimen of leech was revealed into its oral cavity. The parasite, probably entered by drinking unfiltered and contaminated water, has been identified as an adult of aquatic leech Limnatis nilotica. Leeches could overrun wide variety of animals, and few reports about blood sucking leech infestations in mammals are available in literature. This paper describes here the first oral hirudiniasis in a dog in Italy and highlights the possibility of human nasopharyngeal leech-related infection in Apulia region.

著者

Kazuhiro WATANABE Kotaro HAYASHI Saku KIJIMA Chie NONAKA Kazuaki YAMAZOE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0193, (Released:2015-05-21)

被引用文献数

1 8

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In this study, scaling, polishing and daily tooth brushing were performed in 20 beagle dogs, and the number of oral bacteria was determined using a bacterial counter. The dogs were randomized into the scaling (S), scaling + polishing (SP), scaling + tooth daily brushing (SB) and scaling + polishing + tooth daily brushing (SPB) groups. Samples were collected from the buccal surface of the maxillary fourth premolars of the dogs immediately after scaling and every week thereafter from weeks 1 to 8. Throughout the study, the number of bacteria was significantly lower in the SB and SPB groups compared with the S group. The findings suggest that daily tooth brushing inhibited oral bacterial growth in the dogs.

著者

Takeshi YOSHINARI Thillaiampalam SIVAKUMAR Masahito ASADA Badgar BATTSETSEG Xiaohong HUANG Dinh Thi Bich LAN Tawin INPANKAEW Adrian P. YBAÑEZ Andy ALHASSAN Oriel M. M. THEKISOE Alan Caine Costa DE MACEDO Hisashi INOKUMA Ikuo IGARASHI Naoaki YOKOYAMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.211-214, 2013 (Released:2013-03-01)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6 21

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Babesia ovata is a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan parasite that infects cattle. In our study, bovine blood samples (n=2,034) were collected from 10 different countries (Brazil, China, Ghana, Japan, Mongolia, the Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam) and DNA extracted. The DNA samples were screened using an established and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) gene. Parasite DNA was detected among samples collected from Japan, Mongolia and Thailand. Sequence analyses confirmed that the PCR assay detected only B. ovata AMA-1, and that amplicons from different geographical locations were conserved. Our findings highlight the importance of designing adequate strategies to control B. ovata infection in Japan, Mongolia, and Thailand.

著者

Kazuki OKADA Shinjiro AMANO Yoshio KAWAMURA Yumiko KAGAWA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0177, (Released:2015-05-11)

被引用文献数

7

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An 8-year-old, spayed, female Shiba dog was presented to a referring veterinarian with a complaint of chronic diarrhea and anorexia. Ultrasound and radiographs revealed an irregular mass in the pelvic cavity. The mass and the affected section of colon were surgically removed. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal coalescing granulomas and effaced intestinal structures. Central necrotic debris surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils was observed. Numerous, irregularly branched hyphae with pale basophilic, thin walls and occasional bulbous enlargements at the tips were present. Polymerase chain reaction identified Basidiobolus ranarum, successfully confirming a definitive diagnosis of basidiobolomycosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of intestinal basidiobolomycosis in a dog.

著者

Masahiro MIYABE Azusa GIN Eri ONOZAWA Mana DAIMON Hana YAMADA Hitomi ODA Akihiro MORI Yutaka MOMOTA Daigo AZAKAMI Ichiro YAMAMOTO Mariko MOCHIZUKI Toshinori SAKO Katsutoshi TAMURA Katsumi ISHIOKA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0031, (Released:2015-05-10)

被引用文献数

2 11

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G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 is an unsaturated fatty acid receptor, which is associated with various physiological functions. It is reported that the genetic variant of GPR120, p.Arg270His, is detected more in obese people, and this genetic variation functionally relates to obesity in humans. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder also in dogs, but the genetic factors have not ever been identified in dogs. In this study, we investigated the molecular structure of canine GPR120 and searched for candidate genetic variants which may relate to obesity in dogs. Canine GPR120 was highly homologous to those of other species, and seven transmembrane domains and two N-glycosylation sites were conserved. GPR120 mRNA was expressed in lung, jejunum, ileum, colon, hypothalamus, hippocampus, spinal cord, bone marrow, dermis and white adipose tissues in dogs, as those in mice and humans. Genetic variants of GPR120 were explored in client-owned 141 dogs, resulting in that 5 synonymous and 4 non-synonymous variants were found. The variant c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) was found in 40 dogs, and the gene frequency was significantly higher in dogs with higher body condition scores, i.e. 0.320 in BCS4-5 dogs, 0.175 in BCS3 dogs and 0.000 in BCS2 dogs. We conclude that c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) is a candidate variant relating to obesity, which may be helpful for nutritional management of dogs.

著者

北尾 直也 八幡 剛浩 松本 孝朗 岡松(小倉) 優子 大町 麻子 木村 和弘 斉藤 昌之

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.10, pp.1065-1068, 2007-10-25

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脱共役蛋白質UCP1は熱産生組織である褐色脂肪に特異的に発現し,寒冷下における体温調節に寄与している.高原性ナキウサギ(Ochotona dauurica)はモンゴルや中国北方の寒冷高地帯に生息する小型の非冬眠動物であり,同環境への適応にUCP1の関与が示唆されている.本研究では,高原性ナキウサギのUCP1 cDNAをクローニングし,ヌクレオチド配列を決定した.予想されるアミノ酸配列は他の動物種のUCP1と高い相同性を示し,UCPファミリーに共通するいくつかの配列が確認された.また,様々な組織におけるUCP1 mRNAおよび蛋白質を調べたところ,肩甲骨間の皮下脂肪組織に発現が認められたが,他の部位の脂肪組織や心臓,骨格筋,脳などには発現が認められなかった.これらの結果は,高原性ナキウサギのUCP1が褐色脂肪組織での熱産生に貢献していることを示唆する.

著者

Naoaki YAMADA Takashi KITAMORI Fumiyo KITAMORI Kanako ISHIGAMI Koji IWANAGA Taiki ITOU Ryosuke KOBAYASHI Shino KUMABE Takuya DOI Junko SATO Yumi WAKO Minoru TSUCHITANI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0513, (Released:2015-05-08)

被引用文献数

2

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A 7-year-old female boxer dog died suddenly without any clinical signs. It was suspected that the dog had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) due to ventricular premature complexes and ventricular tachycardia at 3 years of age. The final diagnosis of ARVC was confirmed by histological characteristics, such as loss of cardiocytes and fibrofatty replacement, occurring in the right and left ventricular walls. In the cardiocytes, non-lipid vacuoles were observed. Cardiac fibrosis and intimal thickening of the small arteries occurred without fatty replacement in the inner muscle layer including the papillary muscles of the left ventricular wall. This paper describes the pathomorphological details of an ARVC case with coincidental cardiac fibrosis in the inner muscle layer of the left ventricular wall.

著者

遠藤 秀紀 木村 順平 押尾 龍夫 STAFFORD Brian J. RERKAMNUAYCHOKE Worawut 西田 隆雄 佐々木 基樹 林田 明子 林 良博

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.11, pp.1179-1183, 2003-11-25

被引用文献数

5 12

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ホオアカカオナガリス(Dremomys rufigenis)について,マレーシア(半島部)集団,ベトナム(南部)・ラオス集団,タイ(北部)集団の頭蓋骨標本を用い,地理的変異と機能形態学的適応を骨計測学的に検討した.その結果,南部集団は北部の二集団より基本的にサイズが大きかった.プロポーション値の検討から,マレーシア集団では内臓頭蓋が吻尾方向に長く,ベトナム・ラオス集団とタイ集団では眼窩の距離が短いことが明らかになった.マレーシア集団の長い鼻部と側方に向いた眼窩は地上性・食虫性により適応し,眼窩が吻側に向くことで他の二集団で強化される両眼視はより樹上性・果実食性適応の程度が高いことが示唆された.一方,主成分分析の結果から,マレーシア集団とほかの二集団は明確に区別され,この頭蓋形態の集団間の変異には,クラ地峡による生物地理学的隔離が影響していることが推測された.