著者

山口 潔子 布野 修司 安藤 正雄 脇田 祥尚 柳沢 究

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.553, pp.209-215, 2002

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Vigan is one of the most preserved Spanish colonial towns in the Philippines. With numerous historical buildings and houses, UNESCO registered Vigan as the World Heritage in December 1999. As an entrepot flourished by Chinese mestizo residents, Vigan forms an amalgam of native, Chinese and Spanish cultural landscape. The public spaces such as the poblacion (city center) strongly reflects Leyes de Indias (Laws of Indies): plaza surrounded by cathedral, convent, city hall, and relatively grid street pattern. Yet, deviation from the Spanish colonial city planning concept is visible, in comprising two main plazas, and in the indistinct racial residential separation. The paper is composed of : administration history of Vigan and the Philippines ;reference to the Leves de Indias colonial law and other Hispanized towns ; and considerations on block formation, road width, and lot division in Vigan. In conclusion, this paper proposes 3×3 block subdivision style and the modified use of Spanish module svstem in Vigan.

著者

川島 智生

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.492, pp.223-230, 1997-02-28 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

1 2

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As the result of study on characteristics in architecture of schools at the middle of Meiji Era, a knowledge was acquired as follows. 1) Since 1893. a large number of schools were built. The reason for it was considered the revival of school district system. 2) Some kinds of shapes of ground plan are based on model plans designed by the municipality. 3) Two styles of designs are mentioned as followed. One is Nagayamon-style, and the other is Jpanese-style, which was put into two types, Gottengakko style and the style adopted partially at entrance. 4) Thanks to the school district system, they were free to adopt the style of palace, samurai-residence, and feudal schools. 5) The design of Gottengakko was concerned with architects belonging to Osaka Prefecture.

著者

鶴田 佳子 佐藤 圭二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.470, pp.149-159, 1995

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 1

---

Almost all major cities in Japan applied the land readjustment projects for their urbanization mainly under Article 12 of the City Planning Act of 1919 during the early period of modern city planning. Such cities as Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya aimed to provide infrastructure and to practice detailed district plans by "private" land readjustment projects under Article 12, which were approved by the local government to landowners' associations. In Osaka and Nagoya, these projects were effectively executed with city-wide urban planning and positive public support. Contrarily, the projects under Article 12 in Kobe were merely for suburban development.

著者

籔谷 祐介 中原 宏

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.740, pp.2661-2671, 2017 (Released:2017-10-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5 4

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Community action groups are expected as new groups to support the life of the community instead of territorial groups. In recent years, “Community design” that the expert support to forming community action groups to solve regional problems is getting a lot of attention. It is important for community designer to select the action type of the groups taking the motivations of members to participate into consideration. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between the motivations of members to participate community action groups and action types of the groups through the comparison between “action type of player” and “action type of area manager”. “Action type of player” is an action type of the group to act oneself as a player to creative a new social action, and “action type of area manager” is an action type of the group to make a place, system and opportunity for player to act to change the area. First, We made 32-items scale of motivations of members to participate community action groups in reference to scale of motivations to participate volunteer activities (Table2). We performed the questionnaire survey by using the scale targeting 153 members in 10 groups. By factor analysis using answers to the questionnaire, it was clarified that the motivations to participate community action groups is composed of the following 8 factors: “self-growth needs” factor, “desire for social contribution” factor, “belongingness and interaction needs” factor, “having spare time” factor, “desire to return for kindness ” factor, “desire to help family” factor, “desire to get evaluation in the society” factor and “desire for recognition from others” factor (Table3). Second, the motivations of members in 10 groups were classified as follows: “type of using spare time”, “type of desire for recognition from others” and “type of self-actualization needs”(Fig. 2). In “type of using spare time”, there were tendencies to be a lot of members in their 20's or younger, 60's or older, and without occupation. They had motivations to want to get evaluation in the society and to do what was useful for family. In “type of desire for recognition from others”, there were tendencies to be a lot of members in their 40's, self-employed workers and public servants. They had motivations to want to return for kindness of others and to be needed by them. In “type of self-actualization needs”, there were tendencies to be a lot of professional members. They had intrinsic motivations to want to make better community by using professional skill, to grow and to enjoy acting with other members. Third, we investigated the relationship between the motivations to participate the groups and their action types. The result was that there were tendencies to be a lot of members of “type of using spare time” and “type of desire for recognition from others” in the groups of “action type of player” and to be a lot of members of “type of self-actualization needs” in the groups of “action type of area manager”(Fig. 4). In other words, it was clarified that most of members in the groups of “action type of player” had extrinsic motivations, but on the other hand most of members in the groups of “action type of area manager” had intrinsic motivations.

著者

加藤 瞭 後藤 春彦 吉江 俊

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.730, pp.2741-2751, 2016 (Released:2016-12-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3 4

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Currently a type of outdoor advertisement, which cannot be truly defined as outdoor advertisement, is partially constructing the street landscape of commercial districts. In this study this type of advertisement is labeled as “semi outdoor advertisement”. Taking the commercial district of Ginza as a subject of research, this study will enable one to understand the character and display methods of “semi outdoor advertisement” in urban landscapes by comparing it to conventional outdoor advertisement. To arrive at a representative comparison the following 3 steps are carried out: (1.) Based on the elements of streetscapes, the 179 streets of the Ginza district are categorized into 8 different types, which can promote clear understanding of Ginza's spatial structure. (2.) By conducting a mesh analysis of the street facades as well as research on the existing conditions of advertisement installations, the amount of existing outdoor advertisement and “semi outdoor advertisement” will be quantitatively revealed. (3.) By sampling all advertisements in the streetscapes, several groups were extracted, according to their forms and information. Based on this research, advertisements in streets differ in forms and their information, which can be recognized as the difference of scenery within Ginza. Those analyses can be suggestive in order to understand regional characteristics created by streetscapes. In addition, it was revealed that near about half of the advertisement constructing streetscape within commercial districts are “semi outdoor advertisement” which cannot be regulated as outdoor advertisement. These “semi outdoor advertisement” will get more influence in streetscape and cannot be ignored, since they are increasing disorderly. These changes transform the urban informational environment, by changing the characteristics of media information and installation of advertisements. Therefore towards the streetscape maintenance in present commercial districts, it is necessary to position “semi outdoor advertisement” as the candidate of streetscape design control. In order to be able to control the design of commercial districts this study also makes evident the imperative to develop guidelines, which regulate the use of “semi outdoor advertisement”, to maintain the landscape. Furthermore, from the perspective of landscape conception, additional guidelines to make adequate use of the merits of “semi outdoor advertisement” will be necessary. In the future, we should deal with not only outdoor advertisement but “semi outdoor advertisement” in law and cityscape ordinance and hold design discussions about “semi outdoor advertisement”.

著者

土屋 直人 西山 哲雄 早見 洋平 土本 俊和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.594, pp.155-162, 2005-08-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

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This paper traces one of the wooden tiled roofs called Toribuki. Toribuki fixes wooden tiles to a roof by means not by pegs or strings but by stones, bamboos or logs. Each wooden tile is not planed and uniform, and is easily replaced for a very short time and finally used as fuel. Today the remains of Toribuki almost disappeared except some properties. Yet, the term dates from late medieval and the examples date from the late ancient. Toribuki could be seen both in the lower-class buildings and in the attached small buildings particularly completed by no craftsmen.

著者

松永 直美 矢吹 信喜 亀山 勇一 福田 知弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.728, pp.2317-2326, 2016

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&nbsp;This study was conducted to consider the factors related to change in Noh stage style using <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>> (<i>johakyu</i> five parts), which was established by Zeami (1363-1443) as &ldquo;The grammar of Noh.&rdquo; To this end, we examined the relations between Noh stage (<i>jo</i> zone, <i>ha</i> zone, and <i>kyu</i> zone) and musical accompaniment and dancing by employing three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) and statistical methods.<br>&nbsp;Research was conducted with emphasis on the relation between the following two points as a method to clarify the factors of change in Noh stage after Zeami&rsquo;s time. 1) Zeami changed ancient Chinese three-part <<i>johakyu</i>> to the five-part style of <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>>, incorporated it into Noh scripts with dancing, chanting, and musical accompaniment, and formulated the basic principle: &ldquo;The grammar of Noh.&rdquo; 2) Areas for <<i>johakyu</i>> exist on a Noh stage, each of which has a conventional direction method. It is designed to enhance stage effects to a great degree.<br>&nbsp;The following findings were obtained:<br>&nbsp;1. We tried to extract <<i>johakyu</i>> from data of small hand drums, shouts, and dancing. The results led us to observe the following characteristics of <<i>johakyu</i>>: &ldquo;The part of <i>jo</i> is light, and the expression is slightly rough, &rdquo; &ldquo;<i>Ha</i> delicately folds ups and down, adds a little relaxation, and keeps a moderate speed, &rdquo; and &ldquo;<i>Kyu</i> is very fast and tense, and the tempo becomes faster.&rdquo; Furthermore, in the part called &ldquo;<i>kuse</i>&rdquo; in which the most characteristic acting is performed in a Noh drama, the characteristics of <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>> were noticed clearly.<br>&nbsp;2. Results of statistical analysis revealed correlation existed between each zone and each area of <<i>johakyu</i>> of Noh stage and dancing and musical accompaniment (small hand drums and shouts) of <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>>. Therefore, we found that <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>> might be involved in change in Noh stage style.<br>&nbsp;Noh was mainly a Shinto ritual until the Heian period (794-1185). It had been developed and initiated by shrines and temples. After the Kamakura period (1185-1333), public entertainment such as <i>Kanjin</i> (temple solicitation)-Noh performance rose suddenly and reached its prime during the Muromachi period (1336-1573). Coupled with that, shoguns and court nobles came to play the role of Noh supporters instead of shrines and temples. <<<i>Johakyu go dan</i>>> was effective to attract shoguns and nobles with performance as seen in <i>Fushikaden</i> written by Zeami. It is considered that the construction of stage space was necessary to practice <<<i>johakyu go dan</i>>> effectively.

著者

丸山 奈巳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.674, pp.887-896, 2012-04-30 (Released:2012-07-02)

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In the Edo Period, the once-in-a-lifetime performances of noh required large spaces. In these cases, the sites of the theaters were usually built on open spaces intended as firebreak, controlled by the Fushin-bugyo. The Machi-bugyo had jurisdiction over the city area and Noh performances. During the performance, the jurisdiction of the open space shifted to the Machi-bugyo. Under the Machi-bugyo jurisdiction, the noh actor had to look after the site and the buildings during the performance period. The Shognate worked out systems to ensure the safety of the open spaces in the large city of Edo.

著者

植松 清志 中嶋 節子 谷 直樹

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.530, pp.221-227, 2000

参考文献数

50

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This study is intended to elucidate the situation with the early stage of the Osaka Kurayashiki of the Saga Feudal Clan, changes in the premises, the architectural configuration and functions. The specific situation with the Osaka Kurayashiki can be presumed from the Tamatsukuri yashiki built in 1597. This yashiki is confirmed to have existed by November 6, 1600, but its subsequent existence is unknown. In 1605, the existence of the Temma yashiki was found. This yashiki had the feudal lord's residence called "onyakata" and a rice granary. It provided the functions of the upper and lower yashiki. The onyakata in the Genroku era consisted of various spaces for reception of customers, living facilities, services, a public office, and other purposes. As it was extended or rebuilt several times, those spaces were reorganized and improved. At the onyakata in the Kyoho era, the apace for the reception of customers was established and the independence of the space for living facilities was achieved. For this Purpose, "mura (hamlet)" and "akichi (opening)" were laid out to identify the function of each space.

著者

是澤 紀子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.700, pp.1433-1439, 2014

被引用文献数

2

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Focusing on the early modern era when the "taboos" were established, this paper is to clarify the characteristics of landscape in shrine created by the tabooed land of Mt. Miwa from the perspective of the surrounding mountain forest, and landscapes in picture maps. At the same time as the major development of the Omiwa shrine in the Kanbun era (1661-73), taboos were established behind "Mitsu-Torii", and the area was classified as "Miwa Myojin Main Shrine Mountain". It shows that in that setting, from 1638 there was a view towards "Tomeyama" or the total protection of the entire mountain as, which at the same time was overlapping with a view towards the partial protection. Here we can see the condition of a multi-layered protection taking the shape, and already such an area could be seen in picture maps drawn before the establishment of the taboos.

著者

生田 尚志 堀越 まい 佐藤 将之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.777, pp.2363-2373, 2020 (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

12

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The operation of public facilities is increasingly outsourced to the private sector for cost reasons. On the other hand, the local government is the only organization that can involve in the local community permanently, but their role in facility management is not adequately discussed. We analyze human-environment transactions around public facility “Hacchi” and civic group “Machigumi” which are located in Hachinohe-City, and describe the patterns of civic engagement and the roles of local governments. In chapter 3, we analyze from a spatial perspective. First, we analyzed the use of the rental area of Hacchi and found that there was a difference of about 100m2 in the space between the independent business and the general public. On the other hand, about half of the events in Hacchi held by the general public. Secondly, we analyzed where exhibitors in Hacchi self-produced events participated from and found they joined from not only the central city area but also the other areas, including outside Aomori prefecture. Finally, we plotted on a map where Hacchi self-produced projects and Machigumi involved in. We found that Machigumi performed their activities in various places in the central city area. In contrast, Hacchi held their self-produced events in Hacchi. In Chapter 4, we analyzed the activities of “Machigumi,” focusing on two aspects: places and interaction. First, in their lab, members of Machigumi generally spent their time getting ready for events, communicating with each other, and enjoying various club activities. Outside their lab, they sell products, hold events, and participate in events hosted by other organizations. Also, their activities outside the laboratory divide into three cases performed in public facilities (e.g., Hacchi), open spaces, and private buildings. Furthermore, in a questionnaire survey for members of Machigumi, reasons for joining in Machigumi were not necessarily related to downtown revitalization. Most of the members join Machigumi to do what they want. In Chapter 5, Machigumi has to coordinate with the city government, building owners, residents before they work in the city. We analyzed those processes by using the social relationship diagram and summarize the subject and content of the first episode in each section to examine the trigger of events. As a result, the social relationship surrounding Machigumi changed over time; for example, the city government changed how to handle Machigumi. Also, citizens have been consulting with Machigumi gradually, and they put their consultation contents into activities and events in the city. In summary, Hacchi provides several patterns of civic engagement in their building, and Machigumi also provides more patterns in the central city area. These various patterns of civic engagement show the methods of downtown revitalization that the local governments achieve through the development and operation of base facilities when governments aim to revitalize their city comprehensively. Also, behind the fact that Machigumi is free to act, there is a device for management by Hacchi, such as an only annual activity report. These are the viewpoints to have when the local government considers planning of facility management.

著者

中村 肇 垣鍔 直 沖 允人

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.535, pp.1-7, 2000-09-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 2

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We conducted psychological evaluation experiments on preference for the color temperature by using a laboratory whose air temperature was regulated at a constant value. The experiments demonstrated that the air temperature to which the subjects were exposed was low, as in winter, a low color temperature was preferred. On the other hand, the air temperature was high, as in summer, a high color temperature was preferred. Accordingly, it is strongly expected that the color temperature preference for general lighting varies depending on the air temperature in the room.

著者

上田 恭嗣

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.529, pp.255-262, 2000-03-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

29

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This paper treats one of architectural works of Kazue Yakushiji (1884-1965) who had an active part in Okayama and Kurashiki under Magosaburou Oohara. He designed the Kurashiki-honmachi branch of Chugoku Bank and the former head office of Chugoku Bank, which are the most important works, before and after the tour in Europe and America. This paper compares the two from the viewpoint of changing his representation of design and evaluates the Art Deco style in the interior design of the former head office of Chugoku Bank that has been unknown. And it also proves a Japanese architect used the Art Deco style in the 1920s in Okayama.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.750, pp.1533-1542, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

38

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Hisao Nakaza was one of a handful of architects who contributed to building activities in Okinawa before, during, and after the Second World War. He engaged in the post-war recovery construction in the forefront immediately after the war, and later served as the first president of the Okinawa Society of Architects & Building Engineers (O.S.A.B.E.). Nakaza was a pioneer who represented Okinawan architectural society in the early post-war period. This study defines the period before 1960 as the dawn of concrete house popularization in Okinawa and aims to clarify the aspects of the development of architecture in Okinawa during this period, examining the architectural activity of Hisao Nakaza, who played a leading role in laying the foundation for the spread of concrete buildings. Results obtained from each section are as follows: 1) Nakaza was engaged in the public construction work in Okinawa before the war. That experience correlated to his active involvement of public work of American Army immediately after the war and he obtained advanced technologies. He employed masonry construction methods, utilizing local materials from 1950 to 1953 when material procurement and factory equipment were incomplete for the Reinforced-Concrete (RC) building. After 1954, he made the most of the properties of RC building, which made free form possible and also designs were changed. He was also devoted to designing activities and writing activities for magazines and newspapers and enlightened people on the dissemination of non-wooden buildings. 2) During his tenure as the President of the O.S.A.B.E., Nakaza organized discussion meetings of engineers and competitions of farm house design. Discussion meetings promoted the common consciousness of the dissemination of concrete housing among the engineers. Competitions nurtured young architects and at the same time offered the opportunities to make people known a new image of farmers' housing. Furthermore, interactions between Japanese and American engineers staying in Okinawa through meeting led to the publication of booklets about rural houses. In addition, requirements for concrete housing suitable for the land and climate were presented. Furthermore, financing facilities and tax system revisions for the establishment of concrete buildings were requested to government. 3) In the development of housing design, starting from 1949, masonry construction was performed for two years. After stone building and brick building were examined, non-wooden building was fulfilled. Concrete block (CB) building was introduced to build plumbing water parts of wooden houses around 1955, which improves durability, sanitation and handiness. CB building was frequently employed between 1952 and the beginning of 1955, which were designed by taking into consideration the climate features of the region from the beginning of the first introduction. The farmer house model of CB building was opened to the public and earned a great response. Finally, RC building entered the mainstream in 1956. At the same time, screen blocks were created and frequently utilized. The shape of screen blocks was contrived where both usability and exquisite design were found for the subtropical climate of Okinawa. As stated above, Hisao Nakaza was dedicated to the activities of the dissemination of concrete housing in diversified fields such as technical aspect (design), publicity (writing to enlighten people) finance (request for the support of financial policies) and education (cultivate architect at O.S.A.B.E). This study examined the process of Okinawan architecture after the war and revealed that the history of modernization was based on not only the unilateral receiving of advanced technology under military occupation but also the initiative struggle of the local architect, Nakaza, with roots in the region of Okinawa.

著者

西川 博美 中川 理

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.767, pp.171-181, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper discusses the historical perspectives and social significance of the Butokuden martial arts halls that were built and managed by the official branches of the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society) in Taiwan under the Japanese colonial rule. The Butokuden halls were constructed in Kyoto in 1895 by the Dai Nihon Butoku Kai for the purpose of endorsing martial arts which had fallen into disuse after the Meiji Restoration, and construction spread throughout Japan. In Taiwan, a great many Butokuden halls were constructed. From the 1930s, there more splendid Butokuden buildings being built in Taiwan than in Japan. This paper analyzes 26 Butokuden halls that were built in various places up until that point. The Taiwan branch of the Dai Nihon Butoku Kai was established in 1906. Branch offices were situated within the prefectures of the branch, and further chapters were established within the districts of the branch offices that organized the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai throughout the country. However, there were established committees within various parts of Taiwan before, and activities began early. As a result, several martial arts practice halls were built in various places featuring architecture that had the appearance of a temple that was built in Kyoto in 1899, but were smaller in scale. From 1913, the construction of full-scale Butokuden halls began within large prefectures such as Taichung, Tainan, Hsinchu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, and so on. They featured varying external appearances, all of which referred to the Kyoto Butokuden hall. From 1925, the construction of the Butokuden halls began to spread among the branches of countries within the districts of the prefectures. They were generally small in scale, however, the Butokudens within the Lengko district (Taichung Prefecture), Zhongli district (Hsinchu Prefecture), and Taikah district (Taichung Prefecture) were large in scale and it can be noted that they shared a common external feature of a large wooden Irimoya-style roof and a Irimoya-style driveway. The activities of the Dai Nihon Butoku Kai were covered by a membership fund on which the construction of the Butokuden halls was reliant upon at first. However, as larger scale and grander Butokuden halls were built, the construction cost was paid via collected donations. Large amounts of donations were collected from volunteers in the area where the Butokuden halls were built, and from companies that had emerged from the industrial promotion policy of the government-general of Taiwan. The fact that such construction funds were donated suggests that the Butokuden halls were recognized as meaningful facilities for the public. In some cases, the planning of the facility was led by local administrations, economic organizations, or autonomous organizations as organized by the government-general of Taiwan. Further, the Butokuden halls were not only facilities for martial arts demonstration but also used as community centers. The Butokuden hall, which encourages martial arts and has a temple style design, is understood to be responsible for the assimilation policies within colonial rule. The government-general of Taiwan and local governments provided support for their construction, such as free land rental. However, the study within this paper revealed that the facilities of the Butokuden halls began to find a role and value as a public facility within the local regions.

著者

李 東明 波多野 純

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.547, pp.237-242, 2001-09-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

被引用文献数

2 1

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This study is trying to find the formation and changes of the town-houses with arcades in Di-Hwa Street, Taipei City. They are important heritage of Taiwan. Di-Hwa Street is one of the most traditional towns in Taipei, Taiwan. The town-houses with arcades are built side by side, and their beautiful facades are continued over 1 kilometer. The facades' style can be sorted out to 5 different styles. Building of town-houses was started from A.D.1851. And they had been consolidated in the 1930s and 1940s. The change of facades' designs corresponds to the history of the town's development.

著者

徐 華 小林 美紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.769, pp.517-524, 2020-03

被引用文献数

2

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<p> In this study, the objects are two nursery schools in Tokyo. The aim of the study is to clarify the characteristics of the communication and spatial distribution of the two-year-old's classes in the space of the nursery room, and find new policies for space design of nursery schools.</p><p> The facilities for investigation are two nursery schools in Tokyo, namely H nursery school and N nursery school. The number of two-year old's children in class is 20 persons and 19 persons respectively. The method of investigation was to record the behavior and location of children every 15 minutes on a plan. The survey time started from normal childcare (8:45) until end of normal childcare (18:30), excluding naptime (12 to 15 o'clock). The period of investigation was a total of five weekdays in 2018 for each nursery school.</p><p> Analysis contained the communication and trigger, and space distribution, of communication based on the observation survey.</p><p> As a result, common points of communication of children in the two nursery schools during free play were clarified as follows.</p><p> (1) Children's behavior can be classified into eight types, which are playing with toys, talking, reading, frolicking, handmaking, being desultory and wandering. Among them, communication was observed from playing with toys, talking, reading, frolicking, and handmaking; while communication was not observed from being desultory and wandering.</p><p> (2) The ration of communication during playing with toys was observed to be highest near the toy shelf. The trigger of communication was to show toys made, or working together to make one toy.</p><p> (3) The communication of frolicking was observed near the changing shelf, the toy shelf and free space. The trigger of communication is high spirits from playing with toys and talking, or imitating children frolicking.</p><p> (4) The communication of handmaking and reading in the case of sitting was observed as a low rate. This, was observed when gathering around a desk with a picture book reading after group reading, or when showing what was produced.</p><p> (5) The trigger of communication is from the topic of wearing clothes near the changing shelf or free space, and the topic of view by the window. The different points of communication of children in two nursery schools during free play were clarified as follows.</p><p> (6) In N nursery school, in a large free space, compliant communication was observed from collaborative work of playing with toys, gathering together after reading to children, and collaborative production of paper and puzzles. On the other hand, in H nursery school, in the narrow space near the desk, approval communication was observed from showing production.</p><p> From the above, as planning policy for a childcare room for a two-year-old's class at children's class which stimulates communication with other children in parallel with the individual ego. As a personal ego emerges, it is thought that communication between children will be encouraged further by providing a craft corner next to the toy shelf, free space for unstructured play, space for changing clothes, space with floor seats for reading books, display space for handmaking things, and a space for conversation with views of the outside scenery.</p>

著者

境野 健太郎 三浦 研 神吉 紀世子 高田 光雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.611, pp.15-22, 2007

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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This study analyzed the original plans of all houses and the process of renovation at an independent ward in a sanatorium for Hansen's disease patients, and clarified how differences of house plans affected the process of living environment improvement. The results are as bellows: 1) The house plans were classified into 6 types. Based on this classification, the features of house scale, construction process and room layout were clarified. 2) Layout of storage spaces affected the direction of house extension. 3) The kitchen and dining areas at houses constructed by the institution were smaller than ones constructed by residents themselves. 4) 90% of three-tatami-mat-rooms were extended, and on the other hand, only 20% of 4.5 tatami-mat-rooms were extended. 5) Because the houses constructed at the later stage were built at the fringe of the site, most of them were easily extended.

著者

大岩 昭之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.499, pp.259-260, 1997-09-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

22

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I would like to discuss on the three points as mentioned below as your paper. 1. The name of roof (floor) materials should be "arka" instead of "agatu".2. The method of scale cited is not necessarily commonly used in Tibet. Moreover, what is mentioned in Chinese notation tend to differ considerably from the original Tibet, thus it should not be taken as it is.3. As against an act meaning 'to sit' in Tibet, "gdan" should be used as the most characteristic things.

著者

吉川 彰布

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.767, pp.141-150, 2020 (Released:2020-01-30)

参考文献数

27

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Masuno Kosetsu was a prominent figure in Tenrikyo becoming the Shikishima Grand Church head in his late 20’s, and the president of the company publishing the periodical, Michinotomo, where he edited and also contributed an article “Architecture and Clothing in our Religion” in its 1925 May edition. This article retains a vital role in understanding the architectural intent and thoughts of the Tenrikyo at the time being one of the oldest written disquisition about the architectural aspects of the religion. Here, Masuno categorizes the features and characteristics of the Tenrikyo architecture into five periods, each a decade long, starting in 1888 when the buildings for the regional churches began. In what Masuno defined as the first period from 1888 to 1897, he defines the regional churches built during this period to be the origins of Tenrikyo church designs. Analyzing the constructed churches in those periods, the features he did not describe revealed a style. Common features consist of a wood constructed single storied ceramic tile covered hipped roof with an entrance at the front with space extending further to the back. The similar architectural features among these first generation churches suggest some discussion took place within the followers to create a standard style for the church when it did not have one to follow. Masuno considers the churches from the first period to be “dark and fragile, ” and praises the architectural development of the churches from the second period of 1898 to 1907, to “give the impression of cheerful and glorious.” As the religion grew, the need for a larger building to house the followers pressed the development of the church constructed during this period to become larger. Churches in this period although still single storied, consist of double layered roof raising the ceiling height resulting in a more airy and brighter atmosphere inside relative to the first generation of churches leading to the before mentioned impression Masuno have had. The third period 1908 to 1917 was what Masuno called it as "a stale period" with no particular development to found in his view. It was a period when the colossal construction was taking place at the Tenrikyo headquarters. The completion of the headquarter buildings provided a new reference for the regional churches to follow. Masuno describes the fourth period of 1918 to 1925 as a period when "focus was placed into the regional dioceses." In numbers constructed, the third period has built more. However, those dioceses were mostly converted buildings. As such, Masuno's assessment is correct where all of the nine constructed dioceses was explicitly designed and built for this purpose including the Nara diocese where Masuno was the head then. The fifth period is the period after the published article. Masuno predicts several new churches constructed including those rebuilding after The Great Kanto Earthquake such as Azuma, the first concrete church completed in 1931. In the same year, Tohon church also completed reconstructing their church using a steel-framed concrete system. The use of new construction material reveals their concerns towards fires. This period was also the time wood constructed churches were at their peak in scale and glamour in the likes of Koriyama, Koga, Heishin, and Shikishima; the church Masuno was the head of until his early death in 1928. These churches were similar in size as the headquarter building, and in some cases more glamorous in its ornamentation. Further analyzing the built churches of the periods Masuno defined in his article confirms his assessment and revealed the architectural origins, trends, and shifts in regional churches and dioceses of Tenrikyo at the time.