著者

天満 類子 菊地 成朋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.690, pp.1793-1798, 2013-08-31 (Released:2013-11-30)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of the study was to reveal the fundamental structure from multiplex cultural landscapes in mountain settlements with terraced rice fields, called Tanada in Japan.The nucleus approach was used in comparing two different settlement patterns; Tsuzura and Bunda. Tsuzura have complicated irrigation water network in vast Tanada with farmhouses clustered together beside the fields, while for Bunda the irrigation system is ordered in a rigid pattern along the valley Tanada with the farmhouses scattered within the fields. The irrigation system allows farmhouses to be located to avoid contamination of irrigation water. Thus farmhouse location is influenced by agricultural water system.

著者

遠藤 直久 藤関 利光 平尾 和洋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.747, pp.869-876, 2018-05

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&nbsp;In this paper, We modeled a method of idea forming as a designing support tool which we used &ldquo;form expression that is not like a conscious intention (automatic drawing the following, &ldquo;A-dw&rdquo;)&rdquo; positively for a stage in early period of design (the following, &ldquo;A-dw's method of idea forming&rdquo;). And we reported the substantial result that we analyzed by design experiment using this method. We repeated time savings at the beginning from 60 seconds by preliminary experiment 1, and tested drawing time per one sheet to draw in five minutes for 20 students majoring architecture design. As a result, we judged the most suitable time for drawing "A-dw" as six seconds (50 sheets). At this time, we could confirm a phenomenon to repeat similar drawing (the following, &ldquo;chain drawing&rdquo;) in continual drawing.<br>&nbsp;By preliminary experiments 2 and 3, the usability of the idea method for the subject, time allocation of each STAGE(01 - 04) , on the premise with the conscious "the drawing that was unrelated to intention-like problem", "A-dw" assuming the problem explanation was made and reference method of "A-dw" from influence on STAGE02 by "the chain", above-mentioned four points from inspection. As a result, I set by the flow of the "A-dw&rsquo;s method of idea forming "(Fig11).<br>&nbsp;We compare (This experiment) subject group to apply the A-dw&rsquo;s method of idea forming (the following, "ON team") with the subject group designing it freely (the following, "OFF team") in at the time of a design. We assumed the problem like the preliminary experiment, organized into two teams by 12 students for 24 architectural design students and tested a design. And, for the last proposal, we evaluated it by two kinds of following methods by five business designers who did not know the contents except the problem at all.<br>&nbsp;1)Rank scale evaluation: we added up a mark of the last proposals to make an order them,<br>&nbsp;2)Five phases of six items evaluations : we performed five phases of evaluations about six items [context] / [novelty] / [concreteness] / [form] / [space] / [expression]<br><br>&nbsp;The findings are as follows.<br>&nbsp;1)ON team which employed "A-dw&rsquo;s method of idea forming" had high assessment score in the final proposal about both an order standard evaluation and Five phases of six items evaluations, an order standard evaluation, and an evaluation of [novelty] was particularly high in six items.<br>&nbsp;2)ON team compared with OFF team, scored higher in the final proposal at the average points of idea. It is thought that the early idea emission (A-dw) promoted the emission of the subsequent idea.<br>&nbsp;3)Contents of "Starting point Idea(Sp-I)", there is a clear difference, ON team [Non architecture (Other than building relations)] &hArr; OFF team [Architecture (Building relations)].<br>&nbsp;4)In higher group of ON teams, compared with lower group had higher Ratio to convert into a new form and concept from "A-dw" which was similar to [Have no concept].<br>&nbsp;In other words drawing not to be connected to the contents which are targeted for a design(problem) like [Have no concept] directly is easy to lead conversion to the new recognition and interpretation that are like "unexpected discovery", and it is thought that it was more likely to lead to the high suggestion of the evaluation.

著者

相模 誓雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.1471-1478, 2012-06-30 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

13

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This study indicated that Okura-syo owned by Kaga domain located in Etty&ucric; Province are to be classified into three types. By analyzing the factors that affect the spatial structures of each type, it was affirmed that domain's agricultural policies such as Nakadashi and Sakujiki giving consideration to farmers resulted to create these types.

著者

千代 章一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.522, pp.313-319, 1999

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to elucidate the generation of the site vision in Le Corbusier's architectural conception concerning the hill of Ronchamp. His visit to the site inspires the first concept concerning the chapel, the esplanade and the campanile in order to materialize a "response to the landscape". However, some concepts will change their meanings and his complex vision influenced by the landscape 'from the site' will shift to the vision of a chapel united 'with the site'. Thus, the architect finds out the totality of the "architectural place" where site and building interact.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.741, pp.3031-3040, 2017 (Released:2017-11-30)

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Pompeii had a grid pattern of narrower streets, which were suitable for one-way traffic. On this paper, the traffic-controlling is discussed, followed by the reconstruction of carts and some impediments related to the carts such as stepping-stones, public fountains, and parking animals/carts, and town gates. The main cart-traffic artery can be detected, finally, besides the broad streets called Cardo and Decumanus. Carts running in Pompeii: on the narrow streets a 4-wheeled carts were severely to be restricted to a minimum and the use of certain 2-wheeled carts encouraged. In addtion to the 4- or 2- wheeled carts, which should be preceded by a 'runner' (cursor) in Pompeii, pack donkeys and men carrying packs were also possible. The runner on the cart, who controlled the cart using the brake, was also definitely need, because of the slopes quite steeply in that town. Impediments on the streets: the stepping stone and public fountains were physical impediments against the cart traffic. Parked animals and carts, which also partially obstructed the streets, are negative evidence of well-regulated lane traffic. On a distribution maps of tethering holes of parked animals cut into sidewalks (Fig. 14) the designated find occurs in sufficient numbers and they spread for meaningful patterns to emerge as below. 1) All observed streets have holes cut into sidewalks on both sides except for a unique case of the southern part of Via di Porta Nocera. 2) Outside of the gates, there is no example of the holes. This means that animals could be quite popular in the transportation inside of the gates. 3) Some areas that form throughroutes to the Vesuvio, Sarno, and Nocera Gates tended to have a high frequency with which these holes are found, as well as a high occurrence at the wide streets around the Forum. 4) The holes in the north-east area of Pompeii occurred more frequently than in the south-west area. We possibly overestimate the capacity of Strada Stabia for transportation and underestimate that of Strada Consolare without any stepping-stones and public fountains as obstacles against cart traffic (Fig. 9). Gates: the town gates of Pompeii were built to a common design, narrowed to only one lane and providing one-way alternating traffic, except for the Ercolano Gate. That means the carts entering and exiting the town through the gates were stopped, even though the streets leading to the gates were enough to accommodate two lanes of cart traffic moving in opposite directions. An attempt has been made to classify these gates not by shape, but function, such classification do much to aid our understanding of the cart traffic. This comprehensive and orderly classification of their 5 types in Fig. 18: the highest is the Ercolano Gate build on almost flat ground with two-way lanes, two sideways, two passing places on both sides, and holding area on the outside. Main cart-traffic artery: Strada Consolare shows a few of design feature directly related to their function as the main traffic artery, most importantly to provide secure one-way alternating traffic, such as good visibility and waiting places. Cart drivers chose this route connecting to Via della Fortuna and Strada Stabia rather than the Strada Stabia leading to or from the Vesuvio Gate. Pompeian local government keep cart traffic moving not by standardising the construction of vehicles and streets, and not by controlling or regulating the behaviour of drivers either. But it forced cart drivers to follow the route they intended by avoiding snarled, inconvenient, and inefficient traffics.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.642, pp.1895-1904, 2009-08-30 (Released:2010-01-18)

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The streets in Pompeii were orderly structures, with lava for paving of its roadway, sidewalks, step stones, and ruts; and a conspicuous feature of the whole site is the elaborate and carefully planned system of drainage. The drainage from rainwater could cause slight undulation of the surface as water seeks its own level. Here, the water flows on the streets were manipulated by Pompeian builders, but their manipulation depended on human technology to slightly rise or lower the surface and thus to control the flow. When public bathes and aqueduct providing huge mount of water, were built, sometimes the mound was constructed by piling an artificial slope against the original configuration of the ground, and the swelling or settlement of the surface on the intersections of the drainage routes, such as Horconius crossing, must have been carefully planned to avoid overflow and standing water. The Pompeian streets appear to be a good example of the application of appropriate technology, this paper stresses the planning of the drainage system in connection with the design of its urban fabric.

著者

原戸 喜代里 大場 修

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.665, pp.1293-1299, 2011-07-30 (Released:2011-11-17)

参考文献数

6

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After the Taisho enthronement, the buildings used for the ceremony were granted to various places in Kyoto.This paper shows the analysis of how these buildings in educational facilities were converted.The time of Taisho enthronement was also the time of expanding and arranging an administration of school education.After the enthronement, dismantled buildings were granted to various educatioal institution such as elementary schools, junior high schools and high schools. When looking at the conversion of granted buildings we can see there was a different attitude of each institution toward the buildings. Their differences may have been caused by the each institution's reaction to Taisho enthronement.

著者

佐藤 正彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.470, pp.227-234, 1995

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2 2

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I have examined in this wish documents and sutra,petitioners and masters on munafuda(dedication board) of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in the northern part of Kyushu and adjacent area. Briefly speaking, wish documents are nothing more than the records of diverse desires and yearnings of human beings.They are either social or personal.The former is the wishes for a victory in battle of the lord,a peaceful social condition and an abundant crop.The latter, long life,many children,and health. At the temples of the Nichiren sect, the beginning of quotations of the sutra on munafuda is "Nanmyouho-rengekyo" (meaning T 11 convert to Saddharma-pundarika. ). At other sects of Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, mostly "Hokkekyo" (Saddharma-pundarika)is quoted. "Daimuryojyukyo" (Suhhavati-sutra) is also quoted. Gods and goddesses of the defense, the chief priest of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, or people under the protection of the same community deity etc. are written on munafuda as petitioners and masters.

著者

佐藤 正彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.498, pp.177-182, 1997

参考文献数

6

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Not a few munafudas (dedication boards) of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples have except the main clause a name of god and Buddha. Most of the gods on the munafudas are either a guardian deity of architecture or the ancestral god of craft, or Mizuhanomenomikoto (the goddess of water); all are connected with carpentry or craftmanship. Buddhas on the munafudas we usually Indras, Brahmas, or Devas of the four directions. And A few munafudas have a mythical Amonofutodamanomikoto. Quite understandably, no Buddhas appear on the munafudas after the Meiji era, when the separation of Shintoism and Buddhism was proclaimed and enforced by the government. The most common names on munafudas after the Meiji era are Yafunekukunochinomikoto and Yafunetoyoukehimenomikoto (the god and the goddess of carpentry) and Taokihooinomikoto and Hikosashirinomikoto (both the guardian deities of craftmen). Buddhas appear up to the Edo period from the middle century.

著者

佐藤 正彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.484, pp.213-219, 1996

被引用文献数

1 1

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Since a fire is the most dreaded disaster for a wooden building, signs and symbols of fire prevention are commonly used on "munafuda" (dedication board). These sings are, for instance "[figure]" symbolizing water, or ones which stand for the sun, the moon and stars. Especially, stars of 28 hotels are popular, such as "△" representing the star of the triangular seat, that is, the north heaven. The Chinese character 'seal' is used as a magical sign of 'cutting of a seal' and also of 'enclosing something inside' ; sometimes the mere symbol "[figure]" is applied in the same occasions."[figure]" occasionally symbolizes four kings. The sign "[figure]", meaning 'nine characters are cut' in Yin and Yang theory, is used. Again, in Buddhist temples, munafuda registers "卍" symbols.

著者

深石 圭子 木下 庸子 大内田 史郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.763, pp.2005-2015, 2019 (Released:2019-09-30)

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Nobuko Nakahara is one of the prominent architects who led the postwar housing design and established Hayashi-Yamada-Nakahara, Architects and Preservation in 1958. In this paper, it is aimed at comprehensively clarifying the design process and the background of “Chogakuin temple (1962)” with the HP shell roof which was completed just 4 years after her office was founded. She entered the Ikebe Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo as a technical research student, and in the midst of the Controversies on Japanese tradition that involved Kiyoshi Ikebe, she was in charge of designing works “Number 20” and “Number 28.” In addition, the Ikebe Laboratory was actively working on a shell structure which was a new technology at that time. And, Nakahara closely related herself to “Numazu City Public Hall(1953)” designed by Ikebe Laboratory, and became close to Hoji Nukushina who was indirectly involved in structural design and Takumi Orimoto, a structural designer of “Number 38 (1958)”. Buildings adopting HP shell in Japan were built from around 1952. The number of shingles of the HP shell accounts for mostly one which constitutes one unit by one sheet and one which constitutes one unit by four sheets. As a new construction of reinforced concrete construction, “Chogakuin temple” is a work that Nobuko Nakahara first worked on after the establishment of the office and was published in a magazine titled “Integration of HP Shell and Tradition.” Chief priest and Parishioners wanted a warm and soft atmosphere. Therefore, Nakahara responded to the demand by adopting "Disconnected HP shell, " for example, by curving the edge beam of the shell. At the time, there were no roofs of exactly the same shape as this. The roof of the main “Chogakuin temple” is a combination of 4 HP shells, and its roof is supported by 4 pillars. The beams and pillars have an equilateral triangular cross-sectional shape, and they handle rainwater with grooves in them. Works that used “Disconnected HP shell” in times when structural expressionism is popular, “Chogakuin temple” is the only example, other than the saddle shell. The reason why Nobuko Nakahara was able to complete the design of “Chogakuin temple” to integrate HP shell and the Japanese tradition in 1962, the following could be noted. 1. She learned about modern architectural thinking from Kiyoshi Ikebe so she could understand Japanese traditional design and structural expressionism. 2. She experienced the Controversies on Japanese tradition in Ikebe Laboratory and others, and established a basic way of thinking against this problem. She accepted positively the desire of Chief priest and Parishioners while designing this temple. 3. In the Ikebe Laboratory which was motivated to apply the new technology, she learned about HP shell, gained network with structural designer Hoji Nukushina and others, and completed the “Chogakuin temple” design under the support of them. The way of thinking of Kiyoshi Ikebe about tradition simply did not adopt the Japanese element as it was. On the Contrary, it was going beyond tradition using new materials, construction methods, and techniques. As a disciple of Kiyoshi Ikebe, Nobuko Nakahara followed his idea with the cooperation of others and applied them to “Chogakuin temple” in its realization.

著者

高松 由子 土居 義岳

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.546, pp.275-282, 2001

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

3 3

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From the second half of the 18th century to the early part of the 19th century, "the Aryan theory" was established. The first Governor-General of Bengal, W. Hastings applied this theory in his India administration. After he retired from his part for the Governor-General, he was impeached by the House of Commons. In 1800, "The Hindoo Temple at.Melchet Park" was built to tell future Hastings's administration and the retrieval of his lost honor for the Governor-General. Hastings had the Aryan theory, which was reflected the inscriptions, the architecture, and the landscape at Melchet Park by the designer T. Daniell.

著者

ウィンカンタリ リア ロサリア 鳴海 邦碩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.518, pp.213-221, 1999

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 3

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This study attempts to examine characteristics of traditional housing group in Kudus urban area and its altering tendency, in order to consider possibility for observation. We found that: -Building alteration comprises change of carved wooden elements using contemporary materials, replacement of wooden-traditional houses with brick-ordinary ones, or, their removal to be empty lots; and replacement of yards with buildings; -Area alteration compriscs decrease of wooden houses, increase of brick houses, and increase of empty lots, with greater tendency along the street than in kampung; -In the last three decades, the area has lost 15% of its wooden houses due to natural decay, partial or whole sale; only 3.5% of the remaining are complete. Accordingly we recommend considerations for preservation.

著者

今浪 絵里 大宮司 勝弘 岩岡 竜夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.627, pp.1131-1137, 2008-05-30 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the theory of house design by Mamoru Yamada, especially through the design of “Tsurumi residence” in 1931. Before designing this house, Yamada had been in Europe to participate in the international congress of CIAM and to visit several housing projects in 1929-1930, which was reported as an article “Minimum size of living house” in 1931. And after designing Tsurumi residence, he wrote about the past, present and future of Japanese houses in his another article “House of tomorrow” which was published in 1943. In this study, through the consideration of the relationship between the design of Tsurumi residence and contents of these two articles written by him, his theory of house design and his methods to make house comfortable were extracted.

著者

尾身 頌吾 カストロ ホワン ホセ

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.786, pp.2083-2092, 2021

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<p> This research aims to clarify the transition from the Ryukyu's Kingdom to the post-war period of the traditional wooden houses, based on the information of 122 traditional houses. Among them, eight are considered important cultural properties (ICP), and the other 114 are classified as ordinary houses. The parameters considered in this study were period of construction, location, wood materials, construction systems, structural elements joints, type of walls, floor layout, and roof characteristics. </p><p> The study considers four construction periods 1) up to 1879 when the Kingdom of the Ryukyus become Okinawa Prefecture, 2) from 1879 up to 1911 when the Japanese government enforced the National Forest Law in Okinawa, and 3) from 1911 up to 1945 when World War II (WWII) ended and 4) from 1945 to 1972 when Okinawa was restored to Japan from the United States Army. </p><p> Location considers three zones, 1) the Northern part of the main island, 2) the Central and Southern part of the main island, and 3) Remote islands. The structural elements are divided into five categories, 1) Flooring, 2) Columns, 3) Horizontal elements, 4) Roof and 5) Walls.</p><p> The results showed no changes in the room layout (front and backside) of the houses, including the Amahaji corridor located in the house's outer part. No changes are observed in the structural elements joints regardless of the construction period. On the other hand, after WWII, some traditional living rooms were skipped from the house's plan, probably because of the social changes produced by the reconstruction process after the war and the American building regulations. </p><p> The results showed that after 1879 there was a steady increment of wood materials such as Sugi, coming from the mainland, especially in the central-southern part of the main island. </p><p> There are some differences in the wood materials used for those houses classified as ICP and ordinary houses. For ICP houses, Inumaki and Mokkoku, which are considered high-class wood types in Okinawa, were used for structural elements and floors. Itaji and Sugi were for the thin plate used in the walls. On the other hand, for ordinary houses, Sugi was the most popular structural wood material, except for those elements with decorative functions, where Inumaki was used because of its high-quality appearance. </p>

著者

小南 弘季

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.762, pp.1827-1833, 2019 (Released:2019-08-30)

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This paper is continued from ‘The establishment of ‘Ujiko-iki’ in the early Meiji period-A study for restoration of Ujiko-iki area of Tokyo in the Meiji period (Part 1)’ and ‘Revising small-scale ‘Ujiko-iki’ after the abolition of Ujiko shirabe- A study for restoration of Ujiko-iki area of Tokyo in the Meiji period (Part 2)’. A term ‘Ujiko-iki’ means a territory where Ujiko, which means a worshiper to a specific Shinto shrine, live around the Shinto shrine. Ujiko-iki area is very important for research of urban history in comprising the most basically part of the city. The purpose of this paper is classifying Ujiko-iki in Tokyo in patterns especially from the side of spatial characteristics and discussing about peculiarity of the metropolitan Tokyo in the modern transition period. Firstly, specific characteristics of ‘Ujigami’ shrines in Tokyo is described by analyzing an investigation ‘Ujiko chomei do jinnin shirabecho’ which was made to determine Ujiko-iki and shrine ranking in 1872. In chapter 2, ‘Ujiko chomei do jinnin shirabecho’ is analyzed to comprehend a situation of Ujiko-iki before the abolishment of Ujiko shirabe. As a result, it is defined that there have been four phases until Ujiko-iki were formed and only shrine which was over certain criteria established by Shajigakari of Tokyo Prefecture was authorized to possess Ujiko as a ‘Ujigami’ shrine. In chapter 3, the reality of ‘Ujigami’ shrines and rekkaku, which means gaining any of shrine rankings to a shrine, in the city area of Tokyo is described by comparing ‘Ujigami’ shrines with the shrines which possessed some Ujiko in the Edo period. First point is that there were many shrines which possessed a small number of Ujiko towns as an ‘Ujigami’ shrine. Especially it is noteworthy fact that Shajigakari suspended the determination of Ujiko of shrines which have not been gained any ranking with an exceptional flame ‘Sonsha-gai’ against the principle of Gosha precepts. Second point is that large-scale shrines that possessed adequate Ujiko, which was basically over 10 hundred houses, to be ranked as Gosha equally existed around the city area of Tokyo. Then, in chapter 4, spatial characteristics of Ujiko-iki in Tokyo are described by analyzing how to divide previous samurai residential area into each Ujiko-iki in the point of view of the scale of Ujiko-iki while comparing to the distribution of Ujiko towns in the Edo period. Ujiko-iki in the city area of Tokyo in Meiji period generally divided to success the territory of Ujiko towns in the Edo period. From the viewpoint of specific character of territory gained to each shrine, Ujiko-iki in the city area of Tokyo, which were established in the early Meiji period, are classified into three types. Type A is Ujiko-iki which corresponded a traditional widely region. Type B is Ujiko-iki which corresponded a small-scale region from the old time and an area of only a town. Type C is Ujiko-iki which owns bigness and political symbolism only for Hie-Jinja Shrine and Kanda-Jinja Shrine. Shrines with Ujiko-iki of Type A have been called ‘Sochinju’ traditionally, which has been worshiped as a shrine to guard a territory larger than a village or a town and are generally most old in that region with some legends concerned about the creation of the region. In Tokyo, Kanda-Jinja Shrine and Hie-Jinja Shrine (Type C) are in the center of the city and Type A are scattered equally around two cores and Type C lie beside and in Type A. The following is a summary of the above. Shajigakari formed Ujiko-iki and organized a modern administrative system of shrine by reevaluating the traditional spatial characteristic.

著者

大佛 俊泰 土屋 拓也

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.739, pp.2325-2333, 2017 (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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Establishing a disaster mitigation planning is an urgent issue in Japan where people are facing the high risk of a devastating earthquake. We need to utilize various information for supporting quick and safe wide-area evacuation. This is especially important for densely built-up wooden residential areas where many building collapse and big fires are presumed. For instance, the locational information and the route information of evacuation areas will contribute for quick and safe evacuation. Also, the information of the fire-spreading and street-blockages is expected to reduce the risk of fire-exposure. As the means to obtain the information such as fire-spreading or street-blockages, Social Network Services (SNS) by portable terminals will have the great potential. They might enable us to acquire various and real-time information efficiently and effectively. However, there are many issues to be discussed for acturalizing the evacuation surpport system by SNS. These include the quality and accuracy of information and robustness of the information network. Under the situation with difficulty in using SNS and in getting the information through portable terminals, not only bulletin boards but also the information-hearsay among evacuees are expected to play an important role. Even if the information is scattered by the information-hearsay between evacuees, however, incorrect information may be generated and adversely affect on evacuation. We need to investigate the influence of information-hearsay on wide-area evacuation in a situation of the incorrect information outbreak, for realizing quick and safe evacuation. In this paper, we construct a model that describes the information-hearsay and the wide-area evacuation behavior of evacuees immediately after a large earthquake occurs. Using the model, we evaluate quantitatively the effects of the information-hearsay on evacuation time and safety of evacuation routes. The principal novel findings about the influence of information-hearsay on wide-area evacuation are as follows; (1) In areas where most people are unfamiliar with geographical information, the unuseful information is repeatly exchanged through the information-hearsay of evacuees. This is because that the limited number of people have correct information about the locational information of evacuation areas. As a result, the evacuation time and the risk of evacuation may increase. (2) If a few guides who are familiar with areas start guidance immediately after a large earthquake occurs, the correct information spreads through the information-hearsay between evacuees and may greatly reduce the evacuation time and the risk of evacuation. (3) If the guides share the information each other, they can instruct and support evacuees using the latest and wide-area information, and not only the risk of evacuees but also the risk of themselves can be reduced. Next, we construct a model that describes the process of the generation of incorrect information by the misrecognition in order to inspect how the incorrect information affects on the wide-area evacuation, and obtain some new findings as follows; (1) In case of high probability of misrecognition, the incorrect information around the evacuation areas spreads out and may affect on the wide-area evacuation, since many evacuees need the information around the evacuation areas. (2) In areas where population density is high, the correct information is scattered and evacuation becomes effective. However, under the condition in which much incorrect information is generated, it is scattered rapidly and immediately after a large earthquake occurs, and this results in affecting on the evacuation time and the risks of evacuation.

著者

三森 弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.753, pp.2141-2150, 2018-11

被引用文献数

1

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&nbsp;The Nagoya University Daikou Campus is originated from the Daikou plant of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the former aircraft related war plant and the building which was used in those days is left at the campus now.<br>&nbsp;The Daikou plant was the plant that took an important and central role in the development of fighter planes including Zero fighter plane, and these technological accumulations have been applied and developed in later aerospace industry, etc., and it has contributed to the rapid economic growth against the background of post-war technological superiority.<br>&nbsp;In this report, I used literature documents related to Jiro Horikoshi (known for design and development of Zero fighter plane) and Junji Fukao (known for engine development), I clarified the characteristics and significance of the Daikou plant and the former main building by studying from the planned and historic process.<br>&nbsp;As a result,<br>&nbsp;(1) From the "Rocket Research Meeting" documents, it became clear that it was estimated and confirmed that Jiro Horikoshi had a connection with the Daikou plant and the former main building, and that building has a significance from the aircraft industry history aspects. (2) As a background, it was mentioned that Daiko plant has played a role as an important base for aircraft development and manufacturing along with the Oye plant, under the war situation.<br>&nbsp;Also, from the documents of Junji Fukao, etc. (3) The high probability that the former main building is the building where the design room is located, (4)Participants of the rocket research group were stakeholders in the design department located in this design room, It was led to the estimation of (1) that it was confirmed that intimate exchanges with the design staff of the Daikou plant to which Jiro Horikoshi belonged.<br>&nbsp;(5)In addition, it became clear that the Daikou plant had incorporated an advanced architectural philosophy that overturned the general plant concept at the time, based on overseas visits by Junji Fukao, and its characteristics of the former main building are contributed to estimation of (1). The reason for that is the same as the background of held the previous Rocket Research Meeting, with the expansion and deterioration of the war situation at the time, it became clear that the idea of getting out of position as a technologically backward country was reflected by improving technical capabilities with the trends of Western countries kept in mind and preparing a rational and efficient environment.

著者

ハビビ・セイド・ムスタファ 小野 尋子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.407-414, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 2

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The capital Kabul is growing at a fast pace than any other city in Afghanistan, it experienced a dramatic expansion over the past decade. The population has increased by almost 10% per year which caused a significant increase in the number of slums, as an unwanted consequence today informal settlements have covered about more than 69% of the city. This paper explains an afghan model of Land Readjustment which applied on an informal settlement area of Kabul with a very minimum compensation and contribution ratio. It appeared more applicable due to the preservation of historical buildings and low destruction cost.

著者

南 一誠 千葉 早織 馬 凌翔 鈴木 敦也

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.785, pp.1969-1979, 2021-07-30 (Released:2021-07-30)

参考文献数

14

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The authors investigated the housing estate “Tsurumaki -3” of Tama New Town in the west suburb of Tokyo. It was one of the first experimental project, named KEP (Kodan Experimental housing Project) which Japanese Housing Corporation started in 1973 in order to research and develop the flexibility and adaptability of housing. The most important object of this research is to investigate how residents have adopted the design concepts to suit their individual needs and how they have adapted their living environments to changes in their lifestyles over time by remodeling rooms and changing the position of partitions, especially that of KEP movable partitioning system. The authors found some residents renovated their units by relocating the KEP movable partitions and storage systems and some residents did not. As children grew, and as they left home, some families used the KEP system to adjust the room arrangements to fit their changing lifestyles. This study has confirmed the effectiveness of KEP in introducing movable storage walls and movable partitions in a family dwelling unit of about 90 m2, with the aim of changing the floor plan without significant financial burden or impact on life.  The English translations of the Fig.4 not shown in English in the text are as follows. Index for Symbols: W: toilet, washbasin, B: bathroom, K: kitchen, C: change of storage, I: repair of infill decoration, S: moving or removing of KEP movable storage wall, M: moving or removing of KEP movable partition wall, M’: renovation of conventional partition wall, P: change from Japanese room to flooring room, F: comprehensive renovation by returning the house to the state of base building, O: repair or removing of water heater, ● [red spot]: change of the user of the room, mainly the room for sleep,  Index for the color of each line: white: first living resident, gray: second living resident, deep gray: third living resident, light gray: unknown,  ★1: the unit shown in Fig. 5 (3.4.1) ★2: the unit shown in Fig. 6 (3.4.2) ★3: the unit shown in Fig. 7 (3.4.3)★4: the unit shown in Fig. 8 (3.4.4) ★5: the unit shown in Fig. 9 (3.4.5) The grids with ◆ represent repair or renovation done in the year. The inferred durations are represented with dotted lines when the exact years of renovation are unknown. The red dotted lines indicate the lifestyle changes, the green lines indicate the layout changes (S, M, M’), the blue lines indicate the water section changes (W, B, K), and the black lines indicate any other renovations (C, I, F, O, D) that have been done.  *Note 1: the first column represents the types of each unit.*Note 2: the red vertical lines represent the time that repair and renovation work for the base building, such as the repair of waterproofing and repainting of exterior walls were implemented. *Note 3: Fig.4 is based on the analysis of data obtained from the 65 units that continuously contributed this research.