著者

戸口 伸二

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.584-595, 1996-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

52

著者

荒山 正彦

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.551-564, 1989-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

5 6

著者

岩鼻 通明

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.458-472, 1981-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5 4

著者

阪野 祐介

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.357-376, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the acceptance of religion at a village level. One condition under which a religion penetrates a population is during intellectual, spiritual and social instability. There are several confirmed periods during which Catholicism expanded in Japan. 1) The late Muromachi period when Francisco Xavier came to Japan until the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. 2) From the end of the Tokugawa shogunate until the Meiji modernization. 3) The period of GHQ rule in Japan after World War II. The case to be treated in this paper is the group conversion to Catholicism which happened at Saga village, Kyoto, in 1949 just after World War II.This year holds an important meaning for Catholicism in Japan. The event that commemorated the 400th year since St. Francisco Xavier arrived in Japan and began missionary activity was held for about 2 weeks from May 29, 1949. For this event, “the Holy arm” of St. Francisco Xavier was brought to Japan. The arm was unveiled at a solemn mass in Nagasaki, Nishinomiya and Tokyo. The solemn mass was publicized in newspapers on a large scale. There was a member of the Imperial Family who attended the mass in Nishinomiya. In this way, Christianity was given not only a good position in the religious world of Japan but also a good position in the environment of society and politics by the support of GHQ.Group conversion began in Saga on April 17, 1949, when ten villagers were baptized. The number of people baptized reached 816 in 1949 or 28.7% of the village population. However, conversion rates differ among districts within the village. The reason for such a difference is because Saga village was formed in 1889 through the merger of several communities with differing customs, traditions and relationships. We can see that the unifying effect of communal bonds has a strong effect on the people’s attitude towards religion.The second part of the analysis concerns the relation between blood relationship and conversion pattern. In terms of conversion or non-conversion of a householder, 150 householders were converted from 193 households. One of the characteristics of a household maintaining the Catholic faith to date is the conversion of the householder.After the group conversion, there was only minimal friction between the Catholic religion and Buddhist temples related to ancestor’s cult. Rather, there was greater friction over a festival of a Shinto shrine which occurred among the village people (non-Catholics / Catholics). The reason is because a festival of a Shinto shrine is based on the solidarity or unity of a community, compared with an event of Buddhism such as a funeral which is related to ancestor cult which is a problem of a house unit.As mentioned above, we can see that religion has the power to strengthen group ties. At the same time, religion can also emphasize the differences among groups. Religion can also be used to create new social relationships.

著者

滝波 章弘

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.121-143, 1994-04-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

5 2

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Since the second half of the 1970's, there have been many studies in the literature of tourism on the spatial behavior pattern. But most of these studies have failed to built a general model of tourist space, focusing too closely on specific facts derived from simple correlation analysis between a certain spatial pattern and other socioeconomic or spatio-temporal variables. In the present article, we discuss the fundamental geographical notions of region and distance, creating a concentric tourist spatial model by integrating two existing models: S. C. Plog's (1973) and J.-M. Miossec's (1977). What we mean by the concentric model is that the trip “distance” influences the tourist's behavior, perception and the frequency of trips, and vice versa.We collected the data for this study in September 1992 at an elementary school in Yokohama (a large city situated about 30km south of Tokyo). It is a binary matrix of 338 recreational family trips from Yokohama in the line and 94 tourist-/trip-variables in the row which indicate different types of tourists and trip patterns. Trip-variables include destination (s), trip duration, trip organizer, group composition, means of transportation, nature of activity at the destination, tourist's image of the destination, etc. Tourist-variables include quantity of information and ability to use it, duration of holidays, expenditures for tourism and frequency of recreational trips per year, etc.First of all, we showed how several “tourism regions” (S. L. J. Smith, 1989) are created by the two “regionalizations” (Smith): the regionalization based on the denomination by tourists of the destination zone and the regionalization based on the route taken in a real trip.Next, we summarized the trip matrix data and verified the concentric spatial model, applying Hayashi's “theory of the quantification 3” -mathematically almost the same analysis as the correspondence analysis in the Anglo-Saxon or French world. This analysis of quantification changes the original and arbitrary arrangement of the trips on the axis of the line into a new significant and revealing arrangement (simultaneously, every trip is given a quantity indicating its point on the axis). In other words, this method locates closely on the axis trips which resemble each other in their reaction pattern to the variables, and it distances trips which do not resemble each other. This analysis also changes the original arrangement of the variables on the axis of the row into a new meaningful arrangement; it locates closely/distances the variables according to their reaction pattern to the trips. This analysis replaces, in fact, both the trips and the variables on the axes in order to keep the highest possible correlation between the quantified trips and the quantified variables. The highest possible correlation means the new arrangements of the trips and of the variables have the same structure and the same meaning. Thus this analysis creates from one original binary matrix several new binary matrices independent from each other which summarize the data structure of tourist behavior, whereby the first matrix is the most important, and the second matrix is the second most important. We can explain these new matrices with the variable-axes.We found three important variable-axes: the trip “distance” (the most important element), the nature of the activity in the destination zone and the tourist's ability to travel (economic status and information level). Observing the three-dimensional data space composed by these axes, we found one dominant and five secondary variable masses of the tourist's profile and behavior pattern. The dominant one is about a two day 100km family trip, not planned by a tourist agency but by the family itself, for the purpose of enjoying nature and practicing sports.

著者

川久保 篤志

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.209-230, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

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In the recent course of economic globalization, the TPP negotiations have almost concluded. Japan is facing tax issues with its major agricultural produce. If tariffs are abolished, import quantities are expected to increase substantially, especially of rice, wheat, meat, dairy products, and sugar. There are growing concerns over the unsustainability of producing areas and impoverishment of rural communities.Taking into account this situation, this paper focuses on beef, analyzing the current existing structure of beef cattle producing areas, and projecting measures for such areas going forwards. Two dairy-beef cattle producing areas in Hokkaido (Shihoro town and Ashoro town) were employed as case studies, and the following was found:First, in Shihoro Town, in the 1970s the local Agricultural Cooperatives set up 18 beef cattle centers with over 1000 head of cattle each, which contributed to the growth of cattle farming. Characteristics of the beef cattle centers include: 1. They receive large loans from the local Agricultural Cooperatives, so that they can build a robust basis for management; 2. There is a high dependency on employed labor; 3. Since the cropped segment is small, animal feed is almost completely procured from outside; and 4. In the farming operation, the focus is placed on the efficiency of raising cattle rather than improving the quality of beef. In other words, cattle farming in Shihoro Town survived amid international competition through large-scale low-cost management.Meanwhile, in Ashoro Town production did not sufficiently expand, and since the liberalization of beef imports (1991), producing areas started to decline as the profitability was down remarkably. However, from 2000 on, after the signing of a breeding-and-sales contract with Chikuren Agricultural Cooperatives, which is committed to producing safe and trustworthy beef, management became stabilized as the decline was arrested. The contract does not allow farmers to have ownership of cattle, nor allow discretion over feed selection or the number of growing days; however, a sufficient amount of feeding and management commissions is paid after shipping. Therefore farming business significantly improved and farmers’ evaluation of this beef production system is very high.However, both areas have a large number of fiscal years showing losses, and most farmers cannot continue to run their businesses without a government system making up for losses by using funds from tariffs on imported beef. Depressed prices for dairy-beef since import liberalization have prevented farmers from maintaining their independent beef cattle businesses, and created a structure where such farmers cannot avoid being dependent on the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives and other governmental funds.Therefore, reduced tariffs will have a serious influence on dairy beef cattle production areas in Japan, so the areas must prepare for that situation. It is important to improve information disclosure on aspects such as the advantages of Japanese domestic produce which imported products do not have, such as taste and safety, as well as traceability. It is also important to communicate such information to consumers through direct sales at retailers. However, differentiation through such means is not perfect, and it is necessary to continue making efforts to reduce costs to close the gap in price between imported beef and domestic products.

著者

吉田 容子

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.559-580, 1994-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

74

被引用文献数

7 1

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An elucidation of the labor market's structure has been one issue under debate in textile industry studies in economic geography in Japan. Many reports explain socio-economic attributes including sex, age and pay from detailed investigation, and define the labor force in the labor market. It goes without saying that the textile industry is typically labor-oriented, in that it employs a younger female labor force which is placed at the bottom of the pay scale. And textile studies have pointed out the structure of the labor market, paying attention to this younger female labor force, however, but have not yet examined the discussion that labor quality, which is related to gender difference, is an important factor that places female labor force in such a position within the labor market. Moreover, there is a growing need for consideration of labor quality in the context of a new production system, that is ‘flexible production’, therefore it is thought that in the complicated and multiplied labor structure today, an examination from the standpoint of gender is important.This article attempts to examine the male and female labor force in the textile industry placed in the labor market, focusing on their labor quality. Currently, technological innovation and restructuring are also under way in the textile industry in Japan. There have, however, been few detailed reports of the topic of gender difference in the labor market, that is to say, about how these factors affect the supply structure of male and female workers in the labor market and the gender division of labor. The subject hitherto has received but scant attention even in foreign countries irrespective of differences in industrial sector. Worthy of note in our country is that since the 1980's, sociologists and economists have been engaged in exploring macro aspects such as nationwide trends of division of labor by sex. Nonetheless, they have neither dealt with the spatial dimensions of the trends nor have they made an exhaustive study of a particular industry or region. Thus it cannot be denied that their studies are far from satisfactory especially at meso or micro levels. Needless to say, these problems must be solved through geographical investigations.Keeping in mind the status quo of research, the second section of this paper examines spatial dimensions of gender difference in the local labor market of each manufacturing sector in Aichi Prefecture, which shows one of the highest rates of manufacturing workers in Japan. A difference of dependence on female labor force between manufacturing sectors, and the changing of dependence on their labor force from the transition period (1970) to recent years (1985) were clear. The following shows that concretely. A higher female employment rate (60∼68%) in the textile sector in both 1970 and 1985 suggests that this sector depends on female labor forces. However, contrasting to this sector, steel, general machinery and transportation machinery have a lower female employment rate (10∼30%). This suggests the existence of a sector-specific gender division of labor. Moreover, a remarkable reduction of the female employment rate in the textile sectors observed in two regions, both the western part of Owari and the southwestern part of Mikawa. The former region, which is a traditional textile district and has a high rate of industrial added-value, is selected as the study area here.The third section is devoted to exploring a changing source of labor force supply in this region. Examination is made for two separate periods: from the special procurement boom of the Korean War (1950∼53) to the first oil crisis in 1973, young female workers (especially new school leavers) were dominant, while, after the crisis, middle-aged and old workers have played a major role.

著者

島田(松本) 豊寿

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.343-359, 1968-06-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

16

著者

島本 多敬

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.7-28, 2019

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<p>本稿は,19世紀中期以前,近世の本屋仲間(書肆の同業組合)の活動期に出版された災害図を取り上げ,災害図の出版・改訂に影響を与えていた書肆の版権と出版活動について検討したものである。享和2年(1802)7月の淀川水害の後に大坂で出版された「摂河水損村々改正図」系統の水害図は,諸本を書誌学的に検討した結果,3つの版が存在していたことが判明した。大坂本屋仲間記録の記述によれば,この3つの版は,本屋仲間非構成員によって非公式に2つの版が出版された後,本屋仲間に所属する書肆が板木を買収し,4軒の書肆の連名で改めて公式に出版されることによって成立した。同図の板元は大坂町奉行所の御用絵師の名前を図中に示して,情報の信頼性を謳っていたとみられる。また,4書肆のうちの1軒は,本屋仲間に所属していない板元による水害図の出版を,自店の出版大坂図・河川図に対する版権侵害を理由に差し止めていた。同図の検討結果から,19世紀初頭当時の本屋仲間所属書肆は,自店の地図・地理書と関連付けた商業的な論理のもと,本屋仲間に所属しない板元による災害情報の出版をコントロールし,より詳細で「正確」な災害情報の出版を志向していたと評価される。</p>

著者

岡田 俊裕

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.5, pp.445-460, 1987-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

64

被引用文献数

4 2

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The concepts of landscape (Landschaft, paysage) spread through the geographic world in Japan since the latter half of 1920's. The discipline of geography in Japan before the war's end was characterized by studies based on these concepts, the theory of man-land relationships, and geopolitics. This paper is the first historical review of studies of geographical landscape in Japan.Japanese geographers had tried to translate landscape (Landschaft, paysage) into Japanese since 1925, using such terms as“fukei (風景)”,“fudo (風土)”,“keiso (景相)”, “chiriteki keikan (地理的景観)”,“fukei keitai (風景形態)”,“keiiki (景域)”,“chisokei (地相景)”,“kansho (環象)”,“keikan (景観)”and others. Keikan was by far the most popularly used term. It is thought that Tsujimura Taro had a great influence on this state of affairs.The concepts of landscape can be classified into three major interpretations: (1) the synthetic contents of a (unit) region, (2) common regions as a type, (3) the visible and morphologic objects in a region. On the basis of this classification, the writer puts interpretations of these concepts before the war's end in the order stated above, number (1) being the most frequent interpretation. Other Japanese equivalents besides“keikan” were used frequently in interpretation number (1). However, it is said that interpretation number (3) came into wider use than number (1) in field studies.“Keikan”was used frequently in this case. Therefore, many theoretical studies were conducted on the basis of interpretation number (1), while most field studies were conducted on the basis of interpretation number (3). Interpretation number (2) appeared in a few cases, but it is not thought to have been used frequently.In the 1910's in Germany, the concept of landscape (Landschaft) was introduced to the system of geography, and the form or shape of landscape was treated as the object of landscape study. Studies which had some resemblance to those in Germany were seen before and after the 1930's in Japan. The studies of relations between landscape and social, economic and cultural conditions were deepened and developed later in Germany. However, research on form of landscape were, in Japan, still being carried out, and the function and phylogeny of landscape were not developed enough in Japan. But theoretical studies did develop some what. The development of landscapes was studied, and some researchers began to point out that it was necessary in landscape study to clarify the development mechanisms of human societies. Moreover the landscape was grasped from a view-point of social science, in that the landscape is thought to be determined by the mode of production.A problem that was little discussed throughout the pre-war and post-war days is the role of subjectivity in human societies in the formation of the cultural landscape. This is the main reason for the criticism that early studies of geographical landscape were not really connected to the contemporary world. In the first half of 1930's in Germany, O. Maull and H. Hassinger proposed that the nation state was the builder of landscape. Their propositions were soon introduced to Japan, but have not yet been really discussed. How are human societies including nation states related to the formation of the cultural landscape? The writer concludes that this discussion remains as an unsolved problem.

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.231-250, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

185

被引用文献数

2 1

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The concept of place in geography has been varied. The aim of this paper is to find a direction for the conceptualization of place without the premise of modern spatial concepts by investigating concepts related to place in ancient Greek philosophy. First, I examine Plato’s concept of ‘chora’ in Timaeus and Aristotle’s concept of ‘topos’ in Physics. Second, I try to place these concepts within the history of geography by tracing the genealogy of chorography and topography from ancient times. Finally, I consider the arguments made by contemporary philosophers about these concepts.Plato’s ‘chora’ has been explained as a third category between being and becoming, namely the alternative. Aristotle’s ‘topos’ can be understood as being a substitute for the dualism of form and matter, or that which wraps and that which is wrapped. These concepts resemble the concept of place in humanistic geography, which depended on phenomenology to overcome the dualism of subject and object. Although humanistic geography has emphasized the meanings and senses of place, conventional geography has incorporated in its concepts the materiality and substantiality of place. Consequently, geographers have argued about the ambivalence surrounding the concept of place. In contrast, this paper adopts a way of thinking that grasps matter and the spatial as being inseparable, from the contemporary interpretation of the concepts ‘chora’ and ‘topos.’ Place itself has no nature, but rather a power to bring something from an absent state into a present state. Derrida’s examination of ‘chora’ has suggested that such a concept of place has so far not been fully grasped, but been understood as being irreducible to a definite thing. In a case study of a certain city, for instance, this concept may help to realize the intangible component of that city.We can gain a deeply sexual understanding of place by referring to the sexual expressions used by Plato in his metaphor of chora and by exploring Irigaray’s discussion about topos. However, it would be phallocentric to pursue this topic without also considering what feminist critics have said about gender and sexuality in relation to the creativity of place. Irigaray regarded the wrapped and that which wraps as the (parts of) bodies of man and woman, and argued that the interval between them is the threshold of sexual difference. The Aristotelian definition of topos has led commentators’ attention to the relationship between the inside and outside. It can be said that Aristotle’s definition is similar to Massey’s theory of place.The history of chorography and topography are the key to understanding what different lines of thought have been formed out of the concepts of chora and topos. Although chorography and chorology have been neglected as idiographic studies prior to the quantitative revolution in geography, we might still learn many things from these histories.The concept of place has been increasingly taking on significant meaning in modern times. There is still much room to examine aspects of this concept that have yet to be explored. Although we cannot do without the concept of place, we must also refrain from burdening it with superfluous value.

著者

菊地 利夫

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.6, pp.485-498,579, 1959-12-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

13

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The explanation which the village itself moved is generally recognized about the movement of the villages in Kujukuri-Hama coastal region, Boso Peninsula. That is, in this region the villages consist of three types, the Furumura village which was situated on the hill, the Shinden village and the Naya village, and they are different from each other in the time of the establishment, so that the Furumura village was established in the middle ages, the Shinden village was established by the middle of the modern ages and the Naya village was established in the last time of the modern ages, one hundred and several decades ago. In the history of those establishments the villages have the relationship with each other, which the Furumura village cultivated the Shinden and there the Shinden Village was established afresh, and moreover both the Furumura village and the Shinden village moved to the Naya village.In this paper, the new materials which were unable to be pointed out in the former explanation are reported, based on our investigation of the villages. It is as follows. In the history of the sardine fishery along. Kujukuri-Hama coast since the begining of the modern ages, 5 heavy catch periods of the sardine fishery and 5 poor catch periods of it between the heavy catch periods are found. Through its history the Naya village was formed at the 2nd heavy catch period of the sardine fishery, 300 years ago and thereafter it was forced to move to the place nearer the coast by the Shinden village at the following 2nd poor catch time and at the same time the Shinden village developed at the former trace of the moved Naya village. Such movement of the Naya village may be explained by such way that the Naya village itself moved from the former site to the later site. On the other hand, the Naya village greatly developed at the 3rd and 4th heavy catch periods of the sardine fishery and has got the present form. This development of the Naya village is owing to the movement of the villagers from the Furumura village and the Shinden village at the latter period of the modern ages. This development of the Naya village is mostly unable to be explained by the movement of the village itself, but by the movement of the villagers which means not only the movement of the number of the villagers but the movement of the social combination of the village community. Thus, the villages along Kujukuri-Hama coast have got the present form, repeating the changes that they changed into the fishery village at the heavy catch period of the sardine fishery and changed into the farm village at the poor catoh period.

著者

千田 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.47-62, 1980-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

7 6

著者

千田 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.7-12, 2018 (Released:2018-04-02)

著者

野間 三郎

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.415-425, 1965-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

著者

川田 力

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.187-202, 1994-04-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

178

被引用文献数

2 1

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At present, the theoretical framework and viewpoint of social geographical analyses of education are at the stage of formation, trial and error. It is important at this stage to examine the themes and results of geography and its related disciplines on education. The purpose of this paper is to identify distinctive themes of social geographical analyses of education and to examine their analytical methods, with due consideration for educational sociology, one of the nearest disciplines to social geographical analyses of education.In the field of educational sociology in Japan since the 1980's, great interest has been aroused in the structural principles of education and society as social problems. Also it has been seen as important to question the stratified society of Japan in connection with unequal chances to receive an education. So the problem of to what extent education contributes to the reproduction of an unequaly stratified social system has been dealt from the viewpoint of cultural reproduction theory. In this way, educational sociology examined facets like educational careers, stratified culture, life course and gender. It adopts four approaches: historical, quantitative, system -theoretical and hermeneutic. These approaches have been or can be developed also in geography.In contrast to educational sociology, geographical analyses of education have shown two research directions. One examines regional disparities in education and their effects on the inhabitants of that region. The other considers locational problems of educational institutions from an administrative viewpoint. In these two streams, the former is more inclined to social geographical analysis than the latter. In this case social geography encounters the problem that spatial differences in both standards of education and ability are formed by individuals or society, which is an assembly of individuals, neither by the region itself nor space. But society is inseparable from region and space. So spatially reproductive processes of regional disparities are at work with Bourdieu's cultural reproductive processes. And this furnishes an important, noticeable theme in social geographical analyses of education.To examine those processes, we are able to use approaches which have been adopted by educational sociology. Results from time-geography, which parallels the viewpoint of life course in educational sociology, and core-periphery theory will provide important suggestions for emphasizing spatial aspects.

著者

西田 博嘉

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.217-231, 1974-04-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3

著者

寄藤 晶子

出版者

人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.131-152, 2005

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, the author argues that gambling businesses managed by public authorities face issues regarding monopolization, regulation of space and socio-spatial exclusion.Since the end of the 19th century, informal private gambling has been strictly outlawed in Japan, while both the national and local governments have resorted to investing in the gambling business to secure revenue. At present, with the exception of lotteries, 120 gambling facilities such as keiba (horse race), keirin (bicycle race on a short track), autorace (motorcycle race on a short track), and kyotei (motorboat race on a square pond) are offered by 21 prefectures and 443 municipalities. These are called "public gambling".In his book The Production of Space, Henri Lefevre notes that non-productive expenses are made according to the neocapitalist's interest. Therefore, the author refers to the three elements that constitute space according to Lefevre: spatial practices, representations of space and space of representations. The author conducted field work in and around the motorboat gambling facility operated in Tokoname City, Aichi Prefecture, and the highlighted the "gambling space" using Lefevre's scheme mentioned above.From 1997-2000, the author interviewed: Tokoname motorboat officers, residents from the areas (sinkai-cho) around the motorboat facility, police officers, members of the "koie-sinkai crime prevention association", a security guard and ticket sales women employed at the motorboat office, shop managers in and around the motorboat facility, and the motorboat gambling fans. The author also conducted participant observation studies of more than 400 motorboat gambling fans. The author's findings are as follows:Firstly, while the public authority, the Tokoname motorboat office, adopts several measures to draw visitors to the motorboat facility and thus ensure income, this practice includes spatial separation, i.e., separating the Tokoname motorboat gambling fans from the public. This is partly because the nature of gambling itself threatens social order, therefore, the public authorities control and enclose gambling fans. These practices of exclusion are observed in their spatial practices.Secondly, shops and restaurants are located on the route taken by visitors from the Tokoname railway station to the motorboat facility. These shops and restaurants sell alcohol, low-priced light meals and magazines or newspapers regarding gambling. Fans regularly take the route from the Tokoname railway station to the motorboat facility and purchase these goods from these shops. Loitering fans and torn blank tickets visibly distinguish the "gambling space" from the rest of the city. Japanese public gambling fans are largely men over 60 years of age. However, in Tokoname motorboat facility, 60-70% of motorboat gambling fans are men, who are 60 years and over. Therefore, the "gambling space" is occupied by middle and old-aged men is littered with blank tickets.Thirdly, measures adopted by the local community, the "koie-sinkai crime prevention association", neighborhood residents and the police to regulate the behavior of visitors' create negative representations of Tokoname motorboat gambling facility and its fans. In 1970, as the number of visitors increased, a few residents living around the motorboat facility founded a crime prevention association in order to put a burglar alarm to their house. At this time, the Tokoname motorboat office began sending presents, such as handkerchiefs, rice, pans and soaps as compensation to residents. The activities of "koie-sinkai crime prevention association" provided subsidies by Tokoname City, although they are not strictly monitored. They unfairly claimed and represented the undesirable behavior of visitors in order to protect their interests.

著者

稲垣 稜

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.151-166, 2019 (Released:2019-07-13)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

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横断データにもとづいて大都市圏郊外の買い物行動を明らかにした研究は数多く存在するが,縦断データに焦点を当てた研究は少ない。本研究では,大阪大都市圏の郊外に居住する人々の買い物行動に関する長期的な縦断データを収集する。対象地域は大阪大都市圏の東部郊外に位置する奈良市の平城ニュータウンであり,アンケート調査にもとづいて分析を行った。バブル経済期までは,大阪大都市圏の上位中心地である難波・心斎橋,下位中心地である大和西大寺駅周辺で高級服を購入するスタイルが維持されていたが,バブル経済崩壊以降難波・心斎橋の利用割合が大幅に低下した。最寄品である普段着の購入においても,1980年時点では百貨店の利用が一定程度あった。しかし1980年代以降,平城ニュータウンに総合スーパーが立地したことにより,普段着を平城ニュータウン内で購入する割合が上昇した。本研究では,大都市圏における買い物環境の変化に伴い郊外居住者の買い物行動が絶えず変化してきたこと,さらには現住地への入居時期により買い物行動の変化の仕方が異なることを明らかにした。

著者

滝波 章弘

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.340-362, 1998-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

2 2

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What do tourists experience in travel? What is the meaning of contemporary tourism? These questions have been proposed since the mid 1970's by geographers, anthropologists, and psychologists of tourism in the English-speaking world. Most of the studies attempt to verify MacCanell's theory of authenticity, Turner's process of communitas or Cohen's systematic typology of tourist experience. Are these hypothesis also applicable to the Japanese contemporary tourist experience?The popular travel monthly“Tabi”proves an indispensable source concerning Japanese tourism. Each edition contains travel essays contributed by readers. I compared 155 travel writings in“Tabi”from 1992 to 1995 with the contributors ranging from the young to the aged.In the first analysis, I examined three hypothesis. Turner's communitas was verified only in 3 essays; MacCanell's authenticity in 25 essays; and Cohen's typology in 47 essays. These results show that the existing models are insufficient to explain the Japanese tourist experience.In the second analysis, I tried to treat the 155 travel narratives without hypothesis. Based upon the structuralist textual analysis, I extracted six main subjects: encounter of people, perception of panorama or landscape, discovery of another world, observation of culture and history, solution of problem which arise during travel, and recognition of ones life.The relations between the demographic category and the subjects of tourist experience are summarized as follows. The younger writers emphasize the spatial contrast: they often compare their chosen destination with their everyday environment, and the smaller places they explored with popular tourist sites. The comparison is not neutral: what is unknown or idyllic is evaluated positively, while what is popular or metropolitan is portrayed negatively. The older writers are likely to underline the spatio-temporal contrast: they frequently speak of a spiritual experience following an ordeal, e.g., reverence of a panoramic view after a painful ascent. In terms of encounter, the nuance between age-groups is also clear. The younger tend to analyze systematically the encounter: they underline the contrast between the fragile tourist from the city and the kind and tough local people. For the older, the encounter is more realistic: there exists mutual communication between the local and the tourist.Regarding gender, more of the men observe the culture, history, and life style of the destination than women. Observation often leads to comprehension by accompanying the discourse of cultural comparison between native country and destination. On the other hand, women are more concerned with the solution of problems which may happen in their travel. In some cases, they write about the aid given by a local person in an encountered difficult situation; and in other cases they stress their sense of accomplishment after surmounting difficulties. Women are more concerned with self-presentation than men.Under divers tourist experiences, we can find out one common structure the spatiotemporal contrast. Men seek the spatial contrast between life-space and tourist space, between famous place and little place, and so on. Women pursue temporal contrast between difficult situation and accomplishment, between assisted tourist and assisting local person, and so on.The structure of contrast in the tourist experience resembles the system of objects proposed by Baudrillard. Both try to contrast some elements with others: goods in Baudrillard, and spatio-temporal experiences in travel writings. In this respect, we can say that travel writing is a part of a contemporary semiotic world. But we can also remark that there is a considerable difference: the contrast is symmetric in the system of goods and asymmetric in the narrative of travel. The asymmetry of the latter is the result of the real space.