著者

Shigeru Satoh Yoshihiro Nomura

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-038, (Released:2018-12-28)

被引用文献数

3

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Pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDCA) analogs extend the vase life of spray-type (SP) carnation flowers by accelerating flower opening and retarding senescence. Among the PDCA analogs, 2,3-PDCA and 2,4-PDCA are equally and highly effective. In the present study, we characterized the promotion of flower opening by PDCAs and their analogs, pyridinecarboxylic acids. The present results showed that 3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (3-PCA), and its derivative, 3-PCA amide, are most active in accelerating flower opening of ‘Light Pink Barbara’ carnation cut flowers. 3-PCA treatment promoted flower opening in cut flowers of many SP carnation cultivars, that had been stored dry at 2–4°C for 3 weeks and resulted in extension of their display time.

著者

Katsumi Suzuki Daichi Suzuki Mami Numajiri Junko Matsushiro Misaki Yamane Yoshikazu Kiriiwa

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-040, (Released:2018-12-28)

被引用文献数

4

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Internally brown (IB) tomato fruit is a physiological disorder in which the inside of the fruit turns brown or black. The mechanisms underlying the development of IB are not well understood. In this study, we examined the incidence of IB using hydroponics, and investigated the anatomical features and the ratio of dimeric rhamnogalacturonan II-borate (dRG-II-B) to total rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) (boron cross-linking ratio) in cell walls that decreased with boron deficiency. IB fruit developed when the growth of the stem and leaves were normal and the micro-element concentrations were low. The IB region was observed to be brown inside the fruit at an early stage, and this changed to black in the mature fruit. It was detected around the pericarp, locular gel, placenta and columella in the tomato fruit. An abnormality was observed around the vascular bundle in IB fruit. The interior of the cells near the vascular bundle was changed to a substance with a high electron density, and a disintegrated image was observed. Few Ca precipitates were observed on plasma membranes or cell walls in the collapsed cells by an antimonite precipitation method. It is suggested that Ca deficiency appears to be related to the cell collapse in IB. There was no significant difference in the boron cross-linking ratio between the IB and normal fruit. This suggested that IB was not related to B deficiency directly. We concluded that IB was caused by necrosis of cells around the inner vascular bundle due to Ca deficiency.

著者

Yutaka Jitsuyama Ayane Ichiki Ryosuke Ide Hanako Shimura Takashi Suzuki

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-008, (Released:2018-12-26)

被引用文献数

3

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An excess or lack of soil moisture are significant abiotic stresses that reduce the average yield for vegetable crops worldwide. The responses of ‘Natsunoshun’, a processing tomato cultivar, to water stress at three growth stages, first flower differentiation, first flowering, and fruit development, were investigated over a two-year period. The year effect on yield was not significant; however, the growth stage and the type of water stress at a particular growth stage affected yield significantly. Either an excess or lack of soil moisture after the first flowering stage were significant in reducing yield. The decrease was related to the average weight of the fruit rather than the number per plant. Under dry conditions, fruit number was the same as control plants, but there was a decrease in the reddish mature fruit ratio. On the other hand, under wet conditions plant biomass decreased, especially in the roots, even if there was a transition from wet to dry conditions. We conclude that excessive soil moisture during the first flowering stage produces slower CGR and decreased biomass in the roots, which we believe is the reason for the yield decline.

著者

Kana Miura Mutsumi Nakada Shosei Kubota Shusei Sato Soichiro Nagano Akie Kobayashi Mika Teranishi Masaru Nakano Akira Kanno

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-036, (Released:2018-12-26)

被引用文献数

3

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The modified ABC model explains the floral morphology of many monocots, such as the lily and tulip, in which the perianth consists of two layers of almost identical petaloid tepals. According to the modified ABC model, B-class genes are expressed in two perianth whorls, inducing the petaloid structure in both whorls 1 and 2. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of the B-class genes in the grape hyacinth (Muscari armeniacum). We isolated two DEFICIENS (DEF)-like genes (MaDEF1 and MaDEF2) and three GLOBOSA (GLO)-like genes (MaGLOA1, MaGLOA2, and MaGLOB) from M. armeniacum using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Expression analysis showed that MaDEF1 and MaDEF2 were expressed in whorls 1, 2, and 3, whereas MaGLOA1, MaGLOA2, and MaGLOB were expressed in all four whorls. These results support the modified ABC model in M. armeniacum. Overexpression of MaGLOA1 and MaGLOB in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a morphological change of sepals to petaloid structures in whorl 1, indicating that the function of these genes is similar that of the B-class orthologs PISTILLATA and GLO in A. thaliana and Antirrhinum majus, respectively. In addition, yeast two-hybrid assays revealed strong protein–protein interactions between MaDEF1 and MaGLOA1, suggesting that MaDEF1–MaGLOA1 is likely to have the main B-function in M. armeniacum. These data support the modified ABC model in M. armeniacum.

著者

Mitsunori Iwasaki Fumie Nishikawa Hiroshi Fukamachi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-017, (Released:2018-12-07)

被引用文献数

3

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Sheet-mulching cultivation during the fruit developmental stage is often carried out to produce high-quality Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and ‘Harehime’ ((‘Kiyomi’ × ‘Osceola’) × ‘Miyagawa-wase’) fruits because they show high Brix% by exposure to drought stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of drought stress on the number of floral buds in ‘Haraguchi-wase’ Satsuma mandarins and ‘Harehime.’ To clarify the relationship between drought stress and the number of floral buds, we applied four different drying treatments to the fruit trees, (i) first-half drying (drying treatment during the first-half of the fruit development stage), (ii) second-half drying (drying treatment during the second-half of the fruit development stage), (iii) all-drying (drying during the full fruit development stage), and (iv) well-watered (non-drought stress during the fruit development stage). The drying treatment was applied to the fruits at ψ max −0.7 to −1.2 MPa at an intensity comparable to proper drought stress for high-quality fruit production according to our previous studies. In ‘Haraguchi-wase,’ the all-drying treatment produced a higher number of floral buds in the following spring season compared with the well-watered treatment, in which the increase in the number of floral buds took place concomitant with the enhancement of CiFT expression in December. As expected, the fruits after all-drying were smaller with a significantly higher Brix% and a similar level of citric acid content, suggesting that drought stress of suitable intensity resulted not only in high-quality fruit production, but also in an increased number of floral buds in the following spring season. The results also demonstrated that the first-half drying caused higher CiFT expression and more inflorescences than in the well-watered plants, while there were no differences in CiFT expression or number of floral buds between the second-half drying and well-watered treatments. These tendencies observed in ‘Haraguchi-wase’ were the same as in ‘Harehime.’ Therefore, the drying treatment during the first-half of fruit development could be an effective method to increase the number of floral buds.

著者

Evelyn Villanueva Nozomi Fujibayashi-Yoshii Suguru Matsuzaki Kazuki Yamazaki Chairat Burana Kenji Yamane

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-031, (Released:2018-12-07)

被引用文献数

7

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The postharvest physiology of cut astilbe inflorescences (Astilbe × arendsii), which consist of many small florets with a short vase life, was studied in response to treatments to extend their vase life. Exogenous ethylene treatment at 0.3 μL·L−1 for 7 h did not affect the senescence of inflorescences or leaves of five cultivars and 0.2 mM silver thiosulfate for 2 h did not improve the quality of inflorescences of three cultivars, which indicated that ethylene is not a critical factor for senescence in astilbe florets. Continuous treatment with 2% sucrose or 2% trehalose solutions prolonged the cut inflorescence vase life of one or two of five astilbe cultivars, respectively. Pulse treatment with 2% trehalose in combination with 6% sucrose increased total soluble sugar contents from 11.4 to 57.6 mg·g−1 FW and raised the respiration rate of inflorescences from 15.3 to 28.4 μmol CO2·h−1·g−1 FW at 2 days after harvest (DAH) in the cultivar ‘Gloria Purpurea’. However, the effects of pulse treatment diminished at 4 DAH and extended the vase life from 4.0 days to a maximum of 5.6 days, which suggested that pulse treatments were inadequate to maintain sugar contents and respiration activity. Continuous treatment with 6% sucrose extended the vase life from 4.3 to 10.0 days and raised the chroma (C*) value of florets from 28.7 to 54.9 at 8 DAH. Continuous treatment with 2% trehalase + 4% sucrose markedly prolonged the vase life to 11.5 days and increased the C* value to 53.9 at 8 DAH. Under stereomicroscopic observation, continuous treatment with 2% trehalase + 4% sucrose maintained more vivid pink color of petals, styles, filaments and receptacles than those in control florets at 9 DAH. Combined treatment with 2% trehalose and 30 μM validamycin A, a potent inhibitor of trehalose metabolizing activity, induced severe wilting of florets and necrotic spots on leaves. Exogenous trehalose may be hydrolyzed by trehalose metabolizing activity in cut astilbe inflorescences. The results suggest that continuous treatment with trehalose and sucrose solutions is effective to maintain development and delay senescence of florets to extend the vase life of cut astilbe inflorescences.

著者

出口 亜由美 立澤 文見 細川 宗孝 土井 元章 大野 翔

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.340-350, 2016 (Released:2016-10-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 14

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ダリア(Dahlia variabilis)の黒色花はシアニジン(Cy)系アントシアニンの高蓄積に起因するものであることが先行研究により示唆されていた.そのため,ダリア花弁に蓄積する Cy 系アントシアニンはペラルゴニジン(Pg)系アントシアニンよりも花弁の明度 L* および彩度 C* を下げるはたらきが強く,花弁黒色化への寄与度が高いことが予想されたが,これまでにそれを示した報告はない.本研究では,ダリア花弁に蓄積する 4 種類の主要なアントシアニン,Pg 3,5-ジグルコシド(Pg 3,5diG),Cy 3,5-ジグルコシド(Cy 3,5diG)Pg 3-(6''-マロニルグルコシド)-5-グルコシド(Pg 3MG5G)および Cy 3-(6''-マロニルグルコシド)-5-グルコシド(Cy 3MG5G)を抽出精製し,異なる pH(3.0,4.0,4.5,5.0,5.5,6.0 あるいは 7.0)あるいは異なる濃度(0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 あるいは 3.0 mg·mL−1)における溶液の色(CIE L*a*b*C*)を in vitro で評価した.各アントシアニンの色は溶液の pH により変化した.ダリア花弁の pH に近い pH 5.0 およびアントシアニンが比較的安定な構造を保つ pH である pH 3.0 のいずれにおいても,Cy 3,5diG の L* および C* は Pg 3,5diG と同様あるいは高かったことから,Cy 3,5diG は Pg 3,5diG よりも花弁黒色化への寄与度が高いわけではないと考えられた.一方で,Cy 3MG5G の L* および C* は Pg 3MG5G よりも,特に 2.0 mg·mL−1 以上の高濃度において有意に低く,花弁黒色化への寄与度が高いことが示唆された.同様の傾向が Pg 系アントシアニンと Cy 系アントシアニンを様々な割合で混合した色素の測色でもみられた.Pg 3MG5G の L* および C* は他の 3 種のアントシアニンよりも極めて高かったことから,Pg 3MG5G は 4 種のアントシアニンのなかで最も黒色から遠い色を示すことが考えられた.ダリア花弁に蓄積する Pg 系アントシアニンと Cy 系アントシアニンの量比は品種によって様々であったのに対し,いずれの品種においても 3MG5G 型アントシアニンの蓄積量は 3,5diG 型アントシアニンよりも多かった.これらの結果から,ダリア花弁においては 3MG5G 型アントシアニンが主要に蓄積しており,かつ,Cy 3MG5G が Pg 3MG5G よりも花弁 L* および C* を下げるはたらきが強く花弁黒色化への寄与度が高いために,Cy 系アントシアニンの高蓄積が花弁の黒色化に重要であると示唆された.個々のアントシアニンの花弁黒色化への寄与度は各アントシアニンの構造により決まると考えられたため,L* および C* が最も低いアントシアニンを特定し,それを高濃度で花弁に蓄積させることで,様々な花卉品目において黒花品種を作成することが可能になると考えられた.

著者

大野 翔 保里 和香子 細川 宗孝 立澤 文見 土井 元章

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.177-186, 2016 (Released:2016-04-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 10

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複色花ダリア(Dahlia variabilis)は,着色した基部と白色の先端部となる花弁をもつ品種群であるが,しばしば一つの花序において花弁全体が着色した単色花弁を生じる.この花色の不安定性は切り花や鉢もの生産において問題となり,しばしば商業的な価値を損なう原因となる.本研究では,花色の不安定性機構の解明と制御に向けて,赤白複色花‘結納’における赤色花弁の発生様相を調査した.‘結納’は複色花弁のみの複色花序,赤色花弁のみの赤色花序,そして赤色花弁と複色花弁とが混在した混合花序を着生した.混合花序において赤色花弁は,花序において複色花弁よりも外側あるいはセクター状に生じ,キメラ個体や枝変わりのような発生様相を示した.赤色花弁の発生頻度は,5 月から 12 月までの圃場での栽培と比較して,10 月から次の年の 7 月までの温室栽培で低かった.冬季から次の年の春季に比較的高い赤色花弁の発生頻度を示した個体を見出し,“R 系統”とし,栄養繁殖後の赤色花弁の発生頻度を調査すると,“R 系統”における赤色花弁を高頻度で生じるという性質は栄養繁殖個体でも維持された.花弁色と葉におけるフラボノイド蓄積の関係を調査すると,赤色花弁を生じる植物体では葉にフラボノイドを蓄積したが,複色花弁のみを生じる植物体では葉にフラボノイドを蓄積しない傾向にあった.したがって,‘結納’の花弁色とシュートにおけるフラボノイド合成能には関連があり,‘結納’の単色花の発生は単なる個々の花弁色の変化だけではなく,植物体全体の変化であると考えられた.

著者

Chieko Miyashita Yuka Koito Isao Ogiwara

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-042, (Released:2018-12-05)

被引用文献数

4

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Blueberries are handpicked because of irregular maturation of fruits within clusters. Therefore, harvesting is labor intensive and results in a short shelf life of the product. Cluster harvesting, as performed for grapes, could solve these problems. Previously, we produced many interspecific hybrids between the highbush blueberry (HB; Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberry (RB; Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) and found that some individuals were parthenocarpic and maturation of berries within fruit clusters was relatively uniform. In the present study, we investigated the degree of parthenocarpy and suitability of the hybrids for cluster harvesting and considered the use of parthenocarpic hybrids to breed cultivars for cluster harvesting. The degree of parthenocarpy was evaluated in 21 blueberry plants (hybrids and cultivars) based on the average fruit set without pollination. It was found that 2 hybrid individuals had the highest frequencies of parthenocarpy and their fruit set and weight were close to those of pollinated fruits; moreover, pollinated fruits of these hybrids were seedless. Thereafter, the uniformity of flowering and fruit maturation was evaluated, and the 2 hybrids showed a relatively uniform maturity of fruits in a cluster; furthermore, fruit dropping occurred later. In addition, correlation analysis was performed for 5 parameters related to parthenocarpy and suitability for cluster harvesting. For seeded fruits, it was found that the flowers that bloomed earlier in a cluster formed a fruit containing more seeds and matured earlier. Comparison of cluster and individual harvesting showed that the percentages of mature fruits within clusters in the 2 hybrids were markedly higher than those in the HB cultivars. Moreover, cluster harvesting of the hybrids greatly shortened the working time needed for harvest and subsequent fruit sorting to 59% of that of individual harvesting. Thus, the 2 hybrids that had a higher degree of parthenocarpy than that in the existing blueberry cultivars were assessed to be highly suitable for cluster harvesting. Factors underlying this suitability may be related to the seedlessness of interspecific hybrids. These results suggest that interspecific hybridization between HB and RB is useful as a breeding method to produce cultivars suitable for cluster harvesting.

著者

Mikio Shiraishi Hideaki Asakuma

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-023, (Released:2018-11-23)

被引用文献数

1

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We monitored sugar accumulation profiles and developmental changes in fruit traits during the ripening process in pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA)-type persimmon cultivars of ‘Akiou’, ‘Fuyu’ and ‘Taishuu’. As the fruit ripened, transverse and longitudinal diameter, fruit weight, soluble solids content (SSC), and flesh juiciness increased significantly, with a constant varietal ranking throughout the ripening process. Color development of ‘Akiou’ and ‘Taishuu’ seemed to be faster than that of ‘Fuyu’ during the initial stages of fruit ripening, but there was little difference in color chart values toward the latter stage of fruit ripening. Flesh firmness decreased steadily over time, whilst varietal ranking remained constant. The varietal ranking of SSC in the latter stage of ripening was ‘Akiou’ ≥ ‘Taishuu’ > ‘Fuyu’. Significant varietal differences were observed in sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents. Based on sugar accumulation profiles, the cultivars could be classified into two types: hexose accumulators (‘Taishuu’) and sucrose accumulators (‘Akiou’ and ‘Fuyu’). The transcriptional profiles of key sugar accumulation-related genes: sucrose synthase (SuSy), vacuolar acid invertase (VAI), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), were also examined. Transcriptional levels of SuSy and VAI in sucrose accumulators were lower than those in the hexose accumulator. Conversely, transcriptional levels of SPS were higher in the sucrose accumulators than in the hexose accumulator. In particular, the concomitant and rapid increase of both SPS expression and sucrose accumulation in mid-October, suggests that this period is crucial for ‘Akiou’ in terms of the SSC elevation.

著者

Edi Santosa Yoko Mine Adolf Pieter Lontoh Nobuo Sugiyama Maryati Sari Ani Kurniawati

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-016, (Released:2018-11-21)

被引用文献数

1

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Flowering induction in Amorphophallus muelleri Blume is required for mass production of seeds within a short period of time. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) application on flowering induction for non-flowering-aged corms (immature corms) in A. muelleri. Research was conducted at Leuwikopo Farm, Bogor-Indonesia in May 2015–August 2016. Dormant corms of bulbils (0 year), 1-, and 2-year-old were treated with 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm GA3. A 3-year-old corm was used as an additional control. Results demonstrated that GA3 application effectively induced flowering in 2-year-old corms. Bulbils flowered at a rate of 1.7–6.7% and 1-year-old corm at a rate of 2.8–16.7% irrespective of GA3 levels; 100% and 50–100% of inflorescences, respectively, were abnormal leading to low seed production. The GA3 application caused erratic flowering in bulbils and one-year-old corms, indicating age-dependent-flowering in A. muelleri. The erratic flowering caused a detrimental effect on seed production. In this experiment, 2-year-old corms produced larger inflorescences and a lower number of abnormal inflorescences. Thus, application of GA3 at a level of 1500 ppm on 2-year-old corms is recommended for mass production of A. muelleri seeds within a short period of time. In the future, it will be interesting to study the physiological mechanism of the erratic flowering phenomenon across corm age in A. muelleri.

著者

Shin-ichi Watanabe Masanori Matsuo Hiroaki Kitazawa Machiko Fukuda Atsushi Yamasaki Atsuko Uragami

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-161, (Released:2018-11-15)

被引用文献数

1

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In this study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on spear sprouting and elongation in asparagus to explore new approaches to control the harvest period in asparagus production. Four-year-old rootstocks of ‘UC157’ were grown in chambers in the dark at 30°C (30°C treatment), 34°C (34°C treatment), 38°C (38°C treatment), and 42°C (42°C treatment) for 14 days, and then at 25°C for 18 days. In the 42°C treatment, no spear sprouting was detected, and all rootstocks died. During the high temperature period, the number of sprouted spears was significantly lower in the 38°C treatment than in the 30°C treatment, whereas after the high temperature periods, the number was significantly higher in the 38°C treatment than in the 30°C and 34°C treatments. The total number of sprouted spears during and after the high temperature periods was not significantly different between the 30°C, 34°C, and 38°C treatments. The elongation rate of the spears during the high temperature period was significantly lower in the 38°C treatment than in the 30°C and 34°C treatments, whereas there were no significant differences in the mean spear elongation rate after the three high temperature treatments. These results suggest that a temperature of 38°C can be used to control spear sprouting reversibly by its application and cancellation.

著者

Yoichi Kawazu Shunsuke Imanishi Hirotaka Yamaguchi Akio Ohyama Tsukasa Nunome Koji Miyatake Hiroyuki Fukuoka

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-022, (Released:2018-11-03)

被引用文献数

1

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The Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S) induces transgene expression with insufficient activity and stability in some plant species, including lettuce. To develop a system to provide sufficient gene expression, a polyubiquitin promoter (PLsUbi) and terminator (TLsUbi) were isolated from lettuce, and this system was functionally compared with the conventional P35S-NOS terminator (P35S-Tnos) system by using a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. In transgenic Arabidopsis, PLsUbi induced higher GUS activity than P35S, and the PLsUbi-TLsUbi combination induced higher GUS activity compared with the PLsUbi-Tnos combination, suggesting that the polyubiquitin terminator promotes transgene expression in concert with PLsUbi. The PLsUbi-TLsUbi combination induced less accumulation of GUS mRNA but > 10-fold higher GUS enzyme activity than the P35S-Tnos combination, suggesting that the PLsUbi-TLsUbi combination translationally promoted GUS expression in Arabidopsis. In transgenic lettuce, PLsUbi-TLsUbi transcrip­tionally and translationally promoted GUS expression, inducing approximately 16-fold-higher accumulation of GUS mRNA and > 800-fold-higher GUS enzyme activity compared with those induced by P35S-Tnos. Bisulfite sequencing methylation analysis of the introduced promoter sequences indicated that, for PLsUbi, the mean percentage of methylated cytosines in lettuce was 3.5 times that in Arabidopsis. For P35S, the mean percentage of methylated cytosines in lettuce was > 10 times that in Arabidopsis, and this methylation may be a major reason underlying the transcriptional inactivation of P35S in lettuce. Together, our results indicate that PLsUbi-TLsUbi promotes transgene expression in lettuce and Arabidopsis and may have broad applications in genetic engineering of additional plant species.

著者

Takuya Tetsumura Shuji Ishimura Takashi Takita Shogo Funaki Hiroharu Uchida Takumi Hidaka Syo Haranoushiro Yasuhiro Udatsu Mitsuhiro Matsuo Chitose Honsho Hideaki Asakuma

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-020, (Released:2018-10-26)

被引用文献数

6

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The field performance of ‘Taishuu’ Japanese persimmon trees grafted onto clonally propagated rootstocks, ‘MKR1’ and FDR-1, was investigated over 10 years. These results were then compared with the performance of trees grafted onto seedling stocks (S) and own-rooted trees derived from micropropagation (O-R). ‘Taishuu’ scions on ‘MKR1’ and FDR-1 rootstocks grew well initially, but stopped growing taller at seven years after planting. Total shoot length and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) increased annually in all trees, while the differences in these parameters between S or O-R trees and ‘MKR1’ or FDR-1 trees continued to increase year after year. The graft union of trees grafted onto ‘MKR1’ swelled, and FDR-1 rootstock overgrew the ‘Taishuu’ scion. Trees grafted onto both ‘MKR1’ and FDR-1 bore female and male flowers soon after planting, and the percentage of shoots with female flowers relative to total shoots in ‘MKR1’- and FDR-1-grafted trees were higher than that in S and O-R trees each year. The numbers of shoots with male flowers varied from year to year in ‘MKR1’- and FDR-1-grafted trees, but did not appear to increase yearly. ‘MKR1’- and FDR-1-grafted trees almost completely inhibited secondary shoot occurrence in mid-June, and the percentages of dropped fruitlets between the middle of May and the end of July were almost always lower for ‘MKR1’- and FDR-1-grafted trees than for S and O-R trees. Cumulative yield efficiencies according to TCSA, canopy area, and canopy volume showed that ‘MKR1’- and FDR-1-grafted trees produced fruit most efficiently, although the total yields per tree were not significantly different between rootstocks. There were no significant differences in fruit quality between the rootstocks, except for the number of seeds. Concentric cracking and stylar-end cracking occurred in fruit of trees grafted onto ‘MKR1’ and FDR-1. However, the differences between the rootstock types were not large. The harvest date of ‘MKR1’ trees was significantly earlier than that of S and O-R trees. In conclusion, ‘MKR1’ and FDR-1 are both satisfactory dwarfing rootstocks for ‘Taishuu’, with high yield efficiency and inhibition of early fruit drop.

著者

Goh Hirai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-172, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

4

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The effect of non-woven fabric floating row covers on the growth and yield of spring-sown, direct-seeded onions was investigated in Hokkaido, a subarctic island of Japan. Field experiments were carried out in 2014, 2015, and 2017. The seeds were sown in late April in each year. Floating row covers were installed a few days after seeding and kept in place until the end of May. During the treatment period, average daily maximum and minimum soil temperatures were approximately 4–5°C and 1–3°C higher, respectively, under covered compared with uncovered treatment. The effect of row covers on soil moisture varied annually. Emergence was obviously accelerated by floating row covers, as evidenced by an emergence date that was 1 to 4 days earlier than that of the uncovered treatment. Growth during early stages was promoted by floating row covers; however, the difference in plant growth between covered and uncovered treatments gradually decreased, with an almost non-significant difference observed by the beginning of bulb formation. The effect on growth earliness differed between years and an earlier lodging time was observed in 2015, in which the sunshine duration during the covered period of about 40 days reached 350 hours and the soil temperature difference between covered and uncovered treatments was larger than the other 2 years. Floating row covers had little effect on bulb yield. As for other growth aspects, decreased survival under floating row covers due to heat injury was observed when high temperature and drought simultaneously occurred. Floating row covers also tended to decrease onion maggot feeding damage. Non-woven fabric floating row covers effectively promote the emergence and early growth of spring-sown, direct-seeded onions mainly by elevating soil temperature. Although the degree differs depending on the year, earlier bulb formation and lodging, and a decrease in onion maggot feeding damage are also expected. These results suggest that non-woven fabric floating row covers may be a viable option to reduce the risks of delay in emergence, growth suppression caused by low temperatures, delay in lodging time and feeding damage due to onion maggot.

著者

Satoshi Matsuo Kenji Nanya Shunsuke Imanishi Ichiro Honda Eiji Goto

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-005, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

13

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Light quality is an important environmental factor that regulates stem length of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Previously, we showed that the stem length of tomato seedlings grown under red (R) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was significantly longer than that of seedlings grown under blue (B) LEDs or a mixture of B and R LEDs; further, the light intensity of B LED negatively correlated with the stem length. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of how B and R lights affect stem elongation. We analyzed the levels of gibberellins (GAs) and the expression of genes associated with their metabolism in tomato seedlings grown under different B and R light conditions. The level of bioactive GA, GA4, was significantly higher in the seedlings grown under R LED than in those grown under other light conditions. In addition, an increase in the B to R light ratio increased the transcript level of the GA inactivation enzyme gene, SlGA2ox7. Moreover, the transcript level of SlGA2ox7 increased with the intensity of B light, and was negatively correlated with the stem length of the seedlings. These results indicated that the B light intensity controlled GA inactivation of the seedlings, and endogenous GA contents may affect stem elongation. Further, we found that the transcript level of the GA biosynthesis enzyme gene, SlGA3ox3, in the seedlings grown under R LED was significantly higher than that under other light conditions. This could be due to depletion of B light and suggests that GA biosynthesis may be involved in the stem elongation of seedlings grown under low B light conditions.

著者

Hayato Morimoto Takako Narumi-Kawasaki Takejiro Takamura Seiichi Fukai

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-007, (Released:2018-10-20)

被引用文献数

14

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Bud-mutation carnation cultivars of the “MINAMI series” have a diversity of flower color in which the directions of bud sports are recorded. ‘Poly Minami’, which is the origin of the “MINAMI series”, produced the eight cultivars with various petal colors through continuous bud mutations. Flavonoid pigments analysis showed that the flower color variation is produced by the difference in the quantitative ratios of pelargonidin-typed anthocyanin and chalcononaringenin 2′-O-glucoside (Ch2′G). Acyanic cultivars; ‘Poly Minami’, ‘Lemon Minami’ and ‘Vanilla Minami’ had Ch2′G showing a yellow coloration as a major flavonoid with different concentrations in the petals. Cyanic cultivars with pinkish petals; ‘Orange Minami’, ‘Minami’, ‘Passion Minami’ and ‘Feminine Minami’ had different ratios of 3,5-di-O-(β-glucopyranosyl) pelargonidin 6′′-O-4,6′′′-O-1-cyclic malate (Pg3,5cMdG), showing a pink coloration, and Ch2′G as major flavonoids in the petals. The variegated cultivar ‘Sakura Minami’, with deep pink sectors and flecks on pale pink petals, accumulated a small amount of Pg3,5cMdG. The red-flowered cultivar ‘Tommy Minami’ accumulated pelargonidin 3-O-malylglucoside (Pg3MG) showing a red coloration as a major anthocyanin in the petals. The gene expression analysis through flower-bud development showed that the ratios of Pg3,5cMdG and Ch2′G are produced by the difference in the expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes; the dihydroflavonol 4-reducatse gene (DFR), the chalcononaringenin 2′-O-glucosyltransferase gene (CHGT2) and the chalcone isomerase gene (CHI2) and the acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene (AA5GT) and an anthocyanin transportation-related gene; the glutathione S-transferase-like gene (GSTF2). This study revealed that the flower color variations in the “MINAMI series” are caused by genetic and metabolic changes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and identified five candidate genes for flower color changes in the “MINAMI series”.

著者

梁川 正 坂西 義洋

出版者

園藝學會

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:00137626)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.250-260, 1977

被引用文献数

2 7

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1. <i>Hippeastrum</i> のりん葉基部の組織片を母球上のしゅじゅの位置から採取し, 無菌培養を行なって, これらの子球形成能力を比較するとともに, りん葉上の各部位および底盤部の組織片からの子球形成の可能性を見た. 各培養片は直径6mmのコルクボーラーで打抜かれたもので, 0.8%の寒天と2%のショ糖を加え, 生長調節物質無添加物 White の培地に置床した.<br>2. りん葉最下端の培養片の子球形成率は, 25&deg;Cと30&deg;Cで最大であった. 光の存在は子球の発育を促すが,子球形成そのものには明暗の差がなかった, また培養片の採取季節による差も認められなかった.<br>3. りん葉最下端の培養片ことに底盤部組織がこれに付着している場合の子球形成率は大であったが, 底盤部から2mm離れた部位のりん葉培養片の子球形成率はわずか3%であり, 3mm以上離れた部位のものでは子球形成がみられなかった. りん葉と底盤の両組織にまたがる培養片では, りん葉の最下端から子球, 底盤部から根を形成した. 底盤部のみの培養片ではなんらの形成も認められなかった.<br>4. 筒状りん葉において, 葉身側は肉が厚く, 反対側は薄くなっている. りん葉最下端の組織片をりん葉の全周にわたって採取し, それぞれの子球形成能力を比較したが, 厚い部分と薄い部分, その中間の部分の差は認められなかった. しかし底盤部に厚薄2枚の隣接りん葉片をつけた培養片を採取し置床した結果, 子球は培養片の両側のりん葉表皮露出面からよりも, 2りん葉片にはさまれた部分に形成されることが多かった. 露出面からの形成について見ると, 薄いりん葉片の方が厚いりん葉片よりも高い形成率を示した. このことは葉身と反対側のりん葉葉えきの再生能力が他の位置より高いことを示唆している.<br>5. 母球上でより外部の位置にあり, 成熟の進んだりん葉の培養片ほど子球形成率は全般的により大であった.<br>6. 子球形成は基本的には, りん葉基部の背軸面で行なわれるが, 向軸面を上にして置床した場合または液体培地で振とう培養した場合には, 一部の培養片で向軸面からの子球形成が認められた. りん葉基部の組織片を縦に2分して背軸, 向軸の両面に分けて培養すると, 向軸面に子球形成を行なうものが生じた. 向軸面も形成能力を有するが, 背腹両面を有する培養片では, より形成能力の高い背軸面の存在によってそれが抑制されているものと思われる.

著者

Sirinan Suktawee Masahiro Shishido Shanshan Wang Takanori Saito Katsuya Okawa Hitoshi Ohara Hataitip Nimitkeatkai Hiromi Ikeura Satoru Kondo

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-001, (Released:2018-08-18)

被引用文献数

7

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The effects of the jasmonic acid derivative n-propyl dihydrojasmonate (PDJ) on ethylene signal transduction and endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) in apples infected with Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) were investigated. Apples were dipped into 400 μM PDJ solution and then inoculated with B. cinerea. The fruit were stored at 25°C and 95% relative humidity for 16 days after PDJ treatment. The inoculation without PDJ application (PDJ− Ino+) showed larger B. cinerea lesion diameters compared to the PDJ application with inoculation (PDJ+ Ino+) and the untreated controls. In contrast, the PDJ+ Ino+ group showed a higher ethylene production rate, higher 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, and greater expressions of ethylene-related genes [MdACS1 (ACC synthase), MdACO1 (ACC oxidase), MdETR1 (Ethylene receptor 1), MdERS1 (Ethylene response sensor 1), and MdCTR1 (Constitutive triple response 1)], and endogenous JA, MdAOS1 (Allene oxide synthase 1) gene. However, the abscisic acid concentrations were decreased in the PDJ+ Ino+ group. The results suggest that PDJ application induces ethylene production through ethylene-related genes and endogenous JA, resulting in B. cinerea infection inhibition.

著者

Wenkai Yan Yuqi Zhang Yating Zhang Ruifeng Cheng Yi Zhang Qichang Yang Tao Li

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-165, (Released:2018-08-03)

被引用文献数

13

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Light is one of the most limiting factors affecting plant growth in greenhouses. Recently, supplementary artificial light has been widely used in greenhouse production in winter or on overcast days when solar radiation is weak. However, plant responses to supplementary artificial light in a Chinese Solar Greenhouse (CSG) and the economic feasibility of the lighting strategy are poorly understood. The tomato, one of the most widely produced and consumed vegetables in the world, was tested in this study. A CSG was divided into three sections, and three treatments were arranged. They were top lighting with HPS lamps (TL), TL plus inter-lighting with LEDs (TL+IL), and control treatment without artificial light, respectively. We showed that supplementary artificial light improved the uniformity of light distribution from the south to north end of the CSG, and increased the average greenhouse temperature by ~1–1.4°C. Tomato yield was increased by 21.8% and 32.9% in TL and TL+IL, respectively, compared with that of the control. The higher yield under supplementary artificial light resulted from a larger number of ripe fruits rather than bigger fruit size. Moreover, fruit quality was improved by supplementary artificial light as indicated by a higher total soluble sugar content. There were no significant differences in total biomass production or total soluble sugar content in leaves, as well as fruits, between TL and TL+IL treatments, but TL+IL further stimulated fruit maturation compared with TL. Although supplementary artificial light confers an advantage in terms of tomato growth, it is not economically feasible as 28.8 kWh electricity was required to increase the tomato yield by 1 kg in the CSG. Therefore, it is important to find solutions to increase the efficiency of supplementary artificial light in the CSG.