著者
遠藤 保子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.163-174, 2005

This paper examines the state of research on dance in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania. Dance is an essential part of daily life for people in Africa. African dance is one of the original forms of dance, and together with music, has often been used in place of written forms of language as a means of communication. The rhythms and movements of African dance have had a major influence on developments in dance and music worldwide. The fundamental nature of African dance is what has led me to focus my research in this area, in order to trace the roots of modern forms of Western dance. Ethiopia : Scientific research into Ethiopian dance began in 1964 when two Hungarian folklorists sent by the Hungarian Government traveled throughout Ethiopia collecting data on folk dances and folk music. Gyorgy Martin and Balint Sarosi studied different Ethiopian dances by comparing them with other dances. Tibor Vadasy continued their work by carrying out comparative studies on the dances of different tribes and peoples in regions such as Gojjam, Gondar, and Gurage. Furthermore, one of the primary reasons for building the National Theatre, formally known as the Haile Selassie I Theatre and completed in 1955 based on 18^<th> century French theatre designs, was the preservation and promotion of Ethiopian folk dance and folk music. Kenya : T.O. Ranger's book, "Dance and Society in Eastern Africa 1890-1970 : The Beni Ngoma", is an excellent example of the use of aspects of dance history to grasp the reality of the colonial experiences of a particular region. Ranger covers nearly 100 years of East African history, using data concerning the origin, development, and diffusion of popular dance culture in urban and rural Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Another book, "Folk Music of Kenya" by George Senoga-Zake, has introduced Kenyan music and dance to a wide audience. The national dance troupe, Bomas of Kenya, was originally established by the government in 1971 for the cultural entertainment of tourists visiting Kenya. Through Bomas, different aspects of Kenyan culture are displayed, including lifestyles, crafts, music, and dancing. The Bomas Harambee Dancers are the only resident dance company in Kenya and perform daily in a spectacular circular theatre. Tanzania : According to Herbert F. Makoye (1998 : 95-97), serious research on dance in Tanzania started in 1964 following the establishment of the National Dance Troupe under the auspices of the Ministry of National Culture and Youth. The National Dance Troupe was disbanded in 1980, after which the Bagamoyo College of Arts was established in 1981, with dance as a central focus of the college's training program. Another institution to have embarked on dance research is the University of Dar Es Salaam. The first comprehensive research on Tanzanian dance was a 1972 M.A. thesis by Godwin Zilaoneka Kaduma entitled, "The Description of Five Tanzanian Dances". In Japan, from the 1970s onwards, researchers of music and dance, such as Kenichi Tsukada and Yasuko Endo, began to focus on the meaning of dance and music in Africa.
著者
遠藤 保子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, pp.332_2, 2016

<p> 本研究は、アフリカの舞踊に関するスポーツ人類学的フィールドワーク(2009年~2015年)の研究結果とモーションキャプチャで記録したガーナの舞踊のデータ(2009年)をもとに、2016年小学校高学年に対して国際理解のためのデジタル教材を制作したことを踏まえて、その内容を明らかにするとともにアフリカの舞踊を教材化するための基礎資料を得ることを目的とする。教材の目標は、以下である:第1にガーナの社会・文化・芸術を見る、聞く、感じる。第2に社会・文化・芸術との関わりを知る、行う、味わう。第3に国際理解・交流の在り方を学ぶ、考える、実践しようとする心を養う。教材の内容は、以下の6章からなる。1章は、近代化、都市化、情報化が進んでいるなど社会の紹介、2章は、料理、カカオ、農作業など文化の紹介、3章は、様々な舞踊の紹介と舞踊と農作業やヒップホップとの比較、4章は、モーションキャプチャによる記録法と再生される3D舞踊の紹介、5章 歌い方、太鼓言葉、木琴など音楽の紹介、6章は、ガーナの舞踊を対象にした国際理解活動の事例紹介。将来的には小学校で本教材を利用した実践研究を行いたいと考えている。</p>
著者
高橋 京子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, pp.328_2, 2016

<p> 南インド、ケーララ州に伝承されるマーシャルアーツのカラリパヤットを対象に、カラリパヤット固有の身体について考えることを目的とする。カラリパヤットはインドの伝統医学アーユルヴェーダが基盤となっている。全身にオイルを塗ってからエクササイズを開始したり、急所、ツボを意味するマルマンの概念に基づいて急所を防衛する姿勢が、カラリパヤットの型となっていたりする。これらはアーユルヴェーダに基づくものであるが、それのみならず、カラリの守護神である女神の祭壇が、時には人類のシンボルとして解釈されるなど固有の身体の捉え方も存在している。このように、カラリパヤットにおける身体の捉え方にまつわる事象を取り上げ検証することで、カラリパヤットの身体とはどのようなものであるかを考える。</p>
著者
瀬戸 邦弘
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, pp.278_3, 2018

<p> 近年、高等学校の応援団は地域の他校応援団とともに組織化する傾向が見られる。たとえば埼玉県、群馬県、静岡県、富山県、香川県などにおいては県下に「高校応援(団)連盟」が組織化され「連盟祭」を軸に学校の枠を超えた応援団活動を展開、活発化させている。ところで、彼らは連盟という「枠組み」を構築し「公」的な枠組みと協力関係を築く事により、応援団活動を大きな"シェルター"の中に移動させる事に成功したとも言える。それは、市や県の教育委員会などに協力を得る事により「公」的枠組の中へ自らの位置をシフトさせて「社会的位置づけ」に成功したという事になるのである。本発表ではこれら連盟下の高校応援団活動に注目し「高校応援団の活動の現在」に関して考察を試みるものである。</p>
著者
石井 浩一 波照間 永子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, pp.50_1, 2017

<p> 1988年、日本体育学会にスポーツ人類学専門分科会が設立され、本年(2017年度)に30周年を迎える。その間、1998年には日本スポーツ人類学会が、そして2009年にはアジアスポーツ人類学会が結成され、国際的な協働体制を構築しつつ発展してきた。</p><p> 30周年という節目の年にあたり、今一度「スポーツ人類学研究」の意義と課題を再考するとともに、グローバル化が進展する現代社会において、研究成果を「教育」に還元する方法を討議し、専門領域の今後の方向性を模索する一助としたい。</p><p> 本シンポジウムでは、全体を二部構成とし、前半にて専門分科会立ち上げを担われた寒川恒夫先生にご登壇いただき、スポーツ人類学研究の成果を「文化理解」教育へとつなげる視点と手法についてご講演いただく。後半では、大学の授業等でこの課題に継続して取り組まれている田里千代(民族スポーツ)、ソリドーワル マーヤ(武道)、弓削田綾乃(舞踊)の各氏より話題提起を受け全体討論を行う。</p>
著者
弓削田 綾乃
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, pp.51_3, 2017

<p> 日本の夏の風物詩である盆踊りは、平安時代に起源をもつともいわれ、元来、民衆の信仰を体現したものだった。現代では、伝統様式が保たれているもの以外にも、町内のイベントや生涯教育・健康推進活動、海外でのフェスティバル等、様々な形で行われている。このような多様性を有する日本の身体文化を、グローバル教育に活用した事例を報告したい。</p><p> 大学の全学生が履修可能な保健体育科目として、盆踊りを主題にした実技「Bon Dance」を実施している。主たる使用言語は英語とし、浴衣を着用して行う。留学生と日本人学生(帰国子女を含む)が混在する状況であり、個々の感じ方・考え方に齟齬が生まれやすい。しかしそのことが、かえって相互に新たな気づきをもたらしていると感じる。本報告を通して、異なる背景をもつ学生たちが、それぞれの視点を持ちつつ、固有の身体文化を共有し理解することの意義を考えてみたい。</p>
著者
伊藤 政展
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.93-100, 1979-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses suggested by a motivational account of hypnotic phenomena: (1) The performance on the hand dynamometer task in the hypnotic state without additional motivating suggestions (hypnosis per se) would be better than the performance in the waking state with no suggestions. (2) The performance on the hand dynamometer task in the hypnotic state with task motivating suggestions would be better than the performance in the waking state with the same suggestions, and also better than the performance in the hypnosis per se. Thirty university male students were employed as subjects (Ss) in the experiment, who were able to pass the item of arm catalepsy in the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS). Ss performed the hand dynamometer task under three experimental conditions which were completely counterbalanced (hypnosis per se, and hypnotic and waking states with task motivating suggestions) and three base level conditions, all intertrial intervals being 20 min. Ss were hypnotized with aid of HGSHS and were tested after passing the item of arm catalepsy. The results of Newman-Keuls test revealed that the hypnotic and waking suggestions resulted in significant increments in performance, but that the difference of the increment between both conditions was not significant. That is, two hypotheses were not confirmed here. However, the results of cluster analysis indicated that on the performance of Ss of high and medium levels of susceptibility to hypnosis, the two hypotheses were supported and that the induction of hypnosis tended to depress the performance of Ss of low susceptibility to hypnosis. These findings seem to suggest that the hypnotic susceptibility is one of the most important factors to determine the effects of hypnosis on muscular strength, and to provide an insight into the contradictions of hypnotic literature.
著者
高岡 治子
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.2, pp.391-407, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
1 2

Japanese married women only began participating widely in sports after the Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964. It is often said that participation in sports by housewives symbolized their liberation from isolated domestic life, thereby promoting gender equality. This thesis examines the development of housewives' sports activities and the characteristics of the sports institution, taking “Mums' Volleyball” as the main example, and concludes that those housewives undertook their role without themselves realizing that they were contributing to national economic growth, thereby exaggerating the sexual division of labor. The perpetuation of “housewifeliness” signifies repeated states in which housewives were liberated from their daily household routine, and then were empowered to fulfill their roles as home-makers even more effectively by the sports activities in which they participated. Thus the perpetuation of “housewifeliness” could be expressed as a circular diagram illustrating repeated liberation from “housewifeliness” and its prepetuation. With the development of their sports activities, the image of housewives changed from “isolated” to “cheerful”, and then to “autonomous”, and thus the circle could be considered a spiral diagram.In order to examine the concept of perpetuation of “housewifeliness”, how married women came to be regarded as “housewives” will be outlined, then the reasons why the housewives' sports movement occurred in the 1970s will be discussed. Finally, analysis of the institutional characteristics of “Mum's Volleyball”, such as ideology, rules, facilities for training, etc., will explain how “housewifeliness” was perpetuated.“Mums' Volleyball” was an informal name, and “Housewives' Volleyball” was the official one. Although since the 1970s, the word “housewife” has almost never been used because of its gender inference, it has been used in many cases with reference to sports activities by married women. As the word “housewife”, however, symbolized a good wife and mother, sports activities were accepted and acknowledged by their husbands and their families and, ultimately by society.The housewives who perpetuated “housewifeliness” contributed to the country's economic growth by ensuring that their husbands were always in top condition for work. In the meantime, they were required to have organizational skills, for example, skills for managing their teams, sports associations, and various tournaments in which they participated. Thus the housewives' sports activities could be said to have two faces: one was to free housewives from home-bound chores, encouraging them to have social empowerment, and the other was to accelerate their sexual division of labor as home-makers.