著者

青木 好子 伊藤 博子 木村 みさか

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, 2014

著者

松尾 博一 山田 幸雄 増地 克之 松元 剛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.353-367, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

31

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The purpose of this study was to extract current issues associated with the understanding of tackling techniques taught by college football coaches in Japan. The goal was to acquire fundamental information for a coaching method that would promote safe and effective tackling techniques. A total of 99 college football coaches from Japan (mean age 36.7±0.5 years) took part in the study. A questionnaire was conducted in order to understand key points that were considered important in their coaching methods. The results and observations can be summarized as follows. 1. Tackling techniques taught by football coaches in Japan often lead to concussions. This is due to coaching methods that focus heavily on tackling techniques with high concussion risks, and placing no importance on HUT-based tackling. In addition, their understanding of the “Hit” phase and “HUT” varies, leading to a greater possibility of teaching tackling with a high risk of concussion. 2. Regardless of factors such as age, the position taken as an active player, the instructor’s income, and coaching qualifications, coaches who do not have much player or coach experience have an increased tendency to teach tackling techniques associated with high risks of concussion and injury. 3. In order to prevent concussions and promote safer tackling coaching in Japan, it is crucial for coaches who have little experience in playing or coaching to have access to appropriate information and education opportunities, and for coach certification programs to be improved.

著者

梶原 玲 佐々木 吉蔵 上野 実 星 幸一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, 1981

著者

村井 友樹 李 燦雨

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.565-575, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

64

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The aim of this study was to clarify the background and features of implementation of the Nationwide Swimming Training for Conscription Candidates (NSTCC). The tasks of the study were to elucidate the 1) background, 2) preparation, 3) contents, and 4) results of NSTCC implementation.   The results of this study were as follows:   1)  After the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war, the problem of a lack of swimming ability was observed among soldiers, so municipal governments and the Ministry of Health and Welfare turned to the STCC as the solution.   2)  As the Sino-Japanese war was prolonged, the Ministry of Health and Welfare integrated the STCC, which had previously been conducted as a separate program, into one implementation throughout the whole country.   3)  After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the situation was worsening, and the lack of swimming ability in ground forces became obvious. To resolve this problem, the Ministry of Health and Welfare decided on a comprehensive implementation program, which was planned at the beginning of 1943, through the NSTCC.   4)  The NSTCC was supported by the Imperial Rule Assistance Association and its neighborhood associations. Since swimming training on a nationwide scale was not compulsory for all conscription candidates, the Imperial Rule Assistance Association mobilized conscription candidates to participate in training through different propagandas.   5)  The National Physical Training Association trained coaches for each prefecture and each implementation district. Most coaches in each implemental district were school teachers.   6)  In was recommended that the NSTCC be conducted using swimming pools, but a number of implementation districts did so in seas, rivers, or lakes.   7)  The first half of the NSTCC was intended to cultivate the ability to float, on the assumption that this ability was basic training in order for beginners to master swimming.   8)  During the second half of the NSTCC, attaining the technique of sidestroke or breaststroke was preferred. Each implementation district was able to choose a stroke (sidestroke or breaststroke).   9)  Disciplinary training was highly regarded in the NSTCC.   10)  As 95% of all participants were able to swim for more than 10 meters upon completing training, the NSTCC was judged to have been effective in eliminating a lack of swimming ability.

著者

谷中 拓哉 矢内 利政

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.799-810, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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In baseball batting, rotation around the long axis of the bat, know as " rolling ", has been observed. A batter who can attain a higher rolling speed before ball impact can achieve a higher rotation speed of the struck ball, which increases the ball’s flight distance. It has been suggested that batters who swing the bat with high nutation can attain a high rolling speed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of instruction aimed at increasing the rolling speed in baseball batting. Ten batters performed tee-stand batting under 2 conditions: a usual swing (CON1), and a swing after being instructed to position the bat vertically, and then swing by rapidly lowering the bat head (CON2). The three-dimensional motion of the bat was measured using a small accelerometer and gyro sensor attached to the grip-end of the bat. This sensor was able to measure the swing speed, swing time, rolling speed, swing angle (angle between the bat head velocity vector and the horizontal plane) and vertical angle of the bat (angle between the long axis of the bat and the horizontal plane) before ball impact and the swing trajectory from the start of the swing until ball impact. The rolling speeds employed were 726°/s (CON1) and 854°/s (CON2). The rolling speed for CON2 was significantly higher than that for CON1 (p <0.05). On the other hand, there was no evident difference in swing speed between CON1 (30.1 m/s) and CON2 (30.2 m/s), nor were there any differences in other swing parameters before ball impact. Batters who swung the bat at a high nutation speed in response to instruction increased the rolling speed, but those who were unable to change the swing trajectory and nutation speed failed to change the rolling speed. These results indicate that batters increase the rolling speed without changing swing parameters such as swing speed, swing time and the vertical angle of the bat in response to the above instruction.

著者

小木曽 一之 串間 敦郎 安井 年文 青山 清英

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.449-462, 1997

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The puropose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the pattern of change in the sprinting speed that is the final results of the sprinting movements, and (b) to find out whether the characteristics in the sprinting speed change due to the differences in age, sex, sprinting ability and training status. One-hundred thirty male and 123 female ordinary students aged 6 to 18, and 30 male and 23 female sprint runners aged 9, 10, 11 and 18 participated in this study. They were instructed to excute an exhaustive sprinting. Sprinting times ranged from about 20 to 30 sec. The elapsed times were measured every five meters in their sprinting. In the analysis, the polynomial curve fitting from 5th-degree to 9th-degree was used for the predictions of the sprinting distances with respect to the elapsed times every 0.1 sec. From the relations of the distances to times the following speeds were computed: 1) the sprinting speed that was computed by differentiating the sprinting distance, and 2) the average speed form start to the elapsed time every 0.1 sec. The sprinting speed reached the peak speed after about 6to 7 sec from start. The average speed showed the peak speed after about 15 sec from start. These characteristics with respect to time remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The time at the maximum average speed was particularly stable. The maximum average speed was about 90% of the maximum sprinting speed. This result also remained unchanged despite the differences in age, sex, sprinting performance and training status,respectively. These results indicate that the pattern of change in the sprinting speed with respect to time is rather constant without the distinction of age, sex, sprinting performance and training status. The sprinting performance, however, improved with age and by training. This result was mostly caused by the increase of the maximum sprinting speed with age and by training. These characteristics with respect to time and speed seem to cause the differences in the sprinting distance.

著者

岸本 肇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.82_3, 2018

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<p> 本研究は、旧東ドイツ(DDR)のサッカー選手"Jürgen Sparwassserの『自伝』を通して、社会現象としてとしてのスポーツのあり方について問題提起をしようとするものである。戦歴の素晴らしさはもちろんであるが、何よりも彼を有名な存在にしているのは、1974年6月22日、ワールドカップ・一次リーグ、ハンブルク・フォルクス・スタジアムにおける対西ドイツ戦において、1-0の決勝点の得点者であることと、1988年にDDRから逃亡したことの、2つである。</p><p> 1979年のシーズン終了後、引退した彼は、その後、サッカー指導者、スポーツ科学の研究者として、DDRで第二の人生を歩んで行くかに見えた。しかし彼は、1988年1月、西ドイツ側へ「逃亡」(Flucht)する)。やがて、時代は大きく変わり、1990年のドイツ統一、彼の活動も新たな展開を見せている。</p><p> 主たる報告内容は、「Sparwassserの幼少年期とKJS(青少年スポーツ学校)時代」「ワールドカップ1974、西ドイツとのDuell前後」「輝かしい選手経歴」「引退後、指導者・研究者への道」「逃亡後(西ドイツでの)の新たな課題」「現在のサッカー活動と社会的活動」である。</p>

著者

木庭 康樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, 2004

著者

冨田 幸祐

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.707-721, 2018

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This study was performed to clarify the issue of Japan's participation in the Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) held in Indonesia in 1963. Indonesia, which was officially banned by the International Olympic Committee from participating in the Olympic games due to its rejection of Taiwanese and Israeli participation in the 4th Asian Games in 1962, launched GANEFO as an alternative international sporting competition. Despite the fact that Indonesia invited Japan to GANEFO, the invitation was sent to neither the Japan Amateur Sports Association (JASA) nor the Japan Olympic Committee, but instead to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). This was because GANEFO was, by nature, inseparable from Indonesian national policy, and Indonesia suggested that Japan participate in the newly launched competition as a political request. The MFA preferred to avoid political intervention in sport and left the decision to JASA. However, the cabinet of Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda tried to address GANEFO's request in view of the relationship between Japan and Indonesia that existed in those days and the upcoming meeting between Prime Minister Ikeda and President Sukarno. In principle, Ikeda's cabinet needed to refrain from intervening in GANEFO (as it was a matter of sport), but in practice it was unavoidable for the cabinet to deal with GANEFO's request because of the highly political nature of the issue.

著者

奥村 基生 吉田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第55回(2004) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.246, 2004-09-01 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

奥村 基生 吉田 茂

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.245-257, 2007 (Released:2007-07-14)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the response selection of collegiate kendo players (mid- and high-level skill groups, n=9 for both groups) during matches from complex viewpoints. First, the subjects reported their own skill (or waza) knowledge utilized during practices and matches, and then participated in matches with players of the same group. We analyzed their thinking processes and frequencies of utilization of skill knowledge as processing contents, as well as the consequent processing times and starting times of defenders’ appropriate reactions to the response selection. Although differences in the thinking processes and processing times of the two groups were not significant, the high-level skill group utilized their skill knowledge more frequently and delayed the defenders’ appropriate reactions. The reported thinking processes, i.e., those that could be verbalized, reflected effective thought processes such as brief thinking. The processing times, which we expected to be significantly different between the two groups, were influenced by time variabilities produced by the players themselves, as they must utilize various processing methods in different match situations. Analysis of the processing contents also showed that the high-level skill group selected actions actively and frequently by using their skill knowledge to anticipate situations and assess non-immediate environmental information. This processing mode led to tactical “active response selection”, which we believe is an important factor in the creation of 100-ms delays in the appropriate reactions made by defenders, delays that translate into points scored. Such active response selection, which differs from passive processing of environmental information, i.e., the “passive response selection” that has been reported in highly skilled players in other sports studies, indicates that the processing mode in response selection changes according to the characteristics of a sport. Also, the mid-level skill group adopted passive response selection more frequently. Consequently, we suggest that 1) kendo players should aim towards active response selection, 2) should acquire effective skill knowledge, and 3) should utilize this knowledge actively and frequently in response selection.

著者

福田 純

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第43回(1992) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.895, 1992-10-31 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

山口 亮子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, 2014

著者

嶋津 航 髙山 史徳 丹治 史弥 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18089, (Released:2019-05-15)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2

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Heart rate (HR) monitoring, which reflects exercise intensity and environmental factors, is often used for pacing strategies in the marathon race. However, it is difficult to obtain appropriate feedback for only the HR value since cardiovascular drift (CV drift) occurs during prolonged exercise. Recently, cardiac cost (CC: HR divided by running velocity) has been shown to be a potential index for evaluation of CV drift during the marathon race. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between CV drift and performance in the marathon race. Fourteen male university student runners participated. They carried out incremental tests on a treadmill and took part in an actual marathon race. CV drift was evaluated from differences between CC in the 0-5-km section and over every 5-km section (ΔCC). The marathon performance was examined from two viewpoints: absolute performance (average running velocity during the race: Vmar), and relative performance (Vmar against velocity corresponding to ventilatory threshold: vVT achv.). Significant correlations were found between ΔCC and vVT achv. in the 25-30 km, 30-35 km and 35-40 km sections (r = −0.672, −0.671 and −0.661, respectively), suggesting that excessive CV drift had a negative impact on relative performance. We can therefore conclude that suppression of CV drift after 25 km is an important factor for improvement of relative performance.

著者

鈴木 康介 後藤 悠太 欠畑 岳 彼末 一之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18007, (Released:2019-04-18)

参考文献数

46

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This study was performed to devise an instructional program for children who were not good at sprinting and to verify the program’s effectiveness for improvement of sprinting ability and motion. The participants were 19 upper grade elementary school children who were not good at sprinting. The program included 2 drills with some teaching devices and running on flat markers. The children attended the program for 8 days (2 days per week) and each lesson lasted an hour. In order to validate the program outcome, sprint time (50 m), interval speed (every 10 m), average speed, maximal speed, rate of speed decline, interval and average step frequency and step length were analyzed, and sprint motions were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children’s 50 m times were below the national average. This suggested that their negative feelings toward sprinting resulted from the realization that they were unable to run as fast as other children. 2) The children’s sprint times were improved after the program, and a significant correlation between pre-time and post-pre time was revealed. It was also found that the greater the increase in the children’s step frequency, the faster their sprint times became. These results suggest that sprinting instruction allows low-performing children to increase their step frequency and improve their sprint times. 3) The main aim of the program was to improve children’s sprint motions in the mid sprint phase, and the participants practiced start motions only twice during the program. As a result, speeds from the start to 10 m, 20-50 m, and maximum speed were increased significantly by this practice, suggesting that significant changes of speed led to improvement of the sprint times. 4) Participants became able to swing back their leg under their body and to make contact with the ground with the middle or front of the foot. Therefore it was considered that the drills and running on flat markers with teaching devices were valuable for improving the children’s sprint motions. 5) Although the scissors-like leg motion was not improved by practice with a color board and bells, the kneefolding motion of the swing leg did appear to be improved. Therefore, the children seemed to acquire basic skill in more rapid scissors-like leg motion. These results suggest that our instructional program was effective in enabling children to improve their sprinting ability and motion. However, additional research focusing on aspects such as the relationship between sprinting ability and sprint motion, or individual feelings and motor competency in the context of sprinting, will be needed.

著者

木下 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.88_3-88_3, 2016

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<p> 日本水泳連盟の前身である大日本水上競技聯盟(以下「水連」)は、大日本体育協会が競技団体連合体に改組するのを機に、1925(大正14)年4月24日に国際水泳競技界を念頭に置いて設立された。これに対し、その半年後の同年10月1日に武道である日本泳法の競技としての向上普及を目指して発足したのが、日本游泳聯盟(以下[游連」)で、隅田川水練場の系譜とされる。文部省が学生参加を事実上禁止した1926年の第3回明治神宮競技大会「水上競技」では、その準備委員の主体は水連ではなく游連であって、プログラムは、前回実施種目を踏襲した第1部と新規の日本泳法種目だけの第2部の二本立てとされた。ともに創立間もない時期にあった水連と游連とは、甲乙つけがたい存在だったのである。しかし、游連は1930年以降神宮大会運営から除外され、水連との協調にも失敗して弱小団体化した。その終焉は不明であるが、1941年には日本泳法の競泳と競技の第14回大会を開催している。水連は1931年に標準泳法を制定し、1933年に水泳史研究会を発足させた。発表では、これが、游連を意識しての措置であったことを明らかにする。</p>

著者

平野 安男 広橋 義敬 金原 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, 1979

著者

鈴木 秀人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第69回(2018) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.83_1, 2018 (Released:2019-01-18)

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暴力的行為(体罰やしごき)が繰り返されてきた運動部の過去を振り返ると、それを行使する側の問題を問う必要があることは勿論であるが、結果的にそれを長期間にわたって許してきた側の問題を問うことも必要ではないか、というのが本研究の根底にある問題意識である。 暴力的行為を許してきた側を問う視点として発表者が着目してきたのは、かかる行為とその行使の基盤となっている監督と選手間や上級生と下級生間の封建的な上下関係の起源を旧軍隊の行動様式に求める「軍隊起源説」という俗説である。 発表では、当の軍隊が消滅してしまった後々まで、軍隊に起源があるとされる行動様式がなぜ運動部の中で継承されたのかを説明できないという弱点を持つにもかかわらず、我が国の多くの人々がこの説を共有してきた理由を明らかにし、暴力的行為を許容してきた側に見られる問題を新たに提起する。

著者

伊藤 浩志 村木 征人 森本 吉謙 杉林 孝法

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第54回(2003) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.541, 2003-08-26 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

鈴木 秀人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, pp.28_3-29, 2017

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<p> 私は体育科教育学が専門であり、学生への講義や実技指導とともに、現場の先生方とよりよい体育授業の在り方を検討している。そうした立場としては、歴史研究からの貢献を、例えば「体育理論」の授業で歴史研究の成果を活用できるというように矮小化したくはない。今回は体育授業の大半を占める実技の実践に焦点を当てて、目の前の授業を改善していく上で歴史研究を活かしてきたと考える私のこれまでの取り組みをいくつか紹介したい。教育現場では日々多くの授業実践がなされているが、「たとえ、ある特定の立場に立ってプログラムをつくろうとする意図的な企てがなかったとしても、それぞれのプログラムは、体育についての何らかの信念や思想を暗黙の裡に反映させている」というシーデントップの見解は、かかる取り組みの出発点となったものである。この見解をもとに、マニュアル的な指導法の習得に走りがちになる授業づくりの現実に対して向き合い、さらに授業の具体を考えていこうとする時に公式ルールを絶対視しないルールの工夫を導く手がかりを得たり、授業で常にもめごととなる審判の在り方について検討する時にも、歴史研究は重要な示唆を与えてくれてきたのである。</p>