著者
谷本 道哉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集 第67回(2016) (ISSN:24241946)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.155_1, 2016 (Released:2017-02-24)

背景:スポーツチャンバラは、子供から大人まで楽しめるレクリエーションスポーツである。スポーツチャンバラの運動特性を検証した研究は少ない。その生理学的負荷特性に関する知見を得ることには大きな意義がある。方法:被験者には10名の健常な成人男性を用いた。実験① 1分× 10ラウンドの1対1の自由乱取りを行い、その際の酸素摂取量等を測定した。実験② チャンバラの代表的な攻撃動作・よけ動作を行い、その際の床反力・筋活動レベルの評価を行った。実験③ チャンバラでの反りよけ動作を行いその際の体幹伸展角度の評価を行った。また、実験①-③すべてにおいて比較対象としてチャンバラ以外の動作での測定を行った。結果:実験① 10ラウンドのチャンバラの乱取りでの平均酸素摂取量は31.5 ± 5.9ml/min/kgであり、時速8kmの走行をやや上回る程度であった。実験② チャンバラの攻撃動作の上下肢の筋活動レベルおよびよけ動作の下肢の筋活動レベルはテニスのスイングと同程度であった。実験③ チャンバラの反りよけ動作の最大体幹伸展角度は95.6 ± 22.0°であり、ラジオ体操の後屈動作と同程度であった。
著者
竹﨑 一真
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, pp.187-203, 2020 (Released:2020-03-06)
参考文献数
61

Hattoushin (a 1:8 head:body length ratio) represents a distinctive way of defining female physical beauty. Discourse on this topic in Japan appeared during the postwar reconstruction period, sometimes referred to as “the age of the physical body,” as a representation of the ideal female physical image, and it continues to resonate with Japanese women today. This paper takes up the notion of hattoushin and addresses the following issues using Butler’s genealogical method for gender: ① What were the social contexts in which it emerged, and ② what techniques of body modification did it generate? ③ With a particular focus on female PE, in which the pursuit of physical beauty was incorporated, the position of PE as an essential element for femininity is explored. The aim of the present paper is to clarify how females and/or femininity were defined in terms of physical traits. The results are as follows. ① The emergence of hattoushin was due to the appearance and rise of fashion modeling as a profession, and of Ms. Kinuko Ito winning third place in the Miss Universe contest. However, the popularity of hattoushin was not merely because it came to be used as a description of the body. It was recognized as a well-developed “health and beauty” movement that could overcome the negative aspects of defeat/occupation and was regarded as a symbol of postwar female liberation. ② As a result of this rising attention to the female body form, hattoushin was recognized as the ideal that could be achieved through new techniques such as cosmetic gymnastics and “physical standard values” for visualizing ideal physical beauty. ③ Postwar female PE reform had a particularly strong influence on the development of female physical beauty culture, aiming to establish the independence of females under the slogan “Female PE with female hands”. In that process, the pursuit of physical beauty through cosmetic gymnastics took a central role. Female PE reform developed because postwar feminism itself evaluated the pursuit of physical beauty as a medium for subjective self-expression by women who were liberated. This process is similar to Butler’s statement “The feminist subject turns out to be discursively constituted by the very political system that is supposed to facilitate its emancipation”. That is, female PE itself, which is a feminist political system promoting female liberation, decided on an ideal form of femininity, and thus strengthened “female” categorization. More specifically, feminism itself called for the pursuit of physical beauty, and inspired many women.
著者
小林 育斗 加藤 謙一 阿江 通良
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.216_1, 2019

<p> 本研究では小学生男子の投動作をクラスター分析によってパターン分けし、そのバイオメカニクス的特徴を明らかにして、指導のための基礎的知見を得ることを目的とした。対象者は国公立小学校2校の男子とし、1年生18名、2年生13名、3年生16名、4年生13名、5年生18名、6年生16名、計94名のソフトボール投げを3次元動作分析し、投球腕の関節角度、体幹の部分角度などを算出した。さらに、関節角度および部分角度を変数としてクラスター分析をおこない、各群の平均的な動作を構築した。各学年の投距離では、1年生は7.4±2.6m、2年生は13.0±6.6m、3年生は14.6±3.9m、4年生は18.9±7.4m、5年生は17.2±4.5m、6年生は28.3±7.7mであった。動作パターンに分けられた各群をみると、平均投距離が大きい群ほど高学年児が多く存在する傾向にあり、平均投距離が小さい群では体幹の水平回転の動作範囲が小さい、リリース直前での肩の水平内転が大きいなどの特徴がみられた。また、平均投距離が小さい群には、低学年児だけでなく高学年児も存在した。このことから、小学生の投動作を指導する際には、児童の学年とともに動きのパターンも考慮する必要がある。</p>
著者
井上 功一郎 布目 寛幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.173_2, 2019

<p> 本研究は、サッカーのインステップキックによって、左右方向にボールを蹴り分けるためのインパクト技術について明らかにすることを目的とした。7名の大学サッカー選手が、30度の助走から11m前方のサッカーゴールに向けて、静止したボールをインステップキックする試技を行なった。その際、ゴールを縦に3等分した左、中、右の3つのエリアをそれぞれ狙った。足部とボールのインパクトの様子は、3台の高速度ビデオカメラを用いて2000Hzで撮影した。対象者1名あたり各エリア6試技、総計126試技のデータを取得し、分析した。インパクト時点における足部の甲の向きが、左右のボール進行方向に強い影響を及ぼす要素のひとつであることが明らかとなった。一方で、左右のボール進行方向と、インパクト時点における足関節の関節角度との間には、関係性が認められなかった。これらのことから、左右にボールを蹴り分けるためには、足部の姿勢を調整し、狙った方向に甲を向けてインパクトすることが重要であり、さらに、この姿勢の調整は、股関節など、足関節よりも近位の関節で行われるものと考えられた。</p>
著者
大久保 英哲
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.3, pp.157-173, 1993-09-01 (Released:2017-09-27)
被引用文献数
1 1

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Hayashi Shojuro's seldom explored translation, "Mokuba no Sho" (The Book of Wooden Horse) and its publishing history, and to determine its meaning for the modern physical education in Japan. "Mokuba no Sho" is more of a book on horse vaulting than simply a book on horse riding because of its description of the five kinds of exercises from the back of the horse and twelve exercises from the side of horse. The contents of this book are in complete agreement and comspicious similarity to the French Army's textbook on gymnastics instruction "Ministere de la guerre (1st Ed. 1847) :Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique". Therefore, it is unquestionable that "Mokuba no Sho" was translated from it. Hayashi Shojuro (1824-1896, formerly a professer of French at Kaiseisho, National Academic Institute) was one of the most famous scholars at the end age of the Edo period.From December 1866 to the early spring of 1868, he also held an additional post as the official French translator for the Japanese Army in the cavalry, artillery and infantry divisions. This was necessary because the Tokugawa Shogunate employed a party of military advisers from France, whose leader was Captain Chanoine. Even though the translation of "Mokuba no Sho" is not clearly dated, it can be presumed that it was prepared in 1867 because of Hayashi's occupation as a translator for the party of French Military advisers and his subsequent military service for the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Boshin civil war from early 1868. It is well known fact that the party of French military adviser seriously considered basic gymnastics as necessary for soldier training, and taught Japanese soldiers how to do gymnastics (rentaiho). Furthermore, in the memorial presented to shogunate in 1867 (The Chanoine Memorial), it is clearly written that the party had brought with them a fully illustrated book on gymnastics. Initially Hayashi Shojuro read the book as the official translator. He took particular notice of the section on horse vaulting as training for the cavalry and subsequently translated it into Japanese. The historical meanings of this book for physical education in modern Japan are as follows : 1. It is the oldest book dealing with the physical education of the west. 2. This is a memorable book in the history of Japanese physical education because it was the first academic study based on an original foreign text, "Ministere de lA guerre (1st Ed.1847) : Instruction pour l'enseignement de la gymnastique." 3. During the first half of the Meiji period French gymnastics were for the most part by the military. For example, "Taiso Kyohan" (Textbook of Gymnastics) was written by the military, modeled after the French version. It was later applied to physical education in Japan's middle school System. "Mokuba no Sho" was the first book in the history on French gymnastics in the Meiji period. 4. This is the first book in which the scientific term of the study of physical education as "shintai undo gaku" (science of physical movement) was used. 5. This book shows us that the apparatus of gymnastics in Japan was derived from the French military gymnastics, especially horse vaulting for the training of the cavalry. Above all, "Mokuba no Sho" is memorable as the book which introduced modern European physical education to Japan.
著者
鈴木 秀人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.4, pp.221-233, 1995-11-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

The educational movement "Kyouiku-gijyutsu-housokuka-undou" started in 1984. This movement emphasizes practical teaching methods without the sufficient examination on the objectives and the contents of school subjects; thus aims at the generalization of the normally diversified teaching skills. The purpose of this study is to especially examine the plans for physical education lessons in this movement. The fact that this movement has not sufficiently examined the objectives and the contents of education does not signify that the plans for physical education lessons in this movement is detached from the various philosophies of traditional physical education lessons. This inconspicuous relation between the plans for physical education lessons in this movement and the theories of physical education lessons of the past will be the focal point of this study. The analysis conducted in this study on the objectives proposed by Youichi Mukouyama, the founder of this movement, exposed an evident similarity between the Mukouyama's way of thinking on physical education lessons and one of the past philosophies of physical education "education-through-the-physical" which had been popular from 1945 to 1970's in Japan. Consequently, his way of thinking implicitly reflects the philosophies of "education-through-the-physical". This implies the possibility that the teachers like Mukouyama who don't examine the objectives or contents of education could not escape the influence of the educational paradigm of the past and are constricted to the reproduction of the deficient traditional lessons.
著者
佐竹 隆
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.3, pp.253-262, 2006 (Released:2008-01-25)
参考文献数
92
被引用文献数
2 1

The study of human growth and development is a basic science, and such studies focus on age-related changes in morphology and physiology mainly during the first 20 years of life. During this period, rapid changes occur in size, physique and body composition and in various body systems. Already, many issues related to such changes have been suggested by the Subcommittee on Growth and Development of the Japanese Society of Physical Education. The study of growth and development as a rule does not deal with urgent problems; rather, issues related to age- and sex-associated variation and to the timing and tempo of the growth spurt and sexual maturation tend to dominate research in this area. This paper reviews several issues related to these broad topical areas: longitudinal studies, secular trends, the human growth curve, physiological age, and physical performance and activity. (1) Longitudinal studies are essential for understanding the processes of growth and development, especially for investigating individual differences among individuals. There are, however, difficulties associated with longitudinal designs so that there have been relatively few complete longitudinal studies. (2) Secular trends in body size and the timing of maturation were general phenomena in Japan, Europe and the United States, although the trends have slowed and/or stopped in some countries. It is, however, still important to understand factors that underlie secular trends. (3) Translating data for individuals into growth curves is a common method for analyzing human growth. To this end, mathematical fitting of curves to data for individual children is an important method that permits identification of important markers, especially peak height velocity and age at peak height velocity, among others. There are several protocols for curve fitting. (4) Physiological age is a concept that relates to the biological maturity status of individuals. Bone (skeletal) age and dental age are common indicators, but there have been only a few applications in clinical areas and in biological anthropology/human biology. (5) Interest in growth- and maturity-related changes in physical performance and activity is rapidly increasing, especially in the context of the current epidemic of childhood obesity and the apparent decline in physical fitness and activity. Physical activity is often considered important to support normal growth and maturation, but its specific effects require systematic evaluation.
著者
柴崎 雛子 大木 雄太 國部 雅大
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集 第70回(2019) (ISSN:24241946)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.125_2, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

ラクロスの大きな特徴はクロスを用いてボールを扱うことにある。本研究では捕球技能に着目し、クロスを用いた捕球の特徴と競技レベルによる違いを検討することを目的とした。女子ラクロス選手13名(上位群6名、下位群7名)が、20m前方から投げられたボールをクロスおよび野球グローブを用いて捕球する課題を各条件10試行行った。捕球率・歩数・捕球地点までの動き方・頭頂部を基準とした捕球位置の高さなどの観点から分析した。その結果、捕球率はクロス条件で上位群88%・下位群70%、グローブ条件で上位群80%・下位群51%となり、下位群はグローブ条件で捕球率が下がる傾向にあった。更にクロス条件・グローブ条件いずれでも下位群の歩数は上位群より有意に多く、捕球位置までの動き方をみると1歩目を落下地点と逆方向に踏み出す傾向がみられた。頭頂部を基準とした捕球位置の高さは下位群が上位群に比べて有意に高く、頭上で捕球する傾向があることが分かった。以上のことから、下位群は上位群に比べ落下地点への到達に多くの歩数を要しており、ボールの軌道・落下地点の予測能力が低いことが示唆された。
著者
榎屋 剛 平野 智也 野澤 巧 尹 鉉喆 藤戸 靖則 柏木 悠 船渡 和男
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
日本体育学会大会予稿集 第70回(2019) (ISSN:24241946)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.185_2, 2019 (Released:2019-12-20)

【目的】異なる投球速度に対するタイミング調節の鍵となる野球打撃動作の局面を検討すること。【方法】屋外の野球場において、5名の大学生選手が1名の投手から投球されたボールを打撃した。この際の球種はストレート(球速:約110~135km/h)であり、投手はランダムに緩急をつけた投球を行った。投手と打者の動作は、同期した2台の高速度カメラ(300fps)を用いて撮影し、投手のリリースの時刻に対する打者の各動作(前足のつま先離地、つま先接地、踵着地、インパクト)の時刻を算出した。【結果および考察】投球速度と打者の前足つま先離地およびつま先接地時刻には有意な相関関係が示されなかった。一方、投球速度の増加に伴い、打者の前足踵着地時刻が短くなった。また、投球速度と打者の前足つま先接地から踵着地の局面間の時間に有意な負の相関関係が示された。従って、打者の前足つま先接地から踵接地の局面間の時間は、異なる投球速度に対する打者のタイミング調節にとって重要であることが示唆された。