著者

木原 資裕 山本 貞美 松井 敦典 大友 智

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, 1994-08-25

著者

伊藤 章 市川 博啓 斉藤 昌久 佐川 和則 伊藤 道郎 小林 寛道

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.260-273, 1998-11-10

被引用文献数

6

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The present study was designed to investigate the kinematic factors related to sprint running velocity. The subjects were 71 sprinters(49 males and 22 females)who ranged from world class to collegiate level. Movements were recorded around the 60-m point from the start line during a 100-m race(during official races including world championships in athletics, or under experimental conditions)using 16-mm movie or video cameras. The official best time during recording of the movements was 9.86. The correlation coefficients between kinematic data(see Fig.1)and sprint running velocity were calculated for three groups(male, female, and all sprinters). Step length and step length index(step length/body height to exclude the effects of body height)were correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for all groups(male, female, and all sprinter). Step frequency and step frequency index[step frequency・(body height/gravitational acceleration)^<1/2>to exclude the effects of body height]were correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for all groups except male sprinters with regard to step frequency. With regard to leg swing, maximal thigh angle and maximal leg angle showed no significant correlation with sprint running velocity, but the minimal knee angle showed a singificant negative correlation with sprint running velocity for both male and all sprinters. These results suggest that the purpose of high knee drills generally carried out during training needs to be reconsidered. The maximal leg touch down velocity showed a significant positive correlation with sprint running velocity for both female and all sprinters. This probably means that the leg touch down velocity acts to reduce the deceleration at the moment of foot contact and to accelerate the subsequent leg swing back velocity during the foot contact phase. As for the support leg, the maximal leg swing velocity showed a significant positive correlation with sprint running velocity for all groups. Although the maximal hip extension velocity during the foot contact phase was correlated positively and significantly with sprint running velocity for male sprinters, the maximal knee and ankle extension velocity showed a significant negative correlation with sprint running velocity for female and all sprinters. These results suggest that the knee should not be extended to transfer the hip extension velocity effectively to the leg swing velocity during the foot contact period. This was borne out by the fact that the top sprinters entered in the present study hardly extended the knee of the driving leg during the foot contact phase.

著者

池下 美智香 大越 正大 萩 裕美子

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, 2015-08-25

著者

高橋 佳伸 川崎 眞二 加賀 勝

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, 1996-08-25

著者

木下 秀明

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.33-48, 2006-01-10

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This paper attempts to clarify the process of change from Gekiken and Kenjutsu to Kendo at the beginning of the 20th Century. The former two terms were widely used to mean swordsmanship with a bamboo sword. However, only the latter term is currently employed, despite the fact that it had been scarcely used at the time of the former two. At the end of the 19th Century, Gekiken was disliked by intellectuals because it marked a change from a real martial art to competition with a bamboo sword, and Kendo began to find favor instead of Gekiken even though the principle of Kendo had not been properly defined. In 1908, Shizuo Sakaguchi, a student, suggested that the concept of Kendo should consist of not only Kenjutsu training but also the mental discipline that is required for swordsmanship. However, his ideas did not gain immediate acceptance. In 1909, the Tokyo Higher Normal School changed the term Gekiken to Kendo, thus following the mainstream trend of adopting Kendo without any set idea of its content. Although in 1911 the Ministry of Education permitted Gekiken to be taught in secondary schools, the School intended to retain the term Kendo as a descriptor, and therefore it became necessary to properly define its content. Accordingly, Michiaki Nagai, the only professor of gymnastics at the School, emphasized the mental aspects of Kendo, as the suffix "-do" means "the way" for perfection of swordsmanship, as opposed to Gekiken and Kenjutsu, as the terms mean literally "hitting with" and "handling" a sword. The first special school for swordsmanship instructors was set up by the Ministry in 1911, and thereafter use of the term Kendo spread to all schools. The final aspect of this change of thought was the adoption of the term Budo instead of Bujutsu, meaning "martial art", by the Great Japan Martial Virtue Association in 1919.

著者

菱田 慶文

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.55, 2004-09-01

著者

秋田 信也 湯田 秀行 中沢 克江 菊池 武道 森 恭 須田 芳正 湯田 一弘 西林 和彦

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.52, 2001-08-10

著者

渡辺 一郎 斎藤 武利 勝田 隆 河野 一郎

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, 1999-09-15

著者

真田 久

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, 2002-08-30

著者

藤井 勝紀

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.523-539, 2003-09-10

被引用文献数

3

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The hypothesis that menarche is delayed in female athletes has not been verified, despite many studies widely eported in the US and a few investigations conducted in Japan. The purpose of the present study was to examine statistically whether regular sports training for female athletes in childhood delays the age at menarche. Health examination records and history of exercise were investigated for 144 female high school senior athletes in the Tokai area, who had participated in competitions at the national level. The investigations covered the period from the first grade of elementary school until the final year of high school (from 1985-1987 to 1996-1998). The sports played by the subjects included track and field (n=21), basketball (n=15), volleyball (n=21), softball (n=7), tennis (n=16), soft tennis (n=25), hockey (n=8), judo (n=19), table tennis (n=6), handball (n=3) and swimming (n=3). Longitudinal data for height and weight were obtained from health examination records. Age at menarche was obtained by questionnaire (from recollection). The control group comprised 78 female non-athletes investigated in a similar manner to the athlete group. Delay in menarche was judged from the interval between menarche and physical maturation level. Ages at maximum peak velocity (MPV) of height in the athletes and control groups were derived using the wavelet interpolation method (WIM) as the criterion for maturation level. The interval between age at menarche and age at MPV of height was then derived for each group. The difference in the derived age interval between the two groups was tested for significance (t test) to compare the athletes and the controls. In addition, age at menarche and age at MPV of height were compared between the groups. The results were then used to determine whether menarche in female athletes was delayed. It was found that the age at menarche was significantly later in athletes (12.82 ± 1.15 years) than in the control group (12.11 ± 0.90 years), with the exception of table tennis players (P<0.01). However, age at MPV of height did not differ significantly between the groups, except for tennis players. A significant difference in the age interval between MPV of height and menarche was observed between the control group (1.08 ± 0.74 years) and the athlete groups (1.75 ± 1.23 years), with the exception of tennis and table tennis players (P<0.01). It may be concluded from these results that regular sports training for female athletes in childhood delays the age at menarche.

著者

木下 秀明

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, 1997-08-29

著者

山中 鹿次

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.60, 2009-08-26

著者

佐々木 史之 鈴木 悠介 北見 好 藤田 主一 楠本 恭久

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.59, 2008-09-09

著者

妹尾 江里子

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, 1988-08-20

著者

吉岡 利貢 森 健一 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

no.62, 2011-09-25

著者

内田 勇人 諸冨 嘉男

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, 1997-08-29

著者

新井 博

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.573-582, 2004-11-10

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this paper was to clarify the situation in the Department of Defense of Austro-Hungary, which dispatched Major Theodor von Lerch to Japan in 1910. The historical materials referred to were the official documents saved at the General Staff Office in Vienna and the articles left in Japan by von Lerch. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) As a task in the General Staff Office in Vienna, von Lerch had started to study the conditions of the Army in the Far East from 1906. (2) The General Staff Office in Vienna attempted his dispatch to investigate the conditions of the army in three countries on the eve of World War I. (3) The Ministry of Defense in Austro-Hungary decided to dispatch von Lerch to Japan for the benefit of the army and his advantage in carrying out the assigned tasks. However, von Lerch himself had an interest in Japan. (4) The Ministry of Defense in Austro-Hungary communicated with the Ministry of Foreign affairs and its military attache in Japan and China, requesting that it enter into negotiations to accomplish the dispatch of von Lerch. (5) von Lerch's wish to be allowed to study on an assignment with the Japanese Army was accepted by both the Japanese and Chinese governments as a result of ten months of negotiations.

著者

釜崎 太

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.48, 1997-08-29

著者

小林 ゆい 森下 はるみ

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育學研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.77-88, 2000-01-10

被引用文献数

4

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A study was performed to clarify the relationship between basic movements and respiration patterrn in Kyogen, a Japanese traditional performing art. The subjects were three professional Kyogen actors (Oukura-ryu, Yamamoto-ke), with performing careers of 10, 19 and 53 years, respectively. The latter subject had been designated an important intangible cultural property. The subjects were asked to perform four typical Shosa (kata) at three speeds and three Komai-a chain of dance movements. We recorded the respiration curve using a rubber strain gauge placed on the actor's thorax, and observed the relationship between movements and respiration phase, cycle, and ratio of inspiration time to expiration time. The results were as follows:Shosa (kata)Subj.10-year career : Regardless of movement speed, the respiration phases were harmonized, which is a typical feature of sports performance.Subj.53-year carrer : In all shosa, the respiration phases were independent of movements. However the respiration cycle and the ratio of inspiration time to expiration time were proportional to the speed of movement. Subj.19-year career : The subject showed features intermediate between those of the subjects with 10- and 53-year careers. Komai Subjs.with 19-and 53-year careers : The respiration curve was independent of movement, and appeared similar to that during the singing of "Utai" music by Jiutai actors. It was found that the the respiration curves between basic movements and the respiration pattern in Kyogen gradually changed from harmonization to separation, according to the actor's skill. However, during performance of "Utai", the respiration pattern was harmonized with the "Utali" melody.

著者

島 健 吉田 章 島 美紀

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, 1991-09-10