著者

小山内 秀和 岡田 斉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.167-174, 2011

被引用文献数

4

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Readers may have various experiences while reading a narrative, such as imagining the world described in the narrative, empathizing with the protagonist, and thinking about the author of the narrative or the real world. Referred to as "reader response" in literary theory, these experiences are important topics in the study of a reader's interactions with a literary text. To investigate differences among individuals in the degree of openness to these experiences during narrative comprehension, we translated the Literary Response Questionnaire (LRQ) developed by Miall and Kuiken (1995) and selected 37 items from the original scale to develop a Japanese version (LRQ-J). This survey was administered to 497 undergraduate students. The results showed that all subscales of the LRQ-J had internal consistency. Respondents' scores showed significant correlations with fantasy proneness, imaginative involvement, imagery vividness, and ego-resiliency. The results suggest that the LRQ-J has sufficient reliability and validity. The psychological characteristics of experiences assessed by the LRQ-J are discussed.

著者

永房 典之 菅原 健介 佐々木 淳 藤澤 文 薊 理津子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.470-478, 2012

被引用文献数

7

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Behavioral standards are an important determinant of delinquent behavior. The present study investigated the associations between behavioral standards and juvenile delinquency of children in reformatory institutions. A total of 1 248 children in reformatory institutions completed the Standard for Public Space Scale (SPS). The resulting alpha coefficients suggested that the SPS had high internal reliability. Factor analysis revealed five factors: (a) Public Values, (b) Egocentric, (c) Regional-standards, (d) Peer-standards, and (e) Care about Others. Cluster analysis revealed that juvenile delinquency experiences fell into two clusters of "likelihood of committing a crime" and "committing a crime". In addition, ANOVAs suggested that juvenile delinquents in reformatory institutions had higher scores on factors of Egocentric and Peer-standards on the behavioral standards, compared to juvenile non-delinquents. The value of using the Standard for Public Space Scale for the study of juvenile delinquency was discussed.

著者

安達 智子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.479-488, 2012

被引用文献数

1

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Interest in a science and technology career, and determinants of such interest, were investigated. In Study 1, self-efficacy for work activities and interest in a science and technology career were assessed. Participants were undergraduate students (<I>n </I>= 264; 132 men, 132 women) and graduates (<I>n </I>= 276; 146 men, 130 women). Graduates were more interested in a science and technology career than undergraduate students, and men were more interested in a technology career than women. Moreover, self-efficacy for realistic and investigative activities was positively related with interest in such a career. In Study 2, relationships between self-efficacy for realistic and investigative activities and childhood experiences were investigated using data from undergraduates (<I>n </I>= 262; 132 men, 130 women) and graduates (<I>n </I>= 274; 141 men, 133 women). Individuals who frequently experienced daily activities, activities in nature, and activities with animals and plants in their childhood had higher self-efficacy for realistic and investigative activities. Moreover, graduates had such past experiences more frequently than undergraduates and males more frequently than females.

著者

村上 一真

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.461-469, 2012

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This paper examines the determinants, and interrelationships, of trust of the Forest Administration by using structural equation modeling with questionnaire data from 1 500 residents in six prefectures. The proposed model demonstrates that value similarity, ability and intention are determinants of the trust of the Forest Administration. There is a causal relationship of intention to value similarity. Furthermore, multiple group analysis in the structural equation modeling showed that the group with high interest in local forest problems showed a relatively large influence of intention and value similarity, compared to the low interest group, where intention and ability had a relatively large influence.

著者

兪 善英 松井 豊

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.5, pp.440-449, 2012

被引用文献数

3

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The present study focused on attitudes related to inhibiting spousal disclosure about stress as an influential factor for the mental health of firefighters. In a pilot study using semi-structured interviews (<I>N</I> = 14), we found that some firefighters usually did not talk about their stresses with their spouses. Some reasons were that they were hiding their weakness, were feeling sure of controlling their stress, out of consideration for their spouse, were giving up on the possibility for improving the situation after spousal disclosure, or hoped to distract themselves. In a subsequent questionnaire survey (<I>N</I> = 554), the results showed that attitudes about inhibiting spousal disclosure of stress have an effect on spousal disclosure about stress and the mental health of firefighters. The findings of the present study imply that spousal disclosure about interpersonal stress can be regarded as an effective factor, along with the disclosure to colleagues, for relieving stress. It is necessary to consider the importance of attitudes about inhibiting disclosure for stress as part of stress management for firefighters.

著者

伊藤 正哉 川崎 直樹 小玉 正博

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.6, pp.560-568, 2011

被引用文献数

4

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Previous research and theory (Crocker & Wolfe, 2001; Kernis, 2003) suggests that adaptive self-esteem stems from just being oneself, and is characterized by a sense of authenticity (SOA). Maladaptive self-esteem is derived from meeting external standards and social comparisons, and is characterized by a sense of superiority (SOS). Thus, the qualitative difference between SOA and SOS depends on the sources of self-esteem. We hypothesized that SOA is related to internal sources of self-esteem, while SOS is related to external sources. In order to control for covariance, global self-esteem was also examined in a questionnaire survey of self-esteem that was administered to 273 university students. The results of a partial correlation analysis showed that SOA was positively correlated with internal sources of self-esteem such as committed activities and efforts for self-development. In contrast, SOS was positively correlated with external sources of self-esteem such as approval from others and appearance. These results mainly support our hypotheses.

著者

藤田 知加子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.38-44, 1999

被引用文献数

2 1

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The processing of Japanese written words has been supposed to depend only on their script, namely Kanji or Kana. There are, however, Kanji-Kana-combined-words (KKW; e.g., _??__??__??_), which signify their meanings as a whole. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the recognition unit corresponding to visual form information of the KKW is used in the lexical decision task. Experiment I showed that the more the number of the Kana letters was, the longer the recognition time of the KKW with unfamiliar script (e.g., _??__??__??_) was, while the effect was not obtained for the KKW with familiar script (e.g., _??__??__??_). In Experiment II, the lexical decision latency tended to be reduced by the existence of blank (s) between letters in the KKW with unfamiliar script. However, this effect was not obtained for the KKW with unfamiliar script. All these results suggest that the KKW is processed using the recognition unit which corresponds to visual form information of the whole-word.

著者

下田 芳幸 寺坂 明子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.347-356, 2012

被引用文献数

4

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This study developed the Japanese version of the Multidimensional School Anger Inventory (MSAI; Smith & Furlong, 1998). The MSAI was devised to assess anger in the school context from a multidimensional perspective, which includes Anger Experience (affective component), Cynical Attitude (cognitive component), Destructive Expression and Positive Coping (behavioral component). The responses of 3 443 students from elementary to high school, age 10 to 17 on the Japanese version of the MSAI were used in the analyses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified that the four-factor structure of the J-MSAI was the same as for the original MSAI. The reliability of the scale was supported by internal consistency and test-retest stability for the subscales. The construct validity of the scale was supported by cross-instrument correlations. Furthermore, the results showed that junior high and high school students had higher scores for Cynical Attitude than elementary school students, whereas developmental level had little effect on Anger Experience and Destructive Expression.

著者

吉本 早苗 竹内 龍人

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.357-362, 2012

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It is known that a directionally ambiguous test stimulus is perceived to move in the same direction as a brief preceding priming stimulus when both stimuli are presented at the same retinal location (visual motion priming). To examine the spatial properties of visual motion priming under different retinal illuminance, we manipulated the distance between the priming and test stimuli. Participants judged the perceived direction of 180 deg phase-shifted, thus directionally ambiguous, sine-wave gratings (test stimulus) displayed immediately after the offset of a smoothly drifting priming stimulus. The distance between priming and test stimuli was varied from 0 to 10 deg in visual angle. Since the spatial summation area broadens under low retinal illuminance, we predicted that visual motion priming would be more conspicuous under mesopic vision than under photopic vision. Contrary to this prediction, as the retinal illuminance decreased and the distance between the primer and the test stimulus increased, the test stimulus was perceived to move in the direction opposite to the priming stimulus. We speculate that different motion integration systems are functioning depending on the retinal illuminance.

著者

松本 亜紀 箱田 裕司 渡辺 めぐみ

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.337-346, 2012

被引用文献数

12

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We have developed a group Stroop Color-Word Test that measures both Stroop and reverse-Stroop interference. In this test, the participants had to match a pertinent word with a color patch from among the choices printed on paper. The purpose of this study was to investigate the life-span development of Stroop and reverse-Stroop interference as measured by this test. A total of 1 945 participants (age 7─86 years old) completed this test. We found that Stroop interference was greatest among children, then decreased with age to adulthood, and finally increased among the older people. These results correspond with the findings of previous developmental studies conducted using verbal responses. The reverse-Stroop interference was found to be smallest among children, increased with age to adulthood, and then remained constant even among older adults. These results suggest that Stroop interference and reverse Stroop interference reflect different cognitive processes.

著者

岡田 涼 谷 伊織 大西 将史 中島 俊思 辻井 正次

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.44-50, 2012

被引用文献数

5

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This study developed a Japanese version of the Child Social Preference Scale, which measures children's social withdrawal. In addition, we examined developmental changes of children's withdrawal and the relationships between withdrawal and problematic behaviors. The participants were 7 012 mothers of preschool, elementary school, and middle school children. A factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution of shyness and social disinterest, which is consistent with previous studies. Shyness decreased as children's grade level increased. Social disinterest changed in a quadratic manner. The shyness score was lowest in the lower grades of elementary school. Shyness was related to more emotional symptoms, more peer relationship problems, and less prosocial behavior. Social disinterest was related to peer relationship problems. The importance of the distinction between shyness and social disinterest is discussed.

著者

稲葉 美里 高橋 伸幸

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.27-34, 2012

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Although social solidarity is an essential component that helps maintaining social order, what produces solidarity and how does it work have not been fully investigated. We conducted an experiment to examine whether experiencing different forms of social exchange produces different levels of solidarity. We compared four forms of social exchange: reciprocal exchange (exchange resources without negotiation), negotiated exchange (with negotiation), pure-generalized exchange (giver can choose who to give) and chain-generalized exchange (giver cannot choose who to give). Two dimensions classify these exchanges: the number of players (two vs. more than two), and involvement of negotiation. Reciprocal and negotiated exchanges occur within dyads, while pure- and chain-generalized exchanges involve three or more players. Only the negotiated exchange involves negotiation process; the other exchanges are purely unilateral giving. Participants played a one-shot social dilemma game (SDG) before and after social exchange session. The more the players cooperated in SDG, the stronger the social solidarity. Results show that the cooperation rate in SDG increased more in the reciprocal, pure- and chain-generalized exchange conditions than that in the negotiated exchange condition, suggesting that social solidarity is facilitated by experiencing social exchange which does not involve negotiation.

著者

樋口 匡貴 中村 菜々子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.3, pp.234-239, 2010

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This research focused on (a) embarrassment at the time of condom purchase or use, and (b) stages of change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) as psychological factors related to the use of condoms. A written questionnaire was completed by 376 university students. For condom purchases, ANOVAs revealed that scores for "intent of behavior" increased as participants moved from the "precontemplation" stage to the "action" stage. The scores for embarrassment, and many factors of embarrassment, were lower in the "action" stage than in the other stages. However, the patterns of condom use scores were unclear. These results indicate that with regard to condom purchases, persons who are in the "preparation" or earlier stages (i.e., persons who are not purchasing condoms) are particularly susceptible to embarrassment.

著者

岡林 秀樹 大井 直子 原 一雄

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.127-133, 1995

被引用文献数

1

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Thls study examined the changes in college students' view of life through three periods: the 1960s, 80s, and 90s. Approximately 3000 students at a liberal arts college responded at least once during the periods to a questionnaire with 13 descriptions (13 Ways to Live; Morris, 1956). Factor analyses, with principal component analysis and varimax rotation, found four factors that were common to the three subject groups. An examination of factor scores revealed that the first factor, "Sympathy and Service, " decreased while the fourth, "Comfort and Variety, " increased in the 80s and 90s, suggesting that an individualistic yet conforming tendency became more prominent in the latter periods than the 60s. While the third factor, "Active Action, " increased during the four college years in the 60s, it decreased in the 80s. These changes may have reflected the campus unrest in the 60s and the subsequent student apathy in the 80s. A recent increase in the fourth factor, especially among sophomores, seems to reflect the current characteristics in college students' view of life, namely a "moratorium" tendency.

著者

西野 泰代 小林 佐知子 北川 朋子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.3, pp.252-257, 2009

被引用文献数

3

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This study investigated self-worth as a mediator between socio-environmental experiences and depression. A sample of 255 fifth and sixth grade students completed self-report questionnaires assessing self-worth, depression, and socio-environmental experiences of social support and stressors. Data for both males and females showed a direct effect of "friend support" on depression. However,for males,but not females, self-worth also mediated the influence of "friend support" on depression.

著者

三浦 麻子 松村 真宏 北山 聡

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.446-452, 2008

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Weblogs are one of the most popular personal websites in Japan, where entries are made in journal style and displayed in reverse chronological order. This study examined the relationship between weblog authors' target audience (i.e., orientation) and the actual situations depicted in their weblogs by combining a questionnaire survey of the authors with an analysis of their weblog content data. Based on a questionnaire survey of 736 Japanese weblog authors, their target audience was divided into four clusters: (a)general public, (b)self, (c)self and offline friends, and (d)various others. To assess the actual situations depicted in their weblogs, the amount of happy and unhappy emotional expression in their writing and the frequency of interpersonal communication (comments, bookmarks, and trackbacks) were calculated from their log data. The results suggested that weblog authors wrote different types of content and used different types of communication depending on their audience, whereas the weblog content itself still showed the diary-like characteristic of personal daily-life records.