著者

黒田 亮

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.98, pp.178-188, 1920

著者

梅本 堯夫

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.23-28, 1951

被引用文献数

3 7

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In this study the writer has determined the association values of 1016 Japanese two syllable nonsense words. These syllables were divided into four groups, and each group was read to two classes of Ss in reversed order. Ss were 404 high school students. After giving sufficient information on the nature of the association performance, the E reads the syllables at the rate of one syllable per five seconds. Ss were instructed to write down any associated word, while attending to the experimenter's reading. When there was no time to write down any, Ss had to mark a circle on the syllable. When they found the word impressive, though not meaningful, Ss had to mark a triangle. The association values ranged from 82% (o-pe) to 3% (pu-nu), the average was 26.02%. The reliability was tested by caliculating the coefficients of correlation between the results of two classes of Ss, performed on the same list, and between boys and girls in the same class. These values were r=0.49 and r=0.76 respectively.

著者

織田 弥生 髙野 ルリ子 阿部 恒之 菊地 賢一

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.6, pp.579-589, 2015 (Released:2015-02-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 3

---

We developed the 33-item Emotion and Arousal Checklist (EACL), which consisted of five subscales to assess emotions (Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, and Happiness) and four subscales to assess arousal (Energetic arousal +, Energetic arousal −, Tense arousal +, and Tense arousal −). This checklist was developed to assess psychological state, both at a given moment and during the past week. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses identified nine subscales, whose internal consistency was indicated by their reliability. In Study 2, the EACL’s validity was demonstrated by its correlation with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Mood Scale, General Arousal Checklist, Japanese UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, and Profile of Mood States. In Study 3, changes caused by tasks that involved either reading emotion-inducing articles or performing a calculation indicated the validity of the EACL for measuring psychological state at a given moment. Further, the test-retest reliability of the EACL for assessing psychological state during the past week was confirmed. These studies confirmed the reliability and the validity of the EACL.

著者

森 数馬 岩永 誠

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13401, (Released:2014-10-01)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

2

---

While enjoying music and other works of art, people sometimes experience “chills,” a strong emotional response characterized by a sensation of goose bumps or shivers. Such experiences differ from having goose bumps as a defense response or from shivering in reaction to cold temperatures. The current paper presents the phenomenon of music-induced chills and reviews the chill-related emotional response, autonomic nervous system activity, and brain activity. It also reviews the musico-acoustic features, listening contexts, and individual differences that cause chills. Based on the review, we propose a hypothetical model regarding the evocation of music-induced chills. Furthermore, we investigate the strong emotional response associated with chills by exploring the relationship between music-related chills and non-music-related chills, and discuss future research directions.

著者

WALTER H. EHRENSTEIN 濱田 治良

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

Japanese Psychological Research (ISSN:00215368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.158-169, 1995-10-25 (Released:2009-02-24)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

10 12

---

Size contrast was studied in the Ebbinghaus illusion with inducing circles (ICs) that were either larger or smaller than the central test circle (TC). Four ICs formed either squares or diamonds; or in a mixed-size condition four large ICs alternated with four small ICs. Figures were presented on printed cards and studied as a function of IC-TC distance, or displayed on a computer screen at various angles of orientation. A separate circle, presented left or right of an Ebbinghaus figure and varying in size, served for simultaneous comparision. A general overestimation was found for figures presented right from the comparison circle. Size contrast diminished with increasing IC-TC distance for small ICs, but increased for large ICs. Square arrays had stronger inducing effects than diamonds with small ICs, but weaker with large ICs: the mixed-size condition resulted in a small underestimation. Furthermore, size contrast depended systematically on the angle of IC-array orientation. The Ebbinghaus illusion thus obeys structural factors in a rather peculiar way, suggesting the necessity of a compound model of size contrast.

著者

後藤 崇志 石橋 優也 梶村 昇吾 岡 隆之介 楠見 孝

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13233, (Released:2015-01-15)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

4 7

---

We developed a free will and determinism scale in Japanese (FAD-J) to assess lay beliefs in free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability. In Study 1, we translated a free will and determinism scale (FAD-Plus) into Japanese and verified its reliability and validity. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between the FAD-J and eight other scales. Results suggested that lay beliefs in free will and determinism were related to self-regulation, critical thinking, other-oriented empathy, self-esteem, and regret and maximization in decision makings. We discuss the usefulness of the FAD-J for studying the psychological functions of lay beliefs in free will and determinism.

著者

淀野 耀淳

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.14, pp.301-309, 1913

著者

今田 惠

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.195-204, 1935

---

This study was planned with both practical and theoretical interest. From the practical point of view, I wanted to determine the nature of Zimmermann's colour paper, which is usually used for ordinary psychological experiments. When we use them we ought to know the nature of each colour. One way of doing this, is in terms of physical attributes. The other is psychological, that is to know what relations there exist between the sensations aroused by those colours. From the theoretical point of view the question of complementarity of colours and the nature of after-image is of interest.<BR>On the one hand, it is defined that the two colours which becomes colourless when mixed are complementary to each other. On the other hand, it is known that the hue of an after-image of a certain colour is complementary to the original stimulus. I tried to combine these two propositions in this experiment. The usual method of determining complementary colour is by colour-mixing, so this may be said a new approach to this question.<BR>The observer is asked to look at a small colour square (one square centimeter) cut of the Zimmermann set on medium gray back-ground for 20 seconds. The experimenter takes away the colour, and the observer gazes the same spot and carefully notes the hue of the after-image. In front of the observer the whole series of 15 colours are arranged according to the hue and each colour is numbered 1-15 starting with red. At a most suitable time the observer tries to locate the hue of the after-image in the series of sample colours. This was done without difficulty.<BR>The experiment was conducted in a well lighted room on the north side in a diffuse day-light. The observers included in this report are 5 university students.<BR>For the results the reader is advised to see the Tables 1 and 2 in the original Japanese article in this Journal.<BR>After image_??_<BR>Figure 2 in the Japanese section will show diagramatically the complementary relations of the 15 colours used in this experiment.<BR>Some of the other points of interest are as follows;<BR>Occurrence of green, greenish-blue, blue and violet after-images are most frequent, and reds and yellows are very rare.<BR>About the reciprocality of complementary colours of these 15 colours, No. 1(Red) and No.10 (Greenish-Blue), No.5 (Ultramarine Blue) and No.12 (Greenish-Blue), and No.8 (Green) and No.13 (Violet) are most perfect.

著者

寺井 仁 三輪 和久 浅見 和亮

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.4, pp.419-428, 2013

被引用文献数

21

---

The Remote Associates Test (RAT) is one of the most popular tasks in experimental studies of insight in psychological and neuroscience studies. Since the RAT was originally developed for English-speaking countries, we developed a Japanese version of the RAT. This paper provides a brief overview of the structure of the task based on chunk decomposition using Japanese kanji characters and a list of sets of words as experimental stimuli, with representative data for experimental studies of insight.

著者

中谷内 一也 渡部 幹

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.235-243, 2005

被引用文献数

1

---

This research examined the effects of providing a monitoring and self sanctioning system, called "hostage posting" in economics, on the improvement of trustworthiness. We conducted two questionnaire-type experiments to compare the trust-improving effects among the three conditions, (a) a voluntary provision of a monitoring and self-sanction system by the manager, (b) an imposed provision, and (c) an achievement of satisfactory management without any types of provisions. Total of 561 undergraduate students participated in the experiments. Results revealed that perceived integrity and competence were improved to almost the same level in both conditions (a) and (c), whereas these were not improved in condition (b). Consistent with our previous research, these results showed that the voluntary hostage posting improved trustworthiness level as well as a good performance did. The estimation of necessity of the system, however, was not different across these conditions. The implications for management practice and directions for future research were discussed.

著者

二瀬 由理 行場 次朗

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.227-231, 1996

被引用文献数

1 8

---

It is a well-known observation that when a <i>Kanji</i> character is viewed steadily and continuously, the viewer often becomes unable to recognize the <i>Kanji</i> as a whole pattern and it becomes difficult to judge whether or not the <i>Kanji</i> is orthographically correct. Such a phenomenon is called the "Gestaltzerfall" of <i>Kanji</i> characters. In the present study, two experiments were carried out to examine delays in the recognition of test <i>Kanji</i> following 25 s of prolonged viewing of adaptation <i>Kanji</i>, which were comprised of either the same or different parts and structures. When the size of the adaptation <i>Kanji</i> was equal to that of the test <i>Kanji</i>, there were significant delays of more than 50 ms, both when the stimuli were of the same pattern, and when they had the same structure but different components. However, when their sizes were different, delays were found only when the test and the adaptation <i>Kanji</i> were of the same pattern. These results suggest that a <i>Kanji</i> pattern may be internally represented as a whole, independent of its size, while the processing of <i>Kanji</i> structure may be dependent upon its size. Prolonged viewing may produce an adaptation effect specific to such representations.

著者

佐藤 功

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.4, pp.173-181, 1970

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The present study was conducted, in developing Zajonc's study on "cognitive tuning" phenomena, to investigate in detail the interrelationships between the transmissionreception (T-R) conditions and the cognitive structure of certain information. In this study, therefore, T-R conditions as situational variables were dealt with in relation to the predispositions conditions as subject varialbles, and the content index of the cognitive structure as well as Zajonc's morphological index was used.<br>The main findings are as follows.<br>1. The effects of the T-R and predispositions conditions on the cognitive tuning phenomena differ according to the properties (morphology and content) of the cognitive structure.<br>2. The level of the cognitive organization in morphological properties is directly related to the intensity of the predispositions. No appreciable interaction is found between the T-R and predispositions conditions.<br>3. The level of the cognitive organization in content properties is considerably influenced by the interaction of the predispositions with the T-R conditions: the level of the cognitive organization in content properties markedly increases, when the receiver's role is assigned to the subject having higher familiarity with a certain referent, or having deeper interest in it.<br>4. As to these results above-mentioned, some differences between morphological and content properties in the cognitive structure were discussed: it was suggested that the morphological index may reflect the general activation level of individuals, while the content index may reflect the specific psychological mechanism (such as defensive resistance to communication) of individuals who expect to receive certain information.

著者

林 一清

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.165, pp.255-259, 1925

著者

小河 滋次郎

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.7, pp.1-15, 1912

著者

鳥居 修晃 望月 登志子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

Japanese Psychological Research (ISSN:00215368)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.146-157, 1995-10-25 (Released:2009-02-24)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

The present experiment was planned to examine whether or not the congenitally blind after surgery were capable of seeing the subjective contour, when Kanizsa's original and a modified version of it were presented for the first time. Three subjects (M. O., To. M. and K. T.) who have continued a series of experiments for visual learning with us participated in the experimental runs. All subjects have already attained the ability to identify the 2D shape and solids. Initially it was expected that the subject's response could be classified as indicating that the subjective contours were seen or that they were not. However, it was found that (1) at least another two classes of responses should be added, and (2) that the commonly reported phenomenon of subjective contours in the normally sighted was rare in the congenitally blind subjects after surgery. A theoretical implication of the results is briefly discussed.

著者

柏木 惠子 平山 順子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.122-130, 2003

被引用文献数

4 5

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in marital norm and reality in middle-aged couples, and how marital reality, as perceived by oneself, was associated with their demographic variables, as well as their marital satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered, and 277 pairs of middle-aged, nuclear-family couples participated. Main findings were as follows. First, factor analysis of marital reality variables extracted three factors: love each other, respect for the husband's life style, and respect for wife's life style. Second, concerning the wife's education and income, 'respect for the wife's life style' was highest among highly educated double income couples. Third, 'love each other' was the most important predictor of marital satisfaction for both husbands and wives. Finally, 'respect for the husband's the life style' was associated with husband's satisfaction, while that for the wife's was not with wife's marital satisfaction.

著者

吉田 正昭 藤井 和子 栗田 淳子

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.195-203, 1966

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this report is (I) to factor-analyze the structure of concept "on", from the data obtained in our previous survey, and (II) to examine the customs (not abstract ideas) based on "on" or "giri".<br>(I) <i>Method</i>. Three factors were extracted from the correlation matrix of attributes of "on", for each of the three groups, (i.e, younger males, younger females, and older people. <i>Results</i>. Factor matrices are shown in Table 1. For younger males, factor i represents a conflict between affective area (true love, gratitude) and social and political area (mutual dependence, social coercion, etc), factor ii represents the conflict between economic area (benefit, etc) and rational area (voluntariness, obligation), while factor iii represents the conflict between economic area and political power area (traditional, authoritalian, etc). Correspondence among the three groups ranged 0.5-0.6. Although "taimen" or appearances, indebtedness, or fictitious love were regarded as essential attributes of "on" by Benedict, Fukuba, and Kawashima, these are no longer essential for the concept "on". In present day Japan, "on" has more rational elements in it, and functions as a lubricating oil of community, whereas "giri" is still regarded as a feudalistic human relation, and tends to disappear.<br>(II) Survey of customs based on "on" or "giri". <i>Method</i>. Enquêtes concerning "Chugen" or summer gift, "Seibo" or year-end present, New year cards, etc. were distributed, sometimes supplemented by interviews. <i>S</i>s were male and female adults living in Tokyo, two farming villages (Shizuoka and Hiroshima), and a fisherman's island (Hiroshima), totaling 464. <i>Results.</i> (1) Urban people regard these customs as a chance to express their gratitude, affective indebtedness, etc., but rural people (especially those in fishery) regard them as a duty based on "universal humanism", not necessarily specific in their own community. (2) Importance of human relation (3) main family-branch family, (5) boss-henchman, (8) master-servants, (9) guild master-apprentice, shows fairly marked urban-rural difference. Of course, urban people do not feel them seriously, but rural people feel them considerably. Most important relations in three districts are (1) parent-child, and (4) ancestor-descendant. <i>Conclusion</i>. Differences due to generations and districts indicate that for present day Japanese people, the concept "on" tends to lose its traditional meaning and change to a more rational moral standard based on universality of human nature, inner conscience, sense of obligation, etc.

著者

小保方 晶子 無藤 隆

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.424-432, 2006

被引用文献数

5

---

This study examined the characteristics typically seen before the start of delinquency. Questionnaire surveys were administered twice to 1524 junior high school students, in the first and again in the second school term. Students were classified into three groups according to the time when they started engaging in delinquent behavior: "experienced" (having engaged in delinquency before the first survey: <i>N</i>=304), "started" (reporting their start of delinquency after the first survey: <i>N</i>=157), and "no experience" (having no experience of delinquency: <i>N</i>=1063). Comparisons of the three groups showed that the "started" group shared the same characteristic factors with the "experienced" group. Compared with the "no experience" group, both delinquency groups reported a less intimate relationship with their parents, more experience of domestic abuse, less parental control, and more conforming behavior with their friends. Also, the "started" group showed a sharp change in their degree of enjoyment of school life. Although the "started" group reported the same level of school life before starting delinquency as the "no experience" group, they reported a lower degree of enjoyment, nearly equal with that of the "experienced" group, after starting delinquency.

著者

田中 富士夫

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.272-276, 1958

著者

樋口 収 埴田 健司 小林 麻衣 北村 英哉

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.363-368, 2012

被引用文献数

1 1 1

---

This research investigated how to overcome temptations and protect high-order goals while pursuing a goal. We hypothesized that in order to promote self-regulation, individuals non-cousciously engage in asymmetric evaluative responses to goal-relevant and temptation-relevant stimuli. In an experiment, we manipulated either diet goal or academic goal. Then, we measured evaluations of either sugary drinks (e.g., Coke, Fanta) or healthy drinks (e.g., Healthya Green Tea, Black Oolong Tea). The results showed that participants who activated a diet goal had significantly more positive evaluations of healthy drinks than sugary drinks. In addition, this tendency was moderated by the means of dieting (i.e., only participants who cut down on sweets when going on a diet). The role of non-consious asymmetric evaluations for self-regulation is discussed.