著者

鴻 浩介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.113-125, 2019-12-30 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

20

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In this paper, I aim to clarify and vindicate Anscombe's concept of practical knowledge by way of suggesting that some intentional actions are artifacts - i.e. artificial events. Like other artifacts, actions are ontologically dependent upon agents' intention and hence agents can know what they are intentionally doing without any evidence. However, this view comes under attack from skepticism about the reality of artifacts themselves. If artifact kinds are mind-dependent, doesn't it follow that they are nothing but nominal, arbitrary groupings? In reply, I shall argue that artifacts, including actions, are still real in the world we live in because they have characteristic built-in normativity.

著者

金杉 武司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.59-78, 2018-07-31 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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What is “otherness”? What is “mind”? Shigeki Noya has been in pursuit of unique answers to these questions through inheriting but confronting the philosophies of Shozo Omori and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This book is positioned as an arrival point of Noya's philosophical investigations. In this paper, I examine how Noya innovatively develops his theory of “otherness” and “mind”, while referring also to the original work of Noya. In addition, introducing criticisms on Noya's previous works, I examine whether new developments in this book provide answers to those criticisms. Last of all, I examine the appropriateness of Naya's theory.

著者

小山 虎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.1-2, 2018-12-30 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

鈴木 雄大

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.86-91, 2018-12-30 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

松原 崇

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.51-70, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

57

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Deep learning models have already achieved significant results and surpassed other sophisticated models based on features made by experts in various tasks; image processing, sound processing, and natural language processing. They are considered to automatically learn and extract concepts such as “cat face” and “human body” from given big dataset. However, what are indeed called concepts, and how they are extracted? This manuscript provides a rough history of neural networks preceding deep learning, explanation of concepts learned by deep learning models, and then future perspective of deep learning study with (cognitive) neuroscience.

著者

小川 祐輔

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.41-57, 2018-07-31 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

28

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In this paper, I evaluate Donald Davidson's strategy to escape from “mediational epistemology (ME)”. He presents a critical argument against the crucial idea of ME that conceives of our empirical beliefs as depending on mental intermediaries that convey information to our minds. However, it seems that Davidson shares “inside/outside picture” with ME, and this fact leads him into the wrong direction. After reviewing his approach, I explain which role the picture in question plays within his strategy and argue that, in order to escape from ME satisfactorily, we have to question this picture itself.

著者

榊原 英輔

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.49-65, 2016-12-20 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

13

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Previous discussion of skepticism about meaning as it appears in Kripke's Wittgenstein has not provided complete examples of an alternative interpretation of a language. Sakakibara recently gave an instance of a nonstandard interpretation of algebra called interpretation Q. The present paper compares interpretation Q and the standard interpretation C of algebra in three respects: complexity of meaning, engagement with reality, and convenience of use. Although both interpretations are equal in complexity and engage with reality properly, interpretation C is superior to interpretation Q because interpretation C alone allows digit-by-digit calculations, which justifies our asserting that interpretation C is the correct one. Since this way of reasoning does not make mention of the linguistic community we belong to, the present case study suggests that the link between language and community is not necessary.

著者

菊池 誠

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.33-34, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

松崎 拓也

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.35-49, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

11

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This paper describes a computer system for solving pre-university mathematical problems written in Japanese. At the core of its language processing mechanism is a formal grammar, with which a semantic representation is derived from a sentence. The development process of the grammar is explained in detail. Finally, several observations are provided regarding the current research field of artificial intelligence and language processing.

著者

高橋 優太

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.49-66, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

10

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Gentzen remarked that one of the aims of his 1935/36 consistency proofs for first-order arithmetic was to give a “finitist” interpretation for the implication-formulas in first-order arithmetic. He imposed the following requirement on such an interpretation: a “finitist” interpretation for the implication-formulas must be able to avoid the circularity of implication that was urged by himself. However, Gentzen did not present his “finitist” interpretation explicitly. Moreover, he gave no argument for its non-circularity. In this paper, first we formulate an interpretation for the implication-formulas in first-order arithmetic by using Gentzen’s 1935 consistency proof. Next, we argue that this interpretation avoids the circularity urged by Gentzen.

著者

秋葉 剛史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.83-86, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

九鬼 一人

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.69-85, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

21

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In this paper I contrast “purpose-rationalists”, who tend to choose alternatives out of poor opportunity sets from the standpoint of expected utility, with “nonconsequentialists”, who tend to choose ones out of rich opportunity sets. “Welfare economists” insist the existence of “nonconsequentialists” preferring to choose extended alternatives with rich opportunity sets. According to my comprehension, that point is also supported from the viewpoints of ”nonconsequentialists' values”. So I will argue that a kind of heuristics (namely, a way of giving descriptions to “bundled rich opportunity sets”) is regulated by their values , in terms of agent relativity.

著者

金子 裕介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.19-36, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

16

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The foremost aim of this paper is to realize the fourth part of the Aufbau. This part, which provides an actual phenomenalistic constitution system, is interpretable from a Kantian perspective (§§1-4). But Carnap plotted to overcome Kantʼs old style of philosophy as well. We review this aspect of his constitution, focusing on space (§§7-13) and time (§§5-6), especially.

著者

中村 大介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.53-68, 2012 (Released:2016-01-13)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to elucidate what intuition is regarded to be in Jean Cavaillès’ philosophy of mathematics, by investigating his study of the emergence of Cantorian set theory. Cavaillès construes the emergence to consist in three steps: first, Georg Cantor invented point-set derivation to solve a problem for analysis; second, he also showed that point-set derivation can produce infinitely ascending derived sets without arriving at any continuum; third, by replacing point-set derivation with two generating principles and a restricting principle, Cantor established the existence of transfinite ordinal numbers. Cavaillès finds a central role of mathematical intuition in the emergence of set theory thus construed.

著者

笠木 雅史

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.83-98, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

12

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The generality problem is usually taken to arise only for externalist theories of knowledge or justification. In this paper, first, I argue that even internalist theories run afoul of a variant of the generality problem. This is because S may have multiple pieces of evidence concerning the reliability of the token process by which S forms the belief in question, and they determine the degree of Sʼs internalist justification differently. Second, I offer a solution to the generality problem for internalist theories: Sʼs practical reason rather than epistemic reason picks out a piece of evidence concerning reliability as relevant.

著者

吉満 昭宏

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.65-81, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

27

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The aim of this paper is to propose anomalies of classical logic in view of relevant logic and to suggest how to treat them in relevant logic. Although a semantics for relevant logic exposed the fact that there are two kinds of anomaly in classical logic, the very fact makes the semantics unnatural (that is, pure) due to its disunited treatment. Thus, in order to obtain a natural (that is, applied) semantics for relevant logic, we should offer some unified and natural explanation for those anomalies.

著者

山田 圭一

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_35-1_47, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

12

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Until now, Many philosophers have tried to elucidate plurality of epistemic norms in terms of plurality of aims with which we acquire knowledge. In this paper, I try to elucidate them in terms of plurality of aims with which we evaluate knowledge. For this purpose, I construct the new knowledge model which is composed of the idea of Attributor Contextualism and the conception of language games by Wittgenstein. With this model, I want to suggest a new research program of epistemology which can contain both Internalism and Externalism that have caused a lot of controversy in contemporary epistemology.

著者

三浦 俊彦 柴田 正良

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1_91-1_93, 2011 (Released:2011-10-13)

参考文献数

5

著者

小林 傳司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_33-2_45, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

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Since the beginning of 21st century “Science Communication” or “Public Engagement of Science” is a fashionable word in Japan. The background of this trend is a great socio-historical change in relation between science (and technology) and society in the developed countries. The symbolic message of this change will be found in the Budapest declaration (1999) witch states “science in society/ for society” as a new mission of science, in addition to the traditional mission such as science for knowledge. This paper explores the implication of this change for Japanese society and suggests that a new mission of philosophy of science is emerging by examining the IPCC report. The conclusion of this paper will be that science communication is not only informing scientific knowledge understandably to public but promoting discussion on the significance of present day science and technology for society and philosophers of science should contribute to it.

著者

山橋 幸子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_15-1_29, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

27

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In Categories and On Interpretation, Aristotle develops his view on the relation between language and the real world. However, there exist in Japanese words conflicting with the idea. This paper argues that each of the four formal classes of lexically meaningful elements of Japanese defined on their combinability with the nominative case and the tense markers consistently corresponds to the divisions of reality, and shows that the relation of words to the world cannot be predicted from their use in a sentence. Under this analysis, Aristotle's idea, which is based on the “omoma-rhema” distinction, from which the universal “noun-verb” distinction originates, is thrown into a question