著者

Jean-Baptiste Joinet Thomas Seiller

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.65-93, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

38

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At the end of the 19th century, the Peano School elaborated its famous theory of “definitions by abstraction”. Two decades later,Hermann Weyl elaborated a generalization of the former, termed “creative definitions”, capable of covering various cases of ideal elements (Peano’s abstracta being among them). If the Peano School proposal eventually appeared to be based on the nowadays standard classificatory process of quotienting a set by an equivalence, Weyl’s proposal still lacks a set-theoretical, classificatory interpretation. In this paper,we define and investigate the notion of relational indiscernibility (upon which Weyl’s creative definitions are based) and show that a bridge from the concept of indiscernibility to the notion of type (sets closed by bi-orthogonal) may be built from the observation that individuals are indiscernible exactly when they belong to exactly the same types. In the last part, we investigate some philosophical consequences of those observations concerning the theory of abstraction.

著者

鈴木 貴之

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.151-167, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

24

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Artificial intelligence research has made impressive progress in the last ten years with the development of new methodologies such as deep learning. There are several implications of the progress both for philosophy of cognitive science and philosophy of artificial intelligence, but none are conclusive. Though its success seems to support connectionism in cognitive science, there are several features of human cognition that remain to be explained. Also, though it is often said that deep learning is the key to build artificial general intelligence, deep neural networks we now have are specialized ones and it's not clear how we can build a general artificial intelligence from such specialized networks.

著者

佐金 武

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.191-213, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

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The issue of (in)compatibility between presentism and time travel has intrigued many philosophers for the last few decades. Keller and Nelson [2001] have argued that, if presentism is a feasible theory of time that applies to ordinary (non-time travel) cases, then it should be compatible with time travel. Bigelow [2001] and Sider [2005], on the other hand, have independently argued that the idea of time travel contradicts the presentist conception of time because it involves the ʻspatialisation of timeʼ (in a metaphysical sense), which is something that presentists should resist. In support of the latter claim, I offer a new argument via a different route. More specifically, I clarify basic components of the view that I take as ʻorthodoxʼ presentism by examining how presentists have considered temporal notions of the existence of things and their property possession. It is because of these notions that presentists can sensibly maintain a dynamic theory of time and should not believe in time travel.

著者

岡田 光弘

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.1, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

被引用文献数

1

著者

佐藤 雅彦

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.3-23, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

35

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In this paper, we analyze the historical process of emergence of proof assistants, and acceptance of proof assistants by the community of mathematicians. Our analysis is done by reflecting on how the notion of proof deepened through the proposal of formalism by Hilbert, formalization of the notion of computability, and especially development of type theory. In this analysis, we view mathematics as human linguistic activity where proofs are produced and communicated by means of both natural languages and formal languages. The complete acceptance of proof assistants by mathematicians is yet to be achieved, but we argue that it should and would happen by properly designing and implmenting a meta proof assistant which can talk and reason about any formal systems.

著者

金子 裕介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.215-238, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

34

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This article handles a series of articles written by Suzuki (2016a; 2016b; 2018), in which he put forward the anti-psychologism, a new standpoint of action theory. This standpoint, however, has lost the path Anscombe originally opened up, seemingly. Anscombe's point (called “Anscombe's motif” in this article) was: the agent him/herself responds, by revealing his/her original motive, to the question “Why did/do you do…?” Leaving this ground, in modern theories, one sees an unfamiliar idea like a normative reason flow into the debate on human action. We review this academic environment critically in terms of Kaneko (2017), whom Suzuki criticized in one of his papers (2018).

著者

松王 政浩

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.79-83, 2018-07-31 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

鈴木 真 佐金 武 田中 泉吏 網谷 祐一

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.129-143, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

倉田 剛 小口 峰樹 網谷 祐一 野内 玲

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.91-104, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-11-10)

著者

河野 哲也等

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.135-152, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.2_88-2_124, 2009 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

2

著者

三浦 俊彦

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.77, 2012 (Released:2016-01-13)

著者

小山 虎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.85, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-03)

著者

筒井 晴香

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.87, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-03)

著者

鈴木 貴之

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.91, 2020-03-30 (Released:2020-07-03)

著者

竹内 泉

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.25-41, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-09-30)

参考文献数

10

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In analysing logic of hearsay, the inconsistency of individual notions makes difficulty. Modal logic is suitable for analysing logic of hearsay. The most previous semantics of modal logic such as using possible worlds makes the formula x = y ⊃ □x = y valid. However, in logic of hearsay, it can happen that the quoting person recognises x = y although the quoted person recognises x ≠ y. As such, the formula x = y∧¬□x = y is satisfiable in logic of hearsay. In order to deal with this, this study propose a new semantics with belief structure.

著者

木下 頌子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.127-141, 2019-12-30 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

24

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In series of her works, Amie Thomasson has claimed that the revisionary ontology about works of arts is methodologically untenable. Interestingly, her conclusion is drawn from the reflection on the theory of reference of art kind terms. She argues that the “qua problem,” which is known as a problem for the causal theory of reference, undermine the possibility of revisionary ontology. The aim of this paper is to critically examine her argument. I argue that even if Thomassonʼs view about the reference of our art kind terms is correct, revisionary metaphysics is still possible.

著者

宮園 健吾

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.163-166, 2019-12-30 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

3

著者

高谷 遼平

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.23-46, 2019-12-30 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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It is a common view in formal semantic theories that the compositional semantic values of sentences in contexts are identical to the assertoric contents expressed by these sentences. Recently, however,there have been challenges to this simple view on the basis of difficulties in theorizing various ‘shifty’ phenomena. In this paper, I argue that these difficulties can be ‘explained away’ by introducing a revised notion of compositionality which allows an expression to have different semantic values in different environments. I then claim that the proposed framework can be not only compatible with the identity but also plausible as a natural language semantics.

著者

四津 雅英

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.93-111, 2019-12-30 (Released:2020-06-20)

参考文献数

10

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Sometimes an utterance of a (logically) double negative sentence conveys the content of the corresponding positive sentence, and moreover communicates an additional content (e.g., one “weakening” or “strengthening” it) or plays an additional role. Leading accounts of such utterances-Horn's and Levinson's-have some serious problems mainly because they assume that such utterances depend on it that those of the corresponding positive sentence often convey some typical meaning. In this paper I attempt to analyze additional roles of utterances of double negative sentences without such assumption. The analysis seems more adequate than Horn's and Levinson's also in the light of a certain general feature of negative sentences.