出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_111-2_123, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

3

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1_121-1_141, 2008 (Released:2009-07-31)

参考文献数

1

著者

大石 敏広

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.31-47, 2013-12-20 (Released:2014-06-28)

参考文献数

26

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This paper deals with the argument that the design thinking in engineering has an important viewpoint for ethics. The design thinking has two interpretations. First, I point out that these interpretations do not make the content of the design thinking clear. Second, I argue that the design thinking applies to all the practical problems, including ethical problems. Third, I show four features of the design thinking, namely complexity of constraints for solving a problem and trade-offs among the constraints, an ethical factor as one of the constraints, acceptance of multiple solutions and insolubility, and the design thinking as a method for agents.

著者

中村 大介

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.2_67-2_79, 2010 (Released:2011-04-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to interpret Jean Cavaillès' philosophical position proposed in his early works as a reconstruction of Kant's epistemology. Kant's mathematical epistemology consists of three principal components: (a) the pure concept of the understanding, (b) intellectual and sensible schemata produced by the imagination, and (c) sensible intuition. First, as a result of Gödel's incompleteness theorems, Cavailles extends (c) to cover intellectual intuition. Then, under the influence of Hilbert's conceptions of sign, he replaces (b) with the concept of sign as intellectual-sensible mixture, and (a) with certain mathematical concept. Finally, Cavaillès uses this transcendental structure to propose a new idea about the problem of the foundations of mathematics.

著者

竹内 泉

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.1-13, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

7

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This paper discusses a method to apply the science of logic to prtobability. First this paper discusses the relations between probability and sciences. Next, this paper forcuses mathematics which is similar to the science of logic, and compares the methods to apply them to sciences. Lastly, this paper shows the formalisation and the analisys of probability in a problem of cryptography by the science of logic.

著者

谷川 卓

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.37-51, 2014-07-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

23

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David Lewis argues that the thesis of Humility follows from two metaphysical principles; combinatorial principle and quidditism. The thesis has received attention of philosophers because of its skeptical implication, but only by focusing on that point one may underestimate the significance of Humility. Another implication drawn from the thesis pertains to the methodological issue, that is, justification of metaphysical principles. A key for the justification of two metaphysical principles in question is correspondence between our thought and the world, and it is required to develop modal epistemology in the way to oppose to Saul Kripke's view.

著者

野本 和幸

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.1-34, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

著者

羽地 亮

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.2_89-2_100, 2008 (Released:2009-08-31)

参考文献数

17

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The present review concerns Yukihiro Nobuhara's masterpiece, Philosophy of Consciousness: Introduction to the Study of Qualia. This book should be highly acclaimed due to the fact that from an intentional / representational point of view, a modern orthodox naturalistic standpoint, the problems of qualia are examined conceptually by assimilating bodily sensations to perception, as well as that the author pursues these problems by suggesting the possibility of a strategy in which we assign explanatory priority to linguistic content and explain how mental content results from that. However, I believe that philosophy of mind should be naturalized and studied in greater detail on the basis of the results of neurological studies by distinguishing between sensory and affective phenomena.

著者

鈴木 晃仁

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.33-51, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

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This paper examines the relationship between psychiatric practice and literature. Those materials that suggest patients' “literary” activities, both in narrow and wide senses of the term, have been selected from an archive of a private hospital in Tokyo before the Second World War and their meanings and functions in and out of the psychiatric hospital are discussed. The two apparently contradictory forces of producing patients' discourse and forbidding their subjectivity are present and did somehow contribute to the making of the “literature” of the mental patients.

著者

横路 佳幸

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.103-108, 2020-09-30 (Released:2020-09-30)

著者

上田 知夫

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.19-35, 2016-07-31 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

27

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This paper aims to analyze the content expressed by a belief report, which is a sort of assertions, in terms of Conceptual Role Semantics (CRS). CRS focuses on normative aspects of assertions called “conceptual roles.” According to CRS, the conceptual role of an assertion, which is a pair of entitlement and commitment of the assertion, is nothing but its semantic content. Since CRS is holistic, this paper focuses on the relevant notion of whole. In this paper, the individualistic notion of whole (narrow content theory) and the social notion of whole (wide content theory) are compared by analyzing belief reports. I will argue that the wide content theory is a better alternative than narrow content theory.

著者

北島 雄一郎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.49-64, 2015-07-31 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

21

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‘Quantum Enigma: An Introduction to Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics’ is an introductory Japanese book for readers who are not familiar with philosophical problems in quantum mechanics. This book consists of three parts: the preliminary knowledge of philosophy of quantum mechanics, the interpretation problem of quantum mechanics, and philosophical problems except for the interpretation problem. In the present review, I make several critical comments on the descriptions in the book.

著者

糸川 昌成

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.53-68, 2014-12-20 (Released:2015-11-08)

参考文献数

18

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Schizophrenia is severe mental disorder. A genetic study is thought to be effective to reveal pathophysiology of schizophrenia since genetic factors are involved in developing the disease. Molecular biology has been performed to detect etiology of the mental illness. However, genetic studies have not found a causative mutation from patients with schizophrenia because the psychotic illness is large heterogeneous syndrome, not homogeueous disease. Mind is depending upon central nervous systems but is not equal to the brain. We need to study on not only the brain but also the mind.

著者

金杉 武司

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.47-63, 2012 (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

11

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Self-deception has traditionally been conceived as a phenomenon in which one is motivated by a desire that P to deceive oneself intentionally to form a belief that P despite his/her possession of a belief that not P. It has been argued, however, that this traditional conception is confronted with two paradoxes precisely because it construes self-deception in such a manner. Consequently, in recent years, an increasing number of philosophers have come to abandon the traditional conception of self-deception to deny that a self-deceiving subject owns a belief that not P and/or that self-deception is intentional. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that some of phenomena called “self-deception” should nonetheless be conceived under the traditional framework and, further, explores a possibility for avoiding the paradoxes under the traditional conception.

著者

小山 虎

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1_79-1_90, 2010 (Released:2010-09-26)

参考文献数

9

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Modal realism is an ontological claim according to which there exist many possible worlds just like our actual world. Since it is so hard to believe, modal realism has only a few advocates. However, it is well known that alternative theories have serious problems. It is one of the central issues of metaphysics to find a persuasive way to reject modal realism.    In this paper, I will suggest that it could be accomplished with help of metaontology-one of the topics of metaphysics which has recently discussed intensely. I will show how we could argue against modal realism from the metaontological point of view.

著者

横山 輝雄

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.2_1-2_11, 2009 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

16

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Neuroscience is now very popular and many research projects are going. The purpose of this paper is to examine what kind of ideology is required to promote neuroscientific research. Aim of applied science is easily understood by society. In the case of pure science or basic science, the aim is “to reveal the truth”. But such abstract idea is not sufficient to get financial support from society. Genetics has an ideology of “gene reductionism”. Dawkins coined the term “selfish gene” and it had a strong influence in society. Neuroscience needs such kind of ideology and term to appeal to society.

著者

山田 圭一

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1_51-1_63, 2009 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to overcome the problem “fragility of knowledge” with which conversational contextualism is confronted by presenting Wittgensteinian contextualism model which replaces “conversational context” dependency of knowledge with “language game” dependency of knowledge. Wittgensteinian contextualism can be distinguished into two standpoints. One is “contextualism of justification” which insists on the variability of justification rules with language games, the other is “contextualism of hinge” that insists on variability of error possibilities to be excluded with language games. Wittgensteinian contextualism which combine these two contextualism can make knowledge stable by fixing and structurizing the context.

著者

斎藤 博道

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.101-113, 1970-11-25 (Released:2009-12-07)

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Understanding Weber's methodology of "Kulturwissenschaft" from the point of view of the history ofIdeas, we can not grasp it without reference to Marxism and Scientific determinism at the end of 19th century.It is not so hard to find papers that treat his methodology in comparison with Marxism, however, it is hard to find papers that attempt to describe what attitude he had toward scientific determinists ; Comte, Mach, Solvey, Ostwald.So the paper attempts to clarify this problem through Weber's article" » Energetische » Kulturtheorien" in which he argued on scientific determinism.

著者

次田 瞬

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.107-127, 2017-12-20 (Released:2019-05-02)

参考文献数

35

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More than half a century ago, Noam Chomsky advanced the nativist hypothesis that our syntactic competence is innate. His hypothesis has received a number of objections from the philosophers and psychologists oriented to empiricism. The debate is still ongoing. This paper aims to elucidate the structure of this debate between nativism and empiricism. First, we delineate the meaning of “innateness” relevant in this debate. Then we articulate four arguments for nativism and the objections from empiricists against each of them. The four arguments are Poverty of Stimulus Argument, the argument from linguistic universals, the argument from convergence, and the argument from critical period effects.

著者

川口 由起子

出版者

The Philosophy of Science Society, Japan

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.101-116, 2001

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, I have explicated the logical relation between the Maxims and the Cooperative Principle (CP, hereafter) as stipulated in Grice's theory of conversation. First, by showing the existence of cases where the CP is followed but the relevant maxim is not, I have shown that those maxims are logically independent from the CP. Second, the Maxim of Relation (MR, hereafter) has been misleadingly conceived to provide the basic notion of "relevance" for the theory of conversation. But, when a speaker, while deviating from the MR, or failing to "be relevant" literally, still follow the context in some sense or other, it must be another kind of "relevance" that is highlighted. That kind of "relevance" in conversation is required by the CP. I have called this kind of relevance CONNECTEDNESS as opposed to the RELEVANCE as required by the MR.