著者
山下 好孝
出版者
北海道大学高等教育推進機構国際教育研究部
雑誌
日本語・国際教育研究紀要
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, pp.77-86, 2019-03

日本語教育ではいわゆる辞書形(終止形)から様々な動詞活用形が作られる。日本語教員によっては辞書形からではなく「マス形(連用形)」から変化形を作るように指導している人もいるが、これは誤りである。なぜかというと「アクセント(強勢)」まで含めて正しく指導するにはマス形から他の動詞形を導くことは不可能だからである。日本語の標準語における辞書形から他の動詞形へのアクセント規則は概ね次の表のようにまとめることが出来る。表の「無核類動詞」とは動詞辞書形(終止形)にアクセントのないものを指す。「有核類動詞」とは辞書形でアクセントを持つものを指す。数字の「0」はアクセントのないことを示し、「02.03」はそれぞれ語末から2番目、3番目の拍にアクセントがあることを示す。逆に言うと、辞書形と動詞のグループ(五段動詞、一段動詞、変格動詞)さえ分かれば、アクセントを含めた動詞形が正しく導き出せるということである。では日本語の有力な方言である関西弁に関してはどうであろうか。実は、関西弁には標準語には見られない特性があり、標準語の場合のように単純に動詞形を導くことは出来ない。本稿はこの関西弁の動詞変化形のうち、過去を表す「タ形」生成の規則を記述することを目的とする。
著者
長崎 郁
雑誌
北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.11-22, 2012-03-26

This paper discusses the characteristics of the proprietive suffix -n’e/-n’ in Kolyma Yukaghir. The suffix -n’e/-n’ derives denominal verbs that roughly mean “have N.” The derived verb has three syntactic functions: predicative function (in independent form), adnominal function (in participle form), and adverbial function (in converb form). A derived verb sometimes has an existential meaning, “N exists.” The main points of this paper are as following: (1) The meaning of N (possessee noun) concerns the syntax and the semantics of -n’e/-n’: (a) With an inalienable possesee noun, especially an “everyone”-type possesee noun (Tsunoda 1995), N-n’e/-n’ is usually used with a modifier, otherwise the derived verb indicates “have special (many, big, etc.) N.” (b) With an alienable possessee noun, N-n’e/-n’ implies not only typical possession but also possession at that very moment, for example, “wear N,” “be with N,” and “carry N.” (2) As compared to the existential verb l’e- with locative noun, which sometimes implies the possession meaning, the usage of -n’e/-n’ is pragmatically limited: (a) The suffix -n’e/-n’ is usually used when the possessor is treated as the topic, otherwise the existential l’e- verb is preferred. (b) The suffix -n’e/-n’ is not used when the information about the possessee is requested; in such a case, the existential l’e- verb is preferred.
著者
長崎 郁
出版者
北海道大学大学院文学研究科
雑誌
北方言語研究 (ISSN:21857121)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.41-54, 2013-03-25

This paper describes the morphology and functions of verb inflectional forms in Kolyma Yukaghir.It also discusses the grammatical characteristicsof Kolyma Yukaghir participles and examines the difference between participles and deverbal derivatives. The main points of this paper are as follows: (1) Verb forms in Kolyma Yukaghir can be divided into three types according to their syntactic functions: finite forms, participles,and converbs. Although the finite forms, the converbs,and one of the participles (theJE-participle) are monofunctional, two of the participles, the ME-participle and the L-participle,are multifunctional.The ME-participlecan be used in adjectival and main clauses, and the L-Participlecan be used in adjectival, nominal,and main clauses. (2) The distinction between participles and deverbal derivatives cannot always be made by the preservation of the argument structures. Indeed, they have clear differencesin the possibilities for marking some verbal categories(person/number of the subject, tense,and evidentiality). (3) The three participles also vary in the possibilities for marking verbal categories. The ME-participle is formally similar to finite forms. The L-participle exhibits similarities to finite forms and nouns. The JE-participle is similar to the converbs, in that the two forms show few verbal characteristics.
著者
上原 真人
出版者
京都大學大學院文學研究科・文學部
雑誌
京都大學文學部研究紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University (ISSN:04529774)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, pp.1-63, 2003-03-31

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
細見 博志
出版者
金沢大学
雑誌
講義録・研究者になりたい人のための倫理--先端科学を中心に
巻号頁・発行日
pp.59-65, 2006-12-01

金沢大学大学院医学系研究科保健学専攻
著者
井濃内 順 渋谷 達明 畑中 恒夫
出版者
筑波大学菅平高原実験センター
雑誌
菅平高原実験センター研究報告 (ISSN:09136800)
巻号頁・発行日
no.8, pp.167-179, 1987-03-25

Odor responses of the single olfactory cells on the antennae in the dung beetle (Geotrupes auratus) were studied. The receptor cells well responded respectively to a part or all of the five characteristic odors (2-butanone, phoenol, p-cresol, indole, skatole) from cattle's dung. The olfactory cells could be divided into the following two types of responses. (1)R-Type I: Only 2-butanone was effective for all cells of this type. The impulse frequency increased with increase of stimulus concentration. The slope of the dose-resoonse curve was relatively steep. Threshold concentration of the individual olfactory cells varied in the value. Impulse discharges of some of the cells to 2-butanone disappeared of decreased by stimulus of the mixture with other four odors. (2s) R-Type II: All cells in this type responded to 2-butanone but the responses to the other four odors were different with cells. The dose-response curve to 2-butanone of this type of cells resembled with that of R-Type I. Threshold values of the cells to the odors were differed from each other. 2-butanone in the dung may be volatilized faster than the other four odors, it is thus suggested that the dung beetles may be oriented to 2-butanone odor contained in their food.動物の生得的行動を開発する「鍵刺激」として、視覚的に単純な形や色、聴覚的な一定周波数の音、また、物理的な接触刺激などの存在が知らされている。一方、化学的、特に嗅覚的な匂いも鍵刺激として重要であり、鱗翅目昆虫の性フェロモンは、配偶行動を開発する、種に固有な匂いであることは良く知られている。・・・
著者
Kureha Makoto
出版者
名古屋大学情報科学研究科情報創造論講座
雑誌
Nagoya journal of philosophy (ISSN:18821634)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.1-8, 2019-04-05

In this paper, I make a consideration about the relationship between phenomenology and empirical sciences about conscious experience. Recently, it has been suggested by proponents of `naturalized phenomenology' that phenomenology and cognitive sciences should exchange with each other. This proposal prompts us to abandon the `puristic' conception of phenomenology, according to which phenomenology is independent from empirical sciences. I show that, though abandoning purism and exchanging with cognitive sciences is fruitful for phenomenology, proponents of naturalized phenomenology underemphasize an important feature of phenomenology -- its autonomy of a certain kind.