出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.107-120, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

豊原 治郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.1-21,a1, 1975-10-10 (Released:2009-11-06)

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This article is in a series of my projected researches regarding the American-Canadian commercial-business history from the latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century.This paper consists of three facets: a general description of the socio-economic development of Baltimore during the latter half of the 18th century; a brief analysis of some commercial-business-historical characteristics of Baltimore's maritime industry and her foreign-coastwise trades; and lastly some considerations of the entrepreneurial activities of Robert Oliver, “the commission merchant-importer-exporter, typically a stay-at-home-merchant” in Baltimore during the eighties. In onther words, this article becomes one of my works based upon economic-business-historical approaches.In making this paper, I had a lot of valuable opportunities to read through some original data in Washington National Archives.

著者

斎藤 毅憲

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.49-77,3, 1975-10-10 (Released:2009-11-06)

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In this paper I tried to investigate into an aspect of the American management movement up to the 1920s, from a viewpoint of the development of collegiate business education. Accordingly, the rise of business management could be treated so far as it became to be a subject of business education.A concrete study I make first is how management was introduced into the curriculum in the first half of the 1910s. The second point is the fact that the management was not regarded to be the most important subject in business school in the 1920s, in spite of its increasing and diverse advancement in the business world.

著者

酒井 正三郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.29-33, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

中野 卓

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.102-106, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

中川 敬一郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.1-4, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

間 宏

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.5-28, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

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The tenth annual meeting of the Business History Society of Japan was held at the University of Tokyo on the 5 th and 6 th of October 1974. On the first day we had a free-topic session as usual and twelve papers were reported. All of the five papers in this special issue were read at the common-topic session on the second day of the meeting.In the opening address, professor Keiichiro Nakagawa of the University of Tokyo, who was one of the organizers of the latter session, emphasized the significance of the study on “Cultural Structure and Entrepreneurship” for us, Japanese business historians. Professor Nakagawa stated that after the Vietnam War American business historians have lost interest in this kind of study, but, he continued, we should actively continue to pursue it.Professor Hiroshi Hazama of Tokyo Kyoiku University explained some sociological and psychological approaches to the relationship between entrepreneurship and cultural factors, specifically entrepreneurial or managerial ideologies and cultural values, following Max Weber's thesis. He also examined the applicability of these approaches, which were arguments founded on facts of Western societies, to the Japanese society.Professor Johannes Hirschmeier of Nanzan University and professor Tsunehiko Yui of Meiji University clarified the relationship between the traditional value system and businesses in the process of industrialization in Japan. Professor Yui expressed a noteworthy hypothesis on the traditional value system in the Tokugawa era and referred to impacts of the system on business activities after the Meiji era. Professor Hirschmeier explained the characteristics of the “spirit of capitalism” in Japan compared with that in Western countries.Professor Kazuo Sugiyama of Seikei University presented the result of his close investigation concerning financial and investment behaviors of cotton-spinning and railway companies in the Meiji era. These behaviors were considered not separately but as a complete process from the decision-making on investment by top management to the setting of equipments they are related to different stages of development of companies and to their cultural background.The final speaker, professor Shigeaki Yasuoka of Doshisha University, pointed out the conditions of business control of the Zaibatu by monopolistic ownership before World War II in Japan with historical and cultural views. He especially made clear the reason why the Zaibatu, which had grown up in the Tokugawa era or in early Meiji, limited the investors of their head companies to their families and why they could control many modern companies though they had kept premodern traits.The panel discussion on the common topic was presided by professor Kin-ichiro Toba of Waseda University and professor Hidemasa Morikawa of Hosei University.

著者

小林 袈裟治

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.51-53, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

杉山 和雄

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.54-86, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

安岡 重明

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.87-101, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

著者

麻島 昭一

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.1-17, 1974-06-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

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This paper describes the development of Trust Companies in Japan, focusing on the characteristics of their capital, executive staffs and management philosophy.Trust companies were incorporated under the Trust Business Act of 1923. Most of those trust companies were established and capitalized by a Zaibatsu, a large bank or major provincial banks, and were managed by the executives sent from the mother bank, following the example of their mother. The fact that the trust companies had the function of taking charge of trusters' property, however, gave characteristic feature to their management philosophy.The trust companies grew up as one of the long term financial institutions, comparable to banks and life insurance companies.

著者

川辺 信雄

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.18-51, 1974-06-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

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It is said that in the United States the modern big business came into being and continued to grow through the addition, combination, and integration of specialized functions and units. Especially, in 1880-1900 the urban and national markets grew as the result of the rapid development of railways. And it became the main goal of many enterprises to actualize mass sales to these large markets. In order to attain this goal, rational and efficient marketing system were necessary.There appear the following problems concerning the marketing functions held by manufacturers and retailers : (1) why and how manufacturers and retailers integrated marketing functions, (2) what role has the integration of marketing functions played, (3) why existing middlemen could not keep their position, (4) what kinds of struggles have appeared among retailers, manufacturers and middlemen. The objective of the author is to investigate these problems from the viewpoint of marketing strategy and corporate growth of the companies which deal in consumer goods.In the last half of the 19th century, some of the manufacturers began to integrate marketing functions aggressively because of the inadequacy of existing wholesaler network for their products. They were of two types. Firstly, there were the producers of relatively complex durable goods like sewing machines. Secondly there were the producers of perishable goods such as meat packers. Moreover, as the dense market grew, manufacturers of products like oil and rubber who had no difficulties in their marketing, found it convenient and efficient to integrate some of the marketing functions.There also appeared modern mass retailers such as department stores, mail order houses, and chain stores. These mass retailers developed through the addition of product lines and stores. Besides, one of the common strategies of them was mass sales with low prices, and they integrated backward or wholesale functions.On the contrary, there were some industries in which middlemen continued to play important roles till the beginning of the 20th century, because of the nature of the commodities and the competitive conditions. Among these, there were manufacturers of groceries, drugs, hardware, etc. Even in these industries, however, after mass retailers began to become national chains and to buy directly from manufacturers, and advertising by producers developed, the power of the middlemen was correspondingly weakened. At the same time, mass retailers began to show their countervailing power against large manufacturers by rationalizing their activities through the integration of the marketing functions. Thus, by the end of the 1910's the old marketing systems disappeared and new ones have been formed.

著者

工藤 雄一

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.28-54, 1974-11-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

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Private enterprise in Great Britain has caused problems of industrial pollution in local communities since the Industrial Revolution. For instance, the Leblanc soda industry established in the context of the Revolution, was one of the most notorious pollution-producing industries, because in its early days it allowed itself to escape “muriatic acid gases” (HCl), destroying property, comfort, and health of the local inhabitants and deteriorating their 'quality of life'. James Muspratt, who became the founder of the soda industry in Lancashire in 1823, was confronted with the problems of atmospheric pollution by HCl and the antipollution movements of the inhabitants around his works in Liverpool, St. Helens, and Newton, as his forerunners and his followers were. None of them took any means to prevent the gases from escaping into the atmosphere, while the French inventor of the soda process tried to do so by building a large ceramic container and a large lead chamber from the beginning of his operations. It was owing to considerable burdens of the prevention costs that they did not do so.The object of the present author is to elucidate what process the entrepreneur Muspratt applied to soda making, how he and his sons managed their chemical firm, what damages he did to his neighbours, how much he compensated for the damages, what means he took to prevent them, and whether they were effective for the purpose or not.In sum, the Muspratts were forced to close their works, remove them, and pay the compensations, and to adopt various means of abating the HCl nuisances. Thus they changed their business policy from externalisation of 'social losses' and the prevention costs in their early days of operations through mere internalisation of them to higher internalisation of them in the mid-nineteenth century. It seems that they tried to improve the inhabitants' 'quality of life' through pollution abatement and so perform 'social responsivity of private enterprise for local community' as possible as they could.They, however, had to deal still with the problems of soil, water, and air pollution by “alkali waste” which became nationally serious in the 1870s.

著者

渡辺 尚

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.1-27, 1974-11-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

チャールズ ウィルソン

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.52-54, 1974-06-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

アルフレッド チャンドラー二世

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.55-57, 1974-06-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

中澤 弥子 佐藤 晶子 小木曽 加奈 吉岡 由美 鈴木 和江 高崎 禎子

出版者

日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会大会研究発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.113, 2011

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【<B>目的</B>】長野県では、一年を通じて家の最大の節目を年取りの行事とする傾向が強く、年神棚にご馳走をお供えし、一年の無事の感謝と新しい年の豊作を祈り、家族揃ってご馳走で祝う習慣<SUP>1)</SUP>がある。本研究では長野県の大晦日と正月の行事食の継承の実態と現在の特徴について、平成21~22年度調理科学会特別研究「調理文化の地域性と調理科学 行事食・儀礼食」で行った調査結果を基に明らかにすることを目的とした。<BR>【<B>方法</B>】アンケート回答者のうち、長野県内に10年以上住み、現在も住んでいる人および現在長野県内に住み、他県に10年以上住んだ経験はあるが、行事食に長野県の影響を受けている人の正月と大晦日のデータ(計686人)を集計し分析を行った。<BR>【<B>結果</B>】回答者の年齢層は、10~20代50%、30~40代33%、50代13%、60~80代4%であった。大晦日の認知度は99%、行事食の経験が98%と高く、年取りの祝い料理については、喫食経験ありが67%で、毎年食べるが53%を占めた。年越しそばは喫食経験ありが90%と高く、毎年食べるが57%、毎年ではないが食べるが19%と高率であった。鮭料理の喫食経験ありは62%で毎年食べるが35%、鰤料理の喫食経験ありは54%、毎年食べるが23%であり、現在も鮭や鰤などの年取り魚が年取りの祝い料理として食されていた。その他、海なし県である長野県において肉料理の回答は少なく、刺身、数の子、握り寿司などの海産物がご馳走として好まれ食されている様子がうかがわれた。<BR><SUP>1)</SUP>「聞き書 長野の食事」、p348、農山漁村文化協会 (1986)

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.133-138, 1974-07-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

土屋 守章

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.106-109, 1974-07-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

著者

小倉 栄一郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.110-131, 1974-07-25 (Released:2009-10-19)