著者

石井 穣

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.1-19, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

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Abstract: The differences between the theories of displacement and of compensation of machinery are related not only to issues regarding employment and income distribution but also to the dif-ferent perspectives on the market economy. Neoclassical as well as contemporary economists criticise Ricardoʼs machinery theory in the third edition of his Principles (1817), which casts serious doubt on the efficiency of a market economy. The compensation theory advocated by economists, such as McCulloch, was in accordance with the neoclassical criticism of Ricardo, wherein they perceive a market economy to be an efficient one. The development of the com-pensation theory has rarely been studied so far, although its development can be observed in the same way as that of the displacement theory. This study examines the formation of McCullochʼs compensation theory in his debate with Ricardo and its relevance to the neoclassical criticism of Ricardoʼs machinery theory. McCulloch insisted on the general benefits of machinery from the beginning as stated in ʻTaxation and the Corn-Lawsʼ (1820). The basic framework of McCullochʼs compensation theory emerged in ʻEffects of Machinery and Accumulationʼ (1821), in which he argued that workers displaced by the introduction of machinery could be employed again owing to the expansion of production, which would be stimulated by the growing demand for commodities caused by the fall in prices. In the correspondence with Ricardo, after the publication of the third edition of Ricardoʼs Principles, McCulloch withdrew his criticism that Ricardo had accepted the possibility of a general glut and focused his criticism on the decrease in gross produce. McCulloch assumes that in arguing this, the maximum amount of a product could necessarily be achieved in the competitive market under a given condition. JEL classification numbers: B 12, B 31, O 33.

著者

杉原 四郎 松井 名津 橋本 昭一 Robert Chapeskie

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.100-136, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

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Introduction by Shoichi Hashimoto Shiro Sugiharaʼs “Nature, Human Beings, and Labour,” translated here into Eng-lish, was originally published in Japanese in J. S. Miru to Gendai (J. S. Mill and the Present Day), 1980, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, and reprinted in Volume 2, 2003, of The Works of Shiro Sugihara, 4 Volumes, 2003-, Tokyo: Fujiwara Sho-ten. Shiro Sugihara (1920-2009) began his study of the history of economic thought with a comparison of Karl Marx and J. S. Mill. While he does not ex-plicitly mention it in any of his writings, in this he may have been influenced by his mentor, Kei Shibata (1902-1986). Shibata had been attempting to further develop Marxʼs theory of reproduction using the methods of general equilibrium theory. While carefully tracing the process of development of Marxʼs economic thought, by explicating Marxʼs crit-icism of Mill Sugihara played a major role in the post-war Japanese movement to re-evaluate Mill, who had historically received only low appraisal. Sugihara presented Millʼs stance of engaging with contemporary economic issues in a positive light, an approach that is given full expression in the essay translated here. While Japanese readers would not require any explanation regarding Sawako Ariyoshi (1931-1984), the novelist who appears at the start of the es-say, she was a writer who raised new social issues such as synthetic pollution, food damage, issues related to the elderly, and so on, that have since become common knowledge, posing them to society in a series of works written in rapid succession that all went on to become bestsellers. As a result of the nature of her writing she was ignored by various literary awards.

著者

内藤 敦之 池田 毅 野崎 道哉 石倉 雅男

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.141-163, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

著者

橋本 努

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.164-170, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

著者

井坂 友紀

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.40-57, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

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Abstract: This study clarifies the main features of G. P. Scropeʼs political economy. What makes his work distinctive is his idea that the laissez-faire principle is justified only under certain conditions. On the one hand, Scropeʼs economics is firmly grounded in the “principle of freedom” (free competition or free markets). On the other hand, based on the natural rights theory, he maintains that the principle of freedom rests only on the assumption that it is expedient for general interests. Whenever private property is seen as inconsistent with the welfare of society, ʻsociety is justified-nay, bound-to modify it.ʼ The Irish land question and the poverty resulting from it is where Scrope most clearly presents his criticism of laissez-faire. Not only does he propose introducing (and later, im-proving) poor laws in Ireland, but also suggests that the government should purchase tracts of privately-owned lands, improve them, and sell or lease them as small farms. According to Scrope, land ownership in Ireland is ʻcontrary to the interests and natural rights of the com-munity,ʼ and, the government should exercise its ʻstrict rightʼ to recover waste land. However, Scrope never directs his criticism of laissez-faire towards the activities of cap-italists. For him, a capitalist mode of production is the key to civilisation and economic growth. He explicitly criticises Hodgskinʼs argument that labourers should own all their pro-duction. His abstinence theory justifies the rights of capitalists to earn profits, and his attack on currency policy takes the readersʼ attention away from the hostile relationship between capitalists and labourers. It is important to distinguish where his criticism of laissez-faire is applied and where it isnʼt. It is misleading to emphasise only one aspect of his argument as this is paramount to generalising his argument. JJEL classification numbers: B 12, B 31.

著者

若森 みどり

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.179-188, 2018 (Released:2019-09-03)

著者

金井 将昭 中村 敏一 船越 洋

出版者

日本ペット栄養学会

雑誌

ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.Suppl_69-Suppl_70, 2011

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21世紀に入り、ヒトの情動障害や伴侶動物の行動異常は、社会活動に影響を与える疾患として益々重要性を増している。古くから、トリプトファン (Trp) 代謝が情動に影響することが知られているが、その分子機序の詳細は不明である。私達はTrp代謝からみた精神神経機能の解析を行うため、Trp代謝の中心酵素であるTryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) の遺伝子欠損マウスを作製し、Trp代謝ならびに情動行動におけるTDOの役割を解析した。その結果、TDOは全身ならびに脳内Trp代謝の中心酵素として働き、不安行動ならびに海馬等の神経新生を修飾する生理的な調節因子であることが明らかになった。

著者

牧野 良輔 喜多 一美

出版者

家畜栄養生理研究会

雑誌

栄養生理研究会報 = Proceedings of Japanese Society for Animal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISSN:02864754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.35-40, 2015

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1900年代の初めに、グルコースとアミノ酸が非酵素的な化学反応を起こし、茶色の色素を持つ化合物を形成することが発見された。これは、タンパク質やアミノ酸などのアミノ基と、グルコースなどの還元糖が持つカルボニル基が脱水縮合を起こす反応で、メイラード反応もしくは非酵素的糖化反応と呼ばれる。メイラード反応は一般的に食品の調理および貯蔵中に進行して香気成分に寄与する一方で、タンパク質の消化率の低下を招くなど、食品の栄養価値を損なう。トリプトファンは生体を構成するタンパク質の基質となる20種類のアミノ酸の1つであり、必須アミノ酸の1つでもあるが、タンパク質中や血液中における含量が最も少ないアミノ酸でもある。トリプトファンの代謝は主にキヌレニン経路を介して行われるが、量的には少ないもののセロトニン経路も重要な代謝反応である。これらの経路で産生されるトリプトファン代謝産物が、摂食行動、情動行動および免疫反応を調節するなど様々な生理機能を有している。

著者

池田 裕美

出版者

家畜栄養生理研究会

雑誌

栄養生理研究会報 = Proceedings of Japanese Society for Animal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISSN:02864754)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.1-8, 2018

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遊離アミノ酸は、モノアミン同様に神経伝達物質として働くことが知られている。また、L-チロシンおよびL-トリプトファンはそれぞれ、ドーパミンおよびセロトニンの前駆体である。近年、生体内においてL型のみではなくD型アミノ酸の存在についても確認され、D型アミノ酸に関する研究が飛躍的な発展を遂げている。D-セリンはN-メチル-D-アスパラギン酸(NMDA)型グルタミン酸受容体のコアゴニストとして働くことや、D-アスパラギン酸が水晶体に蓄積することで白内障を発症させることも報告されている。これらのことから、モノアミンのみではなくD型も含めた遊離アミノ酸にも行動量制御の新たな可能性を求めた。本研究では、同属でありながら行動量が著しく異なる2種類のハムスターを用いて栄養生理学的および行動特性の差異を解明することを目的とした。

著者

杉淵 洋一 SUGIBUCHI Yoichi

出版者

名古屋大学大学院文学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大学人文科学研究 (ISSN:09109803)

巻号頁・発行日

no.39, pp.89-104, 2010-03

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1926年、有島武郎『或る女』の前篇部分が、駐仏外交官の好富正臣と駐日経験のあるアジア研究家アルベール・メーボンの手によって翻訳され、パリの書肆アーネスト・フラマリオン社より上梓されている。本論では、日本における唯一の文学の師として有島を慕っていた芹澤光治良の回想文などを手掛かりに、この翻訳本が出版された背景、翻訳をめぐる人物達の日本-フランス間における交流を炙り出し、当時の日本語の小説がフランス語に翻訳されていく一過程を、翻訳テクストを作り出していく共同(協働)体というものを念頭に置きながら明らかにすることを狙った。また、その点から、有島武郎が日本文学の変遷において担った役割を再考するとともに、有島武郎の文学作品がフランスに発信されることによって、一部のフランスの知識人階級にインパクトを与えたであろう可能性を、フランス語に訳されたテクストと原書とを比較することによって提記した。

著者

上山 敬補

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.193-194, 2018 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

米田 昇平

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.195-196, 2018 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

佐々木 憲介

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.197-198, 2018 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

小野寺 研太

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.199-200, 2018 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

Maria Cristina Marcuzzo

出版者

The Japanease Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.168-180, 2018 (Released:2019-09-02)

被引用文献数

1

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I Preface The late 1980s and early 1990s saw an upsurge of interest in Keynesʼs philo-sophical thinking, possibly favoured by the availability of the full set of the Col-lected Works, the reunion of all his papers at Kingʼs (the catalogue was com-pleted in 1993) and soon after the microfilming of all his entire papers (Cox 1995). Over the last 30 years or so a large literature has developed on the subject, which has branched out in various directions. Two main concerns can be found in this literature: (a) the question of the continuity of Keynesʼs views and ap-proach, since the early philosophical essays, through the Treatise on Probability to the General Theory; (b) how Keynesʼs economics is intertwined with his ethics and epistemology. In this paper I am focusing on a narrower topic (perfectionism and conse-quentialism in Keynesʼs ethics and political philosophy) following in the foot-steps of Yuichi Shionoya, whose contribution on the subject I revisited on the occasion of a commemoration held at the ESHET Conference in Paris, in May 2016. While much has been said in the literature on the non-consequentialist po-sition held by Keynes in ethics, less has been said on his being consequentialist in politics. Following in Shionoyaʼs footsteps, I would like to pursue the matter further, in particular on the implication for Keynesʼs economics.

著者

西本 和見

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.181-182, 2018 (Released:2019-10-11)

著者

中川 辰洋

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.183-184, 2018 (Released:2019-10-11)

著者

中澤 信彦

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.185-186, 2018 (Released:2019-10-11)

著者

宮本 順介

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.189-190, 2018 (Released:2019-10-12)

著者

塩見 由梨

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.162-117, 2018 (Released:2019-09-02)

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Abstract: This article aims to realise the concept of commerce on market economy in Sir James Steuartʼs An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy. Studies concerning the social function of commerce remain limited, whereas commerce has performed an essential role for the functioning of the market. Sir James Steuart, known as a mercantilist, focused on importance of commercial activities and theorised on it in early times. I shall read his theory and offer an explanation of the idea and function of commerce in it. According to Steuartʼs Inquiry, Book II, the main concept of commerce is not an inter-mediary role between producers and consumers but a trade among merchants. Merchantsʼ be-havioural principle is rational, unlike the limited rationality of producers and consumers. Trade among merchants creates the proper market price through the operation of ʻdouble competitionʼ and provides market information to non-merchants, producers or consumers, by the market price determined by it. Moreover, through the emergence the current prices in trade, commerce promotes the use of money in consumersʼ hands. Steuartʼs theory of commerce provides an explanation of the reason for the necessity of merchants and commerce in market economy. His theory of the principle of commerce should be considered as an effective economic theory focusing on the significance of com-merce in modern economy. JEL classification numbers: B 11, B 31, D 49.