著者
沢田順次郎 著
出版者
天下堂
巻号頁・発行日
vol.上巻, 1920
著者
沢田順次郎著
出版者
共益社出版部
巻号頁・発行日
1923
著者
金子 是久 明星 亜理沙 長谷川 雅美 宮下 直
出版者
日本景観生態学会
雑誌
景観生態学 (ISSN:18800092)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.189-199, 2013-12-25 (Released:2014-12-25)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1 1

In this study, we aimed to investigate the habitat of grassland plants which flower in the spring, compared to the difference of the long-term mowing management of semi-natural grasslands in the Shimousa plateau in the Chiba Prefecture of Japan. In grassland plants which flower in the spring, Ranunculus japonicus and Lathyrus quinquenervius were found in the section mowed 1 time per year according to the May survey. However, the appearance frequency and presence of Potentilla freyniana, Potentilla fragarioides,and Polygonatum odoratum were high in the sections mowed 3~4 times per year. We considered that in Ranunculus japonicus and Lathyrus quinquenervius, their germination and growth are suppressed gradually, their roots decline, and plants will not grow soon. Potentilla freyniana, Potentilla fragarioides,and Polygonatum odoratum have grown under good sunshine with low-medium herbaceous conditions, and have adapted repeating seed dispersal and vegetative propagation in the environment of mowing 3~4 times per year for more than 20 years. Many Luzula capitata and Ixeris dentate were found in the environment that conducted excessive mowing of 10 times or more per year for more than 10 years. These species have developed repeating seed dispersal and vegetative propagation under the environment of intense mowing pressure for a long time, not being suppressed. On the other hand, Pteridium aquilinum, Potentilla fragarioides, Potentilla freyniana, Chaenomeles japonica, and Imperata cylindrica have grown, adapting to the cover of tall herbs. We considered that the appearance of grassland plants which flower in the spring has been affected by the differences of continuous mowing frequency for a long time and the presence or absence of the inhibition of high-stem herbaceous plants by mowing frequency after blooming and fruitage.
著者
高 榮珍
出版者
同志社大学
雑誌
言語文化 (ISSN:13441418)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.2, pp.213-242, 2006-12

本稿の目標は、独立直後の北朝鮮における「漢字制限論」と「漢字廃止論」を検討することにより、なぜ北朝鮮では漢字を廃止したのかを明らかにすることにある。一般的に文字に関する問題は、国を問わず激しい論争を伴うのが普通であるが、それは北朝鮮でも例外ではなかった。特に北朝鮮においてのそれは「反帝反封建革命」と直接かかわる論争でもあったという点で注目すべきである。北朝鮮の「漢字制限論」の背景には学術用語の問題があった。即ち漢字を無くし、ハングルのみで文字生活を営むようになった結果、漢字を見ずには意味の分からない単語が非常に多かったのである。それに加えて朝鮮語教育の観点からも200字ほどの漢字は教えた方がより効果的というのがその根拠だった。しかし新しい社会の建設や「民主改革」に全てをかけていた当時の北朝鮮において、「漢字制限論」の立つ瀬はどこにもなかった。なぜならば、いくら制限的とはいえ、再び漢字を使うことは、「民主改革」の後退を意味していたからである。即ち、230万に達していた非識字者にハングルの読み書きを教えることにより、人民たちを説得し、新しい社会の建設に参加させようとして始まった「識字運動」がその背景にあったのである。それと共に、当時の北朝鮮の言語政策を主導していた機関および人々が狙っていたのは「文字改革」であったため、「漢字制限論」はさらに弱い立場に陥ざるを得なかった。その結果、北朝鮮では漢字を復活させる代わりに「言語浄化」の道に進んだが、それはまた「文字改革」の前段階でもあった。
著者
海野弘著
出版者
文藝春秋
巻号頁・発行日
2008
著者
Akifumi Nishi Hiroyuki Kusaka
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.17-21, 2019 (Released:2019-02-05)
参考文献数
34
被引用文献数
17

In this study, we use observational data and numerical models to reveal whether foehn wind affects the record-breaking high-temperature event (41.1°C) at Kumagaya on July 23, 2018. On this day, the weather conditions at Kumagaya satisfied the conditions described in Takane et al. (2014) for a likely extreme high temperature (EHT) day: a “whale-tail” pressure pattern, no precipitation for 6 days, a high potential temperature at 850 hPa, and northerly surface winds. Our back-trajectory analysis shows that the air parcels came to Kumagaya from heights up to 3.0 km above sea level over the Sea of Japan. The Lagrangian energy budget analysis shows that adiabatic heating accounts for about 87.5% of the increase of the thermal energy given to the air parcel, with the rest from diabatic heating. The diabatic heating is caused by heating associated with surface sensible heat flux and the mixing by turbulent diffusion. The adiabatic and diabatic heating are calculated to have raised the temperature of air parcel by 14 and 2.0 K, respectively, for this EHT event. We conclude that the dynamic foehn effect and diabatic heating from the surface, together with mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer, affected the formation of this EHT event.
著者
Daisuke Matsuoka Shiori Sugimoto Yujin Nakagawa Shintaro Kawahara Fumiaki Araki Yosuke Onoue Masaaki Iiyama Koji Koyamada
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.154-159, 2019 (Released:2019-07-23)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
7

In this study, a stationary front is automatically detected from weather data using a U-Net deep convolutional neural network. The U-Net trained the transformation process from single/multiple physical quantities of weather data to detect stationary fronts using a 10-year data set. As a result of applying the trained U-Net to a 1-year untrained data set, the proposed approach succeeded in detecting the approximate shape of seasonal fronts with the exception of typhoons. In addition, the wind velocity (zonal and meridional components), wind direction, horizontal temperature gradient at 1000 hPa, relative humidity at 925 hPa, and water vapor at 850 hPa yielded high detection performance. Because the shape of the front extracted from each physical quantity is occasionally different, it is important to comprehensively analyze the results to make a final determination.
著者
須田 将司
出版者
教育史学会
雑誌
日本の教育史学 (ISSN:03868982)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, pp.032-044, 2016 (Released:2017-04-03)
参考文献数
16

During the Second Sino-Japanese war (1937-1941), there was an expansion of discourse and practice of “School Meetings” (gakko jokai), a term that here encompasses “Pupil Meetings” and “Children’s Neighborhood Groups.” This paper explores the trend of “School Meetings” discourse and its significance as a new method of drilling and training.Specifically, this paper analyzes the formation and development of this discourse and practice by focusing on the “Federation for Citizen Disciplinary Education” (Kokumin Kun’iku Renmei) and the “Japan Young Teachers Association” (Nihon Seinen Kyoshidan).In December, 1940, the “Federation for Citizen Disciplinary Education” held a workshop, inviting pioneering practitioners and theorists of “Morals Education” (hotoku kyoiku), thereby directly absorbing their know-how and theory. Thereafter, within the Federation, the practises that encourage children’s “virtues and merits” through “School Meetings,” and emphasize approach to the children’s inner side with “responsibility and compassion” were increased.As for, the “Japan Young Teachers Association” developed the theories and practices of “School Meetings” through connections with policy strategists. Their methods emphasized having a “cooperative heart” and practicing “self-reflection” as well as the importance of “public service” and “drilling.”“School Meetings” generated from the two “breeding grounds” both evoked “spontaneity” and “initiative” through “self-reflection” while removing self-assertion. This was inextricably linked to stifling feelings of children who were not committed themselves to drilling. The movement may be said to have exposed the limits of pedagogy.