著者

Jing-Dong Guo Takahiro Sasamori Yutaro Yamamoto Hiroshi Matsubara Shigeru Nagase Hideki Yorimitsu

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20150343, (Released:2015-11-16)

被引用文献数

4

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The previously reported palladium-catalyzed silylation of aryl chlorides with silylsilatranes were theoretically reinvestigated by DFT calculations with a focus on the effect of the transannular Si–N coordination on silyl transfer. The Si–N coordination proved to be not so influential as to accelerate the silyl transfer. However, it should be of benefit to use silylsilatranes as silylating agents because of their easy handling and facile preparation.

著者

村上 誠一郎 和田 竜

出版者

朝日新聞出版

雑誌

週刊朝日

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.46, pp.110-113, 2015-10-30

著者

Naoki Aratani Atsuhiro Osuka

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.1-27, 2015-01-15 (Released:2015-01-15)

参考文献数

241

被引用文献数

35 1

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Directly linked linear porphyrin arrays were synthesized and their photophysical properties depending on the length of the arrays were investigated. Ag(I)-promoted oxidative coupling of 5,15-diaryl Zn(II) porphyrins has proven to be effective for preparations of very long meso–meso-linked Zn(II) porphyrin arrays (Zn). A stepwise doubling strategy with strict purification at each doubling step allowed for preparation of gigantic but discrete linear arrays in an unprecedented manner. Large cyclic porphyrin wheels were also synthesized by final meso–meso coupling intramolecular cyclization. Crucial to this success are high reactivity and high regioselectivity of the Ag(I)-promoted oxidative coupling. Equally important are high solubilities of Zn despite their large molecular weights, which arise from their perpendicularly linked structures. Another advantage of this doubling strategy is a large difference in the molecular weights among reactants and products that increases as the reactant array becomes larger, allowing separation of coupling products by preparative GPC-HPLC. As an alternative protocol, Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling has been extensively used for synthesis of cyclic porphyrin arrays. This strategy gave novel linear and cyclic porphyrin arrays from β-borylated porphyrins that were prepared by Ir-catalyzed borylation of meso-free porphyrins. As an interesting example, a porphyrin nanotube consisting of four porphyrins doubly bridged by 2,6-pyridinylene spacers was synthesized and revealed to possess a C60-encapsulation capability. Exciton coupling, effective energy hopping, coherent length, and excitation energy transfer of meso–meso-linked linear and cyclic porphyrin arrays are discussed. STM and AFM detections of the large porphyrin arrays are also presented. We believe that these studies expand the range of organic molecules we can manipulate and open a door to a new area of nanoscaled and sub-microscaled functional porphyrin materials.

著者

Ken Tanaka Yuki Kimura Koichi Murayama

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.375-385, 2015-03-15 (Released:2015-03-15)

参考文献数

112

被引用文献数

113 5

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The highly enantioselective synthesis of functionalized helicenes and helicene-like molecules have been achieved via rhodium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. The rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 2-naphthol-linked triynes afforded [7]helicene-like molecules in good yields and ee values. The more sterically encumbered reaction, the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective double intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a 2-naphthol-linked hexayne, also proceeded to give a [11]helicene-like molecule with high ee value, although the product yield was low. Not only intramolecular cycloaddition reactions but also intermolecular ones were accomplished by combinations of electron-rich tetraynes and electron-poor diynes to give [7]- and [9]helicene-like molecules and [7]helicenes in varying yields and ee values.

著者

Yoshiki Chujo Kazuo Tanaka

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.633-643, 2015-05-15 (Released:2015-05-15)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

307 11

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The concept and representative examples of “element-block polymers” are described. A structural unit consisting of various groups of elements is called an “element-block.” In this review, unique properties of “element-block polymers” composed of organoboron complexes, o-carboranes, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes as typical examples of element blocks are illustrated. The design and synthesis of new element-blocks and development of methods forming higher-order structures for realizing the desired functions based on a bottom-up approach are explained.

著者

Sarah A. Weicker Douglas W. Stephan

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.8, pp.1003-1016, 2015-08-15 (Released:2015-08-15)

参考文献数

107

被引用文献数

103

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The advent of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry almost a decade ago was based on the reactivity of sterically encumbered combinations of electrophilic boranes and phosphines with hydrogen. Since that time the chemistry has broadened dramatically in terms of reactivity and applications. Nonetheless, the majority of the work has continued to exploit the borane B(C6F5)3. In this review, we describe FLP chemistry that has developed by employing alternatives to this Lewis acid. Lewis acids derived from group 13, 14, and 15 based systems are described, thus demonstrating a growing area in the main group reactivity based on FLPs.

著者

Atsushi Wakamiya Shigehiro Yamaguchi

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.10, pp.1357-1377, 2015-10-15 (Released:2015-10-15)

参考文献数

179

被引用文献数

218

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Boron, a group 13 element, has several characteristic structural and electronic features: 1) trivalent boron compounds usually adopt a trigonal planar geometry; 2) due to the presence of a vacant p-orbital, effective orbital interaction with π-conjugated compounds is possible; 3) the presence of a vacant p-orbital is furthermore responsible for high Lewis acidity; 4) the boryl group acts as a π-electron-accepting group particularly in the excited state. The consequent exploitation of these characteristic features of boron in the molecular design enables us to produce sophisticated π-functional materials with attractive photophysical and electronic properties. This account article illustrates our systematic studies on the molecular design and the development of functional π-electron materials using boron as a key element.

著者

Kazuhiko Takai

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.11, pp.1511-1529, 2015-11-15 (Released:2015-11-15)

参考文献数

133

被引用文献数

8

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During the development of new synthetic organic reactions by the use of group 4–7 metals, we twice encountered a reproducibility problem. The key factor was trace amounts of second metal elements that contaminated the first, main metals, i.e., nickel in chromium and lead in zinc. We had determined the standard procedures for these reactions and they were adopted in Organic Syntheses. The difference in the source of zinc, i.e., contamination by a catalytic amount of lead, proved to affect both the reactivity of the Simmons–Smith reaction and the formation of alkylzinc from the corresponding iodides. By using the concept of catalytic effects of the second metals, we developed a method to use manganese metal and applied this to sequential radical and anionic reactions. In addition, allylic aluminum species were prepared smoothly from allylic halides and aluminum by addition of an indium salt, the second element. In this account, I describe how the synthetic methods were discovered and developed, with an emphasis on the stories behind the communications and articles.

著者

佐々木 優希 広田 純一 和田 風人

出版者

農村計画学会

雑誌

農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.203-208, 2013

被引用文献数

2 2

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東日本大震災の被災地では,仮設住宅の集団入居が叶わず,分散居住を強いられた地域が多く,コミュニティの維持が困難な状況となっており,活動が休止状態であったり,解散した町内会も出ている。東日本大震災から,2年が経ち,多くの地区でようやく防災集団移転促進事業などが着工に至り,住宅再建への目途が立ち始めた一方で,被災地では人口流失やコミュニティの希薄化,復興協議に対する住民の不満,浸水域の具体的な利用方法など,課題がまだ山積している。これらの課題に対処していくには,行政やNPOなどの力も重要であるが,地域住民の結束力が不可欠であり,従前から地域住民の意向集約の場であり窓口ともなる町内会への期待は高い。著者らは,既報で,東日本大震災の被災地において,住民が分散居住したことにより,コミュニティの希薄化・脆弱化の問題が顕著であり,これを避けるための手段として町内会単位の情報共有や集落行事の再開,復興協議の重要性を指摘した。過去の震災復興の例では,山崎や北後らは自治会に対応する小さなスケールを単位で既存集落の居住者構成や空間構成に配慮することが住宅再建後のコミュニティの持続・継承に寄与すると指摘している。さらに北後らは,その条件として従前の路地空間への配慮,仮設団地の地区内での確保,地縁的コミュニティの継続,事業計画の決定前の住民との協議の重要性などを指摘している。しかし,これらの調査は震災から10年以上経過した後のものであり,内容も事業の手法に関する指摘が多い。また,仮設住宅内や災害公営住宅のコミュニティに関しては優れた研究が多いものの,元の自治会・町内会のコミュニティの変容に関する研究は少ない。そこで本研究では,東日本大震災の大津波によって甚大な被害を受けた岩手県釜石市の町内会を対象とし,町内会会員の分散状況とその把握状況,震災前後の町内会行事の変化,復興に向けての行政との協議状況を調査し町内会の現状と課題を整理することを目的とする。

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.172-173, 1996-03-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

著者

呉文聡 著

出版者

富山房

巻号頁・発行日

1896

著者

水谷 宏

出版者

公益社団法人日本放射線技術学会

雑誌

放射線防護分科会会誌 (ISSN:13453246)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.26-28, 2000-04-06

著者

田野 大輔

出版者

京都大学文学部社会学研究室

雑誌

京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.123-150, 1997-12-25

著者

福田 裕美

出版者

日本音楽芸術マネジメント学会 ; 2009-

雑誌

音楽芸術マネジメント

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.59-75, 2013

著者

加納 幹雄 岡崎 浩幸

出版者

中部地区英語教育学会

雑誌

中部地区英語教育学会紀要 (ISSN:03866548)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.59-64, 2014-01-31

著者

平澤 紀子 小笠原 恵

出版者

日本特殊教育学会

雑誌

特殊教育学研究 (ISSN:03873374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.157-166, 2010

被引用文献数

3

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本研究は、行動問題を示す人々への支援アプローチである積極的行動支援の進展と課題について、生活の向上という観点から検討した。Journal of Positive Behavior Interventionsの1999年から2008年までに掲載された支援研究65件について、積極的行動支援の目指す10のテーマをもとに分析した。その結果、発達障害のある個人だけでなく、児童生徒集団も含み、生活場面において適応行動を支援することで、行動問題の解決や予防をねらう研究が多く取り組まれ、その効果評価は適応行動が中心であった。一方、こうした支援はおもに行動問題の行動随伴性に基づいており、生活場面の文脈に基づく支援の開発や支援がもたらす生活の向上および環境の改善に関する評価は少なかった。結果から、支援対象となる新たな適応行動の行動随伴性への焦点が不足していることを指摘した。今後の研究として、新たな適応行動の行動随伴性が生じるための環境条件や環境構築の分析に基づいた支援の開発、生活場面を構成する人々に関する行動随伴性の開発、循環的な環境の拡大に関する検討を挙げた。

著者

渡邊 慶輝

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.951, pp.895-901, 1967-07-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

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Since 1961 a series of tests for hydraulic mechanization of coal mine has been made by the Coal Mining Research Centre, Japan. And at the first trial in Meiho colliery it was succeeded in constructing a hydraulic model mine in which all mining processes such as getting, loading and tranportation of coal are carried out hydraulically. During the trial many problems to solve were found, but this new method proved of practical use. Thereafter trials were made at 12 coal mines, and several of those mines have adopted this new method commercially. Now 100, 000 tons/month of coal is produced by hydraulic mining in Japan.The productivity of hydraulic coal mining largely depends on the strength of coal. While in SSR the strength of coal is expressed by Protojakonow's index f1, in Japan friability index FD is used generally. And it was found that there is a relation of f1·FD=32. The pressure of water necessary to a hydraulic monitor P is expressed as a function of coal strength in the form P=K 1600/FD. K is a factor of fissures in a coal seam and is 1-1.3.Equipments for hydraulic mining have been much improved during trials. Above all efficiency of a hydraulic monitor has been raised.When hydraulic mining, commonly a monitor requires 2-3 m3/min water of 50-150 kg/cm2. Further tests of mining with higher pressure 200-400 kg/cm2 but smaller quantity of water 60-360 1/min were made. But this is applicable only to very friable coal. Now we are trying to combine the high pressure water jet with usual mining-or boring-machineries for the purpose of increasing their performances.There are two ways of hydraulic transportation. One way is pumping coal through a pump and another way is feeding coal into a pipeline with a coal feeder. Both ways were tested. The higher the lifting head of a pump becomes, the more the rotating part of the pump wears. Consequentry for high head hydraulic transportation a multi-pipe type coal feeder was invented. And the first trials of it was made at Yoshima colliery. The results revealed that it had the tranporting capacity of 100 t/h registering volume concentration 20%. Now the trial is continued at Sunagawa colliery. 256, 000 tons of coal were transported from the begining of last year up to March this year.

著者

門脇真枝 著

出版者

博文館

巻号頁・発行日

1902

著者

輪島 大士 北の湖 敏満

出版者

新潮社

雑誌

週刊新潮 (ISSN:04887484)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.38-42, 2015-01-22

著者

浦峰雪 訳

出版者

春江堂書店

巻号頁・発行日

1919