著者
三田 佳伯 土橋 邦生 中澤 次夫 森 昌朋
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR TUBERCULOSIS
雑誌
結核 (ISSN:00229776)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.4, pp.355-361, 2000-04-15 (Released:2011-05-24)
参考文献数
20

The frequency profile of tuberculin skin testing among employees of a hospital was studied. In the analysis, tuberculin skin testing was defined as “negative” if skin rash is measured ≤ 9mm, and as “positive” if skin rash is measured ≥ 10mm, and as “strongly positive” if skin rash is measured ≥ 10mm, with induration, and double skin rash or bulla. Boosting was defined as initial skin rash was measured ≤ 9mm, with second skin rash measured ≥ 10mm and at least 6 mm increase of rash than the initial one.544 employees were tested initially, and 81 were retested. Initial tuberculin positivity was associated with older age (p<0.001) but boosting was not associated with age and occupation. Comparing pharmacists with other groups, the adjusted odds ratio of an initial strongly positive tuberculin reaction as significantly higher, namely 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.2-6.7), but that of a booster reaction was 4.8 (0.7-32.1) which was insignificant.
著者
緑川栄山 著
出版者
三盟舎
巻号頁・発行日
1918

4 0 0 0 OA かわいい動物

著者
加藤まさを 文・絵
出版者
ゆりかご社
巻号頁・発行日
1951
著者
宇都宮 由佳
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
一般社団法人日本家政学会研究発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, pp.193, 2010

<b>目的:</b>ポルトガルは,16世紀の大航海時代に香辛料を求めアジアへ進出してきた.その際にもたらされたポルトガルの菓子が今日でも各地域に残っている.筆者は,これまで日本,タイ,マカオ,マラッカ等で,どのようなポルトガル菓子が伝来し,現地の菓子にどのような影響を与えたのか,また,現在ポルトガル由来菓子は各地域でどのような発展を,あるいは消失したのかについて調査研究をしてきた.本研究では,16世紀から20世紀半ばまでポルトガル領であったインドのゴアに着目し,他の地域と比較しつつ分析をする.<br> <b>方法:</b>2005年~2009年12月,継続的に各地域の国立図書館,博物館,教会等で資料・文献調査をおこない,現地の菓子工房,ポルトガル系の家庭でヒヤリング調査を実施した.<br><b>結果と考察:</b> ゴアは,インド南西部に位置した米食が主体の地域である.交易のみならずアジアへのキリスト教布教の拠点でもあり,フランシスコ・ザビエルもゴアから日本へ出航した.現在でもポルトガル系の子孫が居住しており,3割がキリスト教信者である.ポルトガル菓子は,教会で発達し布教手段の一つとして伝えられている.そのためゴアは,東アジア地域とは異なり,ポルトガル由来の菓子の種類も多く,名称も本国と同一のものもあった.特に,これまで着目してきた「Fios de ovos(鶏卵素麺)」は,Letriaとも呼ばれているが,ポルトガルと作り方,用いられ方がほぼ同じであった.ただし,ポルトガルのように小麦で作った菓子の上にのせるではなく,ライスの上にのせるという違いがある.ポルトガル系キリスト教徒の家庭でクリスマスや結婚式の際に作られ,母から娘へ受け継がれていた.
著者
山地 啓司
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.3, pp.171-184, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-05-17)
参考文献数
71

As the intensity of exercise becomes higher, increases in the oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output (Q) start to level off, and they will enter a steady state. However, the pulmonary ventilation (VE) continues to increase in an exponential manner even after the VO2 and Q level-off. After exercising to extreme fatigue, the oxygen used by the respiratory muscles (VO2) increases to 10 to 16% of the VO2max. In this situation, the respiratory muscles use the oxygen that would have been allocated to the active muscles because the oxygen used for the entire body is already in a steady state. Therefore, overexercising must be discontinued due to a shortage of oxygen for the active muscles (in the legs); amount of O2 debt has reached its limit. Since the total amount of oxygen that can be taken into the body remains constant, the enhancement of the respiratory muscles and their functions (including the respiratory efficiency (VE/VO2)) in advance is expected to improve their endurance. Several previous studies suggested that respiratory muscle training (RMT) enhances the endurance of subjects. Furthermore, recent studies suggested that RMT not only enhances endurance, but also improves the physical elements of significantly intense exercise (including speed, muscle strength, and power) performed for a short period of time. It is necessary to conduct further research to clarify the mechanism of RMT in the improvement of physical performance. RMT is not expected to improve the VO2max, and the following are possible causes of the improvement of performance: improvements in the respiratory muscles and efficiency (VE/VO2), a subsequent decrease in the blood lactate concentration, and subjective respiratory distress and sense of fatigue in the active muscles.
著者
乘越 悠 内山 誠 指宿 貴子 中島 尚加 鳥越 えりか 伊東 絵里香 長江 舞 猿渡 淳二 安楽 誠
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.140, no.4, pp.585-589, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

Because patients and their families are at a high risk of contracting infectious diseases in hospital as well as pharmacy, a pharmacy containing the waiting rooms separately for infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases is expected to lead them to visit with confidence and receive appropriate drug administration guidance without the risk of infection. In this study, we examined the potential usefulness of having separate waiting rooms by conducting a questionnaire survey on the structure of the pharmacy waiting room and investigating the visiting situation for influenza-infected pediatric patients from a record of the medicines they received. As a result of the questionnaire tabulated from guardians of 385 pediatric patients who first visited a pharmacy with separate waiting rooms, 70% of the pediatric patients concluded that having separate waiting rooms would be satisfactory. In addition, the possible risk of horizontal transmission of influenza was supposed to be reduced in the pharmacy with separate waiting room in comparison with the pharmacies without among 211 pediatric patients who could not identify the influenza source within their daily living areas, such as home and school. Based on these findings, we anticipate the growing availability of the pharmacies having separation type waiting rooms.

4 0 0 0 OA 欧洲の近情

著者
武者小路公共 [述]
出版者
霞山会館
巻号頁・発行日
1935
著者
Yumiko TAKAHASHI Yutaka MATSUNAGA Yuki TAMURA Shin TERADA Hideo HATTA
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.5, pp.323-330, 2017 (Released:2017-12-08)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
4

Previous studies have shown that the short-term intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) impairs glucose metabolism. In this study, we investigated the influences of pre-exercise HFD intake for 3 d on post-exercise glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle in ICR mice. Mice received either an HFD (57% kcal from fat, 23% kcal from carbohydrate; HFD group) or standard laboratory chow (13% kcal from fat, 60% kcal from carbohydrate; Con group) for 3 d before exercise. Mice performed treadmill running at 25 m/min for 60 min and were orally administered a glucose (2 mg/g body weight) solution immediately after and at 60 min after exercise. A negative main effect of pre-exercise HFD intake was observed for skeletal muscle glycogen concentration from the pre-exercise phase to 120 min of post-exercise recovery (p<0.01). Blood glucose concentration in the HFD group was significantly higher than in the Con group at 120 min after exercise (p<0.01). No significant difference was observed in plasma insulin concentration. There were no significant between-group differences in the phosphorylation state of Akt Thr308, AMPK Thr172, AS160 Thr642, or glycogen synthase Ser641 or in glucose transporter 4 protein levels during post-exercise recovery. Our results suggest that the intake of a pre-exercise HFD for 3 d affects post-exercise glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle without impairing the insulin signaling cascade.