著者
佐藤 弘明
出版者
浜松医科大学
雑誌
浜松医科大学紀要. 一般教育 (ISSN:09140174)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.19-30, 1993-03-31

Food restriction on elephants among the Baka, a hunter-gatherer group in northwestern Congo, was described, and its social function was also discussed. The Baka hunt and snare various forest animals ranging from rats to elephants, mainly aiming at duikers and primates. Elephants are rarely hunted. Once killed, however, an elephant could bring enormous amount of meat to many people. Nevertheless, the Baka elephant hunter and his senior close relatives don't eat any portion of the huge game, because if they eat the meat of an elephant killed by the hunter, he is believed to be incapable of catching any elephant as game thereafter. Besides elephants, there are many kinds of game which certain people should avoid eating. The game includes "anomalous", "unusual", or valueless game for food, which the previous studies on food taboos have so far considered to be susceptible to avoidance. On the other hand, an elephant is not "anomalous", "unusual", or valueless. Unlike the elephant hunter and his senior relatives, most of those who are required to avoid the game are the people at momentous stages of life such as pregnant women, new-born babies, etc. These differences suggest that the above custom of food restriction on elephants has different meanings from the ones interpreted in the previous studies concerning food taboos. I think that this custom is part of the leveling mechanism of the Baka society. Although experienced Baka elephant hunters are held in esteem, they don't have social or political power. It is possible that sharing such an enormous amount of meat as an elephant has makes receivers feel a psychological burden and helps centralize prestige on givers. But, there is not such centralization of prestige in the Baka society. I consider that it is partly because elephant hunters control themselves and partly because they can have no right to the meat under the above custom and therefore meat receivers do not need to feel obliged to the hunters. The egalitarian society of the Baka could be maintained by the leveling mechanisim including thorough sharing, the restrained attitude of elephant hunters, food restriction on elephants and so on.
著者
林原 玲洋
雑誌
ジェンダーをめぐるコミュニケーション齟齬の研究 : 専門的概念の再帰性に着目して
巻号頁・発行日
pp.41-57, 2014-12-15

「ジェンダー」という概念それ自体に照準し,専門知と日常知の関係をあきらかにするという,これまでの研究方針ににもとづき,各自データの収集・分析をすすめ,研究内容をまとめた.以下の内容はそれぞれ,ひとつの報告書としてまとめられ,現在編集作業をおこなっている.左古研究分担者は,検索語「ジェンダー」で該当する論文を網羅的に収集したコーパスを完成させ,「ジェンダー」概念のフレーム(関連概念との共起関係)がいつどのように変遷したのかを量的に分析し,日本社会学会大会において発表した.鶴田研究分担者は,相互行為のなかで実際に「ジェンダー」に関するふるまいがおきる様子を,医療従事者やトランスジェンダーのひとびとへのインタビュー調査にもとづいて分析し,日本社会学会大会において発表した.林原連携研究者は,保守系論壇誌『諸君!』所収の記事を対象に,反フェミニズム言説がどのように変遷して,近年のバックラッシュ言説が登場したのかを分析し,日本社会学会大会において発表した.江原研究代表者は,①「ジェンダー」概念の導入や否定をめぐるかけひき(鶴田・林原両研究者が質的に分析)を,②「ジェンダー」概念の変遷という文化的背景(左古研究者が量的に分析)に位置づけた.
著者
上田 雅信
出版者
北海道大学大学院メディア・コミュニケーション研究院
雑誌
メディア・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:18825303)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, pp.1-9, 2022-03-11

Chomsky (1980/2005) suggests that generative grammar adopts what is referred to as the ”Galilean style” in physics. The purpose of this note is to clarify the nature of the “Galilean Style” in Galilean physics, as Chomsky perceives it. By scrutinizing Chomskyʼs remarks in his earlier works, I attempt to show that there are at least two notable methodological characteristics which have been focused and discussed as features of the Galilean style by Chomsky (1978/1988, 1979). They are to restrict attention to data crucial to the theory and to seek the explanatory power and depth of underlying principles. Finally, I briefly mention a few remaining issues concerning the nature of the Galilean style.