著者

Laurence S. Moss

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.42, pp.1-17, 2002 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

35

著者

伊藤 誠一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.41, pp.80-89, 2002 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

31

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In considering the reasons why W. Petty devised political arithmetic and why C. Davenant, though critical of it, inherited it, it seems too easy to define political arithmetic simply as a practice of gathering numbers or general quantification. Political arithmetic indeed contained its own polemical and political issues, which are impossible to understand without considering its intellectual and socio-economic context. Recent studies have shown that the skepticism and instability of society, as described and presented by Thomas Hobbes, were the essential factors characterizing the society of early modern England. Hobbes and the early political arithmeticians lived in the same milieu; one characterized by instability and fear. In such a society it was hard to reach consensus about what was the truth or accurate knowledge. R. Tuck and C. Muldrew demonstrated how Hobbes tried to overcome this deeply penetrating skepticism by means of political realism and legal authority. S. Shapin and S. Shaffer insisted that in seventeenth century England, what was ‘truth’ was not self-evident, but had to be made clear through the artificial process of the gentlemen's society. Some other elaborate studies on the classical rhetoric of Renaissance England suggested it was doubtful that the abuse of rhetorical skill might distort knowledge, and, on the other hand, that the intellectuals of that time, including Hobbes, must have tried to persuade the audience, using rhetoric as one means to do so. This instability concerning knowledge in early modern England explains the background that political arithmeticians shared with their contemporaries. They sought to acquire more ‘accurate’ quantified data to use for the mercantile policy. J. Brewer and M. Okura set this new method of gathering numbers in the context of international conflict, in which it was used as a means to gain more relative power. To extend their political, economical, and military power, the mercantile states needed more useful and trustworthy information. This involved political arithmetic; knowledge gathering in this context was inherently political from its birth. Neither Petty nor Davenant constructed it solely to support purely scientific Baconian philosophy. They created it and used it with clear tactical intent. Thus, it is implied that there was more behind the birth of political arithmetic than Baconianism and so called civic humanism. For example, classical republicanism was just a part of humanism, which has multiple aspects, including Tacitism and classical rhetoric. In addition to Baconianism, there were various attempts to challenge epistemological and moral-political skepticism.

著者

中山 智香子

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.184-185, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

内田 弘

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.50-57, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

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Marx-studies have brought about significant outcomes in spite of the collapse of the Soviet regime. The history of the extreme controversies following Marx's death reveals the essence of Marxian economics. Marx-lexicons recently published evaluate Marx in the light of the 19th century background and the 21st century problematic background. Following W. Hiromatsu's pioneering critical edition in which he condemns Adoratskij's as a fake, texts of Marx-Engels' German Ideology are reedited in new publications. Marx's theory of disposable time finds its actuality in the signs of post-capitalist society in which people want to utilize free time in realization of social causes regarding ecology, gender, minority and communal activity, etc. Marx's theory of history sees developing countries as articulating elements of a capitalist mode of production through the world system and coming to face the same social needs as industrialized countries.

著者

安藤 隆穂

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.39, pp.20-27, 2001 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

65

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Research on the French Enlightenment has undergone extensive change at the end of the 20th century. The most prominent research approach after World War II, which focused on the Enlightenment's role in the formation of the modern views of society and as a preliminary stage in thought leading up to the French Revolution, has almost disappeared. Freed from traditional methods, research has expanded into many different forms to actress the meaning of issues such as “savage and civilisation”, “views of Asia”, “gender”, “family”, and the “unconscious domain”. The most distinctive feature of this shift is its focus on the Renaissance of Liberalism in the French Enlightenment. In the history of the economic thought, the French line of Liberal economics originating with Boisguilbert has become the mainstream in Enlightenment economic thought. In the new century, the idea of liberty in the French Enlightenment will also continue to play a leading role. Moreover, the notion of the public sphere, which seems to pose the most difficult problem for liberalism, deserves examination. The various other non-liberal schools of thought, especially that of Rousseau, will be the subject of new studies in light of regenerated liberalism.

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.38, pp.186-188, 2000 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

千賀 重義

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.38, pp.172-173, 2000 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

塩野谷 祐一

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.38, pp.21-27, 2000 (Released:2010-08-05)

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A mere chronological description or an exegesis of past major economists does not constitute the history of economics as a discipline of social science. Inspired by a provocative claim of Kozo Sugimura, I have been concerned with the philosophical foundations of the history of economics. Social science observes social reality and constructs theory, which, in turn, becomes an object of observation. Just as a social study, whether historical or theoretical, focuses on social reality and attempts to make a subjective construction of the reality, so a study of theories is merely a subjective construction of those theories because they are a part of social reality. An approach to the history of economics, whether an interpretation or a critique, is also either historical or theoretical, i. e., it is an historical or rational reconstruction of economic thought. In my view, just as economic theory comprises economic statics, economic dynamics, and economic sociology, so metatheory, which is a theory about theory, consists of the philosophy of science, the history of science, and the sociology of science. Thus the structures of theory and metatheory are parallel in the sense that in social science both society and the mind are analyzed at three levels: the static, the dynamic, and the social. Actually based on an examination of the work of Joseph Schumpeter, I have explored a metatheoretical perspective of social science and called this conception of social science a two-structure approach to the mind and society.

著者

小峯 敦

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.36, pp.64-76, 1998 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

41

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The purpose of this paper is to reconsider the contribution of Montagu Collet Norman (1871-1950) in comparison with that of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946). Norman, Governor of the Bank of England (1920-1994), was one of the key figures responsible for the monetary and industrial policies in interwar Britain.There exist two sharply contrasting interpretations of Norman's work. The first interpretation is represented by Pollard [1922], who criticized Norman for implementing “the Designed Deflationary Policy.” The second can be found in Clay [1957] and Sayers [1976], who appreciated Norman's promotion of “Rationalization in Industry.” Of those in the second camp, Tanaka [1976] in particular characterized Norman's actual intention as “the Dis-deflationary Policy, ” i. e., as a policy intended to avoid further deflationary effects derived from the previous high bank rate.In this paper, I concluded, when reading and reconstructing Norman's and Keynes's letters, memoranda, and other evidence for the Macmillan Committee (1930), that neither of these two understandings of Norman is appropriate. In the present work I introduce a new label for Norman's work: “the Dogma of Independence between Depression and Monetary Policy.”Finally, upon rethinking the motives and results of the monetary and industrial policies of the 1920s in comparison with Keynes's ideas, I conclude that an understanding of Norman's “innovative contribution” as fairly restricted would be the most appropriate.

著者

石塚 良次

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.34, pp.171, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

大森 郁夫

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.34, pp.162, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)

著者

礒川 曠

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.34, pp.14-27, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

15

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In Marshall's work, the evolutionism is one of the most important components of his system of thought. This view was formed in his psychological study, which was the earliest one in his academic life. His conclusion is that, in the psychological aspect of man, mental action consists of self-consciousness plus mechanical agents; the existence of self-consciousness is an unknowable phenomenon by human experience, but the forms of self-consciousness have evolutioned in correlation with the evolution of mechanical agents. We find especially in this paper, the following three points. First, Marshall's view of evolutionism is very closely like that of H. Spencer, who established his system of philosophy and science in Victorian England. Secondly, in expressing his view on it Marshall attacked the philosophy of consciousness, which maintained that self-consciousness is forever. Thirdly, Marshall came to distinguish self-consciousness from soul through the reading of J. Grote's work ‘Exploratio Philosophica’ (1865).

著者

生越 利昭

出版者

The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought

雑誌

経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.34, pp.89-96, 1996 (Released:2010-08-05)

参考文献数

96

著者

西村 拓生 岡本 哲雄 吉田 敦彦 山内 清郎 井谷 信彦 辻 敦子 神戸 和佳子 山田 真由美

出版者

奈良女子大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2012-04-01

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教育における宗教性は、教育という営みの根底を考える際に非常に重要な契機である。この問題を考える際に思想史的に注目すべきなのが、京都学派の哲学に源流をもつ教育哲学の系譜である。この研究では、京都学派教育哲学の諸思想を分析し、その中に、「生命性と超越」を鍵概念とする系譜、「臨床性から公共性」という志向をもつ系譜、そして「言語の限界と可能性」をめぐる系譜を見出した。さらに、その分析を基盤として、教育における宗教性・超越性に関する多様な思想史的・人間学的研究を行ない、包括的・体系的な研究への足掛かりを構築した。

著者

坂本 潤嗣 藤井 雅留太 中村 正行

出版者

The Japanese Society for Experimental Mechanics

雑誌

実験力学 (ISSN:13464930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.257-263, 2014-12-28 (Released:2014-12-28)

参考文献数

21

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This paper presents a new and convenient process for determining the material plasticity parameters of metal materials through an indentation test conducted using a Rockwell testing machine and FE analysis. Identified parameters almost coincide with practical values. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the characteristics of materials on the order of micro to millimeters. First, the P-h curves of the indentation are determined by experiment. Second, FE analysis of the indentation test assuming plastic hardening behavior in power-law hardening material is specified by the stress-strain curve. The FE model consisted of the test piece material and the indenter with a spring element considered the elastic deformation of the measuring system. The material parameters can be identified based on the curve fit using the polynomial function consisting of material parameters. The best solution is determined by using the response surface methodology. For identification example using steel and cupper alloy, the estimation of the plastic and elastic properties are possible for practical use.

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

no.267, 1971-11

著者

奥地 拓生 プレジャブ ナランゴー 富岡 尚敬

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.6, pp.309-315, 2017-12-31 (Released:2017-12-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Water in the Earth has been transported from the oceans into its deep interior, where it forms hydrous deep mantle minerals. Wadsleyite [(Mg,Fe)2SiO4] has been considered as one of the most important host minerals incorporating this type of water as hydroxyl groups. To constrain the capacity of water in its structure and also to understand the effect of such water on its physical properties, it is essential to quantitatively determine the hydrogenʼs site and occupancy in the wadsleyite structure. Here we conduct a neutron time-of-flight single-crystal Laue diffraction study of it. Single crystals, which have size and quality suitable for this method, were successfully synthesized by a slow-cooling method at the relevant high pressure and temperature condition. The results unambiguously demonstrate a unique incorporation mechanism of hydrogen into the wadsleyite structure.

著者

吉田 一史美

出版者

立命館大学人間科学研究所

雑誌

立命館人間科学研究 (ISSN:1346678X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.19, pp.77-90, 2009-08

著者

陸軍中央幼年学校 編

出版者

陸軍中央幼年学校

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

奥平 康弘

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

法律時報 (ISSN:03873420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.10, pp.p100-106, 1989-09