著者
早川 由紀夫 井村 隆介
出版者
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会
雑誌
火山 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.p25-35, 1991-04
被引用文献数
4

The eruptive history of Aso volcano for the past 80,000 years is revealed by tephrochronology and loess-chronometry. Around the Aso caldera is a thick accumulation of loess, which is intercalated with numerous Aso tephra layers of limited dispersal as well as three widespread tephra layers of known age that are good marker horizons ; the Akahoya ash (6.3 ka), the Aira-Tn ash (22 ka), and the Aso-4 ignimbrite (70 ka). Loess-chronometry is based on the assumption that, in the Aso region, the accumulation rate of loess has been constant as 12 cm/ky from 80 ka to the present. Most of tephra layers after the caldera-forming Aso-4 eruption are composed of volcanic sand or scoria lapilli of basaltic andesite composition. However the 27 ka Kusasenri dacite (SiO_2 = 67%) pumice is a conspicuous exception. The large volume of 5.85 km^3 (bulk) and wide dispersal of this pumice suggests that it is a product of plinian eruption. From October 5 to the end of November 1989, the Nakadake crater of Aso volcano was in eruption. Ash was uninterruptedly emitted from a 500-1,000 m high eruption column coming out of the crater. The average discharge rate of ash was 5 × 10^7 kg/day. The total mass of ash discharged during the two months reached 3 × 10^9 kg. The penultimate eruption in recent history was June-August 1979, when 7.5 × 10^9 kg of ash was discharged. Outside the Aso caldera, the thickness of the 1989 ash is less than 1 cm. It is almost impossible to detect an old ash layer of thickness about 1 cm in a loess cross section, suggesting that sedimentary records 10 km away from a volcano are insufficient to reconstruct past eruptions smaller than 10^<10> kg. Eruptions smaller than 10^<10> kg can be determined only from proximal deposits. The history of eruptions of Aso volcano over the last few thousand years is tentatively determined from cross sections 2-4 km west of the Nakadake crater. After a 580-1,250 year dormant period, Aso volcano became active about 1,780 years ago. From then, small eruptions each with 10^9-10^<10> kg ash discharge have been repeated 48-88 times up to the present. The duration of each eruption was a few months, and the dormant interval between eruptions averaged 20-37 years.
著者
小林 哲夫
出版者
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会
雑誌
火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.45-47, 1985-04-01
著者
小林 哲夫
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質学論集 (ISSN:03858545)
巻号頁・発行日
no.24, pp.93-107, 1984-11-30
被引用文献数
6

Yufu-Tsurumi volcanoes are situated at the northeastern part of Kyushu island, Japan. Lavas and pyroclastic rocks ranging from the late Pliocene to the late Quaternary in age form the basemment of this area and are cut by many active faults bringing about the blocks tilted variously. Judging from the tephrochronology of the wide-spread tephra, it has been confirmed that both Yufu and Tsurumi volcanoes started their activities more than 35,000 years ago. Yufu-dake is a stratovolcano with several parasitic lava domes and lava flows. The latest eruption occurred ca. 2,000-1,500 years ago issued the Tsukahara pyrodastic flow, the Ikeshlro lava, the Yufu-dake summit lava, and the Yufu-dake ash. The Tsukahara pyroclastic flow deposit is oxidized under the high temperature condition and has secondary fumarolic pipes. The Tsukahara pyroclastic flow is judged to have been formed by the collapse of an ascending lava dome. Stratigraphic relation between the pyroclastic flow and the volcanic ash shows that the collapse of the lava dome happened repeatedly at least two times. The last ascending of lava formed the Ikeshiro lava dome accompanied with lava flow. Shortly after that, the Yufu dake summit lava was issued and formed a summit lava dome. All the activities mentioned above represent a single cycle of eruption ceased within a short period of time. Based on the documentary record, however, it is convinced that the fumarolic activity was continued until the time ca. 1,100 years ago. Tsurumi volcano is composed of highly dissected volcanic edifice and the younger parasitic volcanoes. Based on the tephrochronology of wide-spread tephra, the younger parasitic volcanoes other than the Tsurumi-dake summit lava are judged to have been formed during the period of time ranging from 22,000 to 6,300 years before present. Garan-dake, Uchi-yama, and Nanpeidai are all lava domes and Oninomi-yama alone is a scoria cone with basaltic lava flow. The Tsurumi-dake summit lava which filled up the summit crater and formed a summit lava dome flowed down southward and eastward. One of the lobes of lava flow dammed up the river resulting in the developemment of a volcanic fan formed from the tip of a lava flow. Judging from the distrbution pattern of historic sites on the fan and the descriptions in the ancient manuscripts, it is reasonably concluded that the lava was issued about 1,500-1,200 years ago. Most of the rocks in this area is hornblende andesite ordacite, but a complicated assemblage of phenocryst, namely the olivine-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene-hornblende-biotite-quartz-plagioclase-Fe-Ti oxides is frequently found in the rocks of of these volcanoes.
著者
久野 久
出版者
特定非営利活動法人日本火山学会
雑誌
火山. 第2集 (ISSN:04534360)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.3, pp.123-130, 1968-12-01
被引用文献数
1

Andesitic and dacitic lavas form a certain kind of autobrecciated structure upon entering into the water instead of forming the pillow structure common in basaltic lavas. Such lavas consist of angular, polyhedral blocks ranging in size from a few meters to several centimeters in diameter cemented by comminuted fragments of the same material or by sediments. Matrix of palagonite is sometimes present. Individual blocks are compact and are often traversed by joints which divide them into still smaller polyhedral blocks. In blocks larger than 0.5m., which are usually angular in outline and sometimes spheroidal, closely spaced joints roughly perpendicular to the surface of the blocks are developed, indicating their quenching against the water. In the Pleistocene volcanoes of Izu Peninsula and Hakone, no such subaqueous autobrecciated lavas have been found even along the present sea coast. This fact implies that they have never been uplifted since the beginning of the Pleistocene or have been partly submerged because of the elevation of the sea level since the end of the glacial period.
著者
久野 久
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.477, pp.379-380, 1933-06
被引用文献数
1
著者
坪井 誠太郎 久野 久
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.477, pp.380-381, 1933-06
著者
久野 久
出版者
日本地質学会
雑誌
地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.796, 1962-01-25
被引用文献数
1
著者
久野 久
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.9, pp.836-845, 1937

野外に於ける諸事實に基き,箱根火山體を横斷して第1圖に鎖線で示した位置に一つの構造線を推定し,之を"金時山-幕山構造線"と名附けた。<br> 箱根火山古期外輪山熔岩噴出期の中頃に,本構造線の西北部では東北側地塊が東南部では西南側地塊が夫々反對側地塊に對して隆起し,其の結果火山體は第3圖に示した如き外形を呈するに至つた。又此の運動に伴つて金時山・幕山等の火山體が構造線上に噴出した。<br> 金時山熔岩其の他此の運動後に流出した各種の熔岩は,當時の斜面上の凹所(沈降部)を選んで流下し之を填めた結果,火山の外形は再び比較的凹凸の少いものに變じた。<br> 本火山最後の活動を代表する中央火口丘群も,本構造線に沿ふた弱線を利用して噴出した(第1圖参照)。<br> 古期外輪山熔岩の活動に關係した寄生火山,岩脈等の分布區域は,本構造線の運動によつて沈降した區域と略〓一致して居る事も明かになつた。<br> 本構造線の運動方向は,丹那斷層竝に足柄層の構造と共に,現在本邦本州各地に生ずる地震斷層の運動方向と類似する點が多い。
著者
久野 久
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
科学 (ISSN:00227625)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.1, pp.13-17, 1961-01
著者
平井 章博
雑誌
全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, pp.1415-1416, 1986-10-01

自然言語理解システムの能力を人間に近づけるために必要な機能の一つとして、"継続性を考慮した状態推論"の機能がある。ここでいう"継続性を考慮した状態推論"とは、「静的と考えられる状態(物体の位置、色等)は、その変化が明言されるまでは、継続していると見なせる」という仮説に基づいて、指定された時間における状態を推論することである。例えば、「朝の8時には、花瓶は机の上に置いてあった。ところが、夕方の6時に、母は花瓶を下駄箱の上に移した。」という情報から「朝の8時から夕方の6時前までは、花瓶は机の上にあった。」と推諭することは"継続性を考慮した状態推論"によって可能となる。ところが、従来の自然言語理解システムや推論システムでは、このような機能は実現されていなかった。そこで、本稿では、Allenの時間推論モデル[Allen83]に、(1)「同一のものは同一時刻に別の状態になり得ない」等の規則を適用して、事象の生起時間に関する制約を付加する機構と、(2)事象の生起時間に関する制約に矛盾しない範囲で静的状態の継続期間を拡大解釈し、指定された時間における状態を判断する機構の二つを付加して"継続性を考慮した状態推論"を実現する方式を提案する。
著者
利根川 進
出版者
共立出版
雑誌
蛋白質核酸酵素 (ISSN:00399450)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.3, pp.p239-250, 1987-03