著者
中島 定彦
出版者
日本行動分析学会
雑誌
行動分析学研究 (ISSN:09138013)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.1, pp.13-27, 2011-07-25
著者
中島 定彦
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.1, pp.36-47, 2014

This paper reviews the last 50 years of experimental and theoretical research on Pavlovian conditioning in animals. It is the history of the movement from simple "spit-and-twitch" psychology to information processing views of associative learning. In 1962, Egger and Miller reported a pivotal study suggesting that information value is important in establishing an effective conditioned stimulus. In the late 1960s, Wagner, Rescorla, and Kamin published historic research papers demonstrating the importance of information value (i.e., predictability of the forthcoming significant event) by showing new phenomena in Pavlovian conditioning: relative cue validity, contingency effect, and associative blocking. The Rescorla–Wagner model came on stage in 1972 to explain these phenomena and successfully predicted new phenomena, although this model had some shortcomings. Subsequent theories of Pavlovian conditioning have challenged to deal with these shortcomings, and the recent theoretical development is linked to computational modeling in a variety of ways.
著者
遠座 奈々子 中島 定彦
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.2, pp.243-252, 2018

<p>Exposure is a well-known efficient therapeutic technique for anxiety disorders or irrational fear. The present article reviews the behavioral mechanisms of fear reduction in exposure-based therapies including simple exposure and systematic desensitization. The traditional and current theories of associative learning of Pavlovian conditioning, extinction, and response reemergence are applicable to acquisition, treatment, and relapse of fear. Despite recent transactions between basic animal research and human clinical studies on simple exposure therapy, little attention is paid to the counterconditioning process in systematic desensitization. By focusing on theoretical and experimental studies with animals and their implications for clinical settings, we propose further collaboration between basic and clinical studies.</p>
著者
島宗 理 中島 定彦 井上 雅彦 遠藤 清香 井澤 信三 奥田 健次 北川 公路 佐藤 隆弘 清水 裕文 霜田 浩信 高畑 庄蔵 田島 裕之 土屋 立 野呂 文行 服巻 繁 武藤 崇 山岸 直基 米山 直樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本行動分析学会
雑誌
行動分析学研究 (ISSN:09138013)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.174-208, 2003-09-05 (Released:2017-06-28)

行動分析士認定協会(Behavior Analyst Certification Board : BACB)は、国際行動分析学会(Association for Behavior Analysis : International)が公認し、支援している、行動分析学に基づいた臨床活動に携わる実践家を認定する非営利団体である。本資料ではBACBの資格認定システムを紹介し、実践家の職能を分析、定義したタスクリストの全訳を掲載する。タスクリストを検討することで行動分析家の専門性を明確にして、我が国における今後の人材育成やサービスの提供システムについて、検討を始めるきっかけをつくることが本資料の目的である。
著者
堀 麻佑子 沼田 恵太郎 中島 定彦 嶋﨑 恒雄
出版者
日本基礎心理学会
雑誌
基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.2, pp.246-252, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-05-13)
参考文献数
16

People prefer unambiguity to ambiguity in decision making under ambiguity. This phenomenon, known as “ambiguity aversion,” is thought to be influenced by environmental and psychological factors. The present research demonstrated the effects of choice opportunity (the availability of choice of cards), competition (the presence vs. absence of a competitor), and stimulus familiarity (familiar playing cards vs. unfamiliar tarot cards) on choice of ambiguity. Participants preferred the ambiguous deck of cards when they were allowed to choose playing cards. In the tarot-card task, however, they did not show a preference for the ambiguous deck even if they could choose the cards by themselves. The competition factor had no effect on the participants' choice. These findings indicate that choice opportunity and stimulus familiarity affect decision making under ambiguity.
著者
中島 定彦 Sadahiko Nakajima
出版者
関西学院大学人文学会
雑誌
人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.2, pp.39-53, 2010-09
著者
中島 定彦 Sadahiko Nakajima
雑誌
人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.2, pp.39-53, 2010-09-20
著者
中島 定彦
出版者
日本行動科学学会
雑誌
行動科学 (ISSN:09197435)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.1, pp.51-64, 2006-12
著者
玉井 紀子 中島 定彦 北口 勝也 今田 寛
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.6, pp.493-497, 2001-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
3 4

Renewal of conditioned fear by changing contexts after extinction was explored in an experiment with rats' lick suppression preparation. After repeated pairing of a tone with an electric shock in one chamber (Context A), conditioned fear to the tone was extinguished in the other chamber (Context B) on the water licking baseline. Return to the original chamber renewed the conditioned fear (ABA renewal effect). It was also found that shifting to Context B after both conditioning and extinction in Context A resulted in a brief recovery of the conditioned fear (AAB renewal effect). Implications for relapse of phobia after behavioral therapeutic treatments, such as flooding and systematic desensitization, were discussed.
著者
中島 定彦 福岡 朋実 高松 靖子 陳 香純
出版者
THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.1, pp.77-84, 2009
被引用文献数
1

According to the experimental studies conducted by European and American researchers, domestic dogs are good performers in choosing a container based on gestures provided by humans. Some researchers have argued that this ability is a product of domestication. We investigated whether family dogs in Japan can use social cues to locate food hidden in one of two small containers (pots). The tested cues were (1) pointing to the target pot with the contralateral hand (i.e., cross-body pointing), (2) turning the head to the target pot, and (3) kneeling behind the target pot (i.e., local enhancement). The performance was poor in the present study compared with the previous studies conduced in European/American countries. As family dogs are well controlled in these countries compared to those in Japan, our data seem to challenge the domestication hypothesis and support the claim that social skill learning plays a critical role in this task.