著者
今井 貴夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.2, pp.105-113, 2023-04-30 (Released:2023-06-14)
参考文献数
13

Electrophysiological measurement of the eye rotation axis using stimulation of a single semicircular canal nerve showed that the eye rotated around the axis perpendicular to the plane of the stimulated semicircular canal. Therefore, the affected semicircular canal can be identified by analyzing the eye rotation axis in cases of abnormal nystagmus. When the main component of the abnormal nystagmus is horizontal, the origin of the nystagmus is the lateral semicircular canal. When the main component of the abnormal nystagmus is torsional, the origin of the nystagmus is the anterior and/or posterior semicircular canal. The eye rotation axis in cases of excitatory nystagmus is quite the same as that in cases of inhibitory nystagmus, although the direction of eye rotation is opposite between cases of excitatory and inhibitory nystagmus. Vestibular neuritis mostly involves the superior vestibular nerve. The superior vestibular nerve transmits sensory information transmitted by from the vestibular hair cells located in the anterior and lateral semicircular canals. Therefore, patients with vestibular neuritis exhibit nystagmus with both horizontal and torsional components caused by inhibition of both the anterior and lateral semicircular canals. In patients with Ménière's disease, during a vertigo attack, excitatory nystagmus of anterior and/or posterior and/or lateral semicircular canal origin can be seen. Because the involving ratio of each contributing ratios of the three semicircular canals to nystagmus can vary, the ratio of the torsional component of the nystagmus to the horizontal component also varies. While nystagmus is purely horizontal in some cases, it is purely torsional in others. In the posterior canal type of BPPV, during the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, transient torsional nystagmus with the torsional component directed toward the affected side can be seen. In the lateral canal type of BPPV (canalolithiasis), geotropic positional nystagmus can be seen when the patient is supine. In the lateral canal type of BPPV (cupulolithiasis), apogeotropic positional nystagmus can be seen when the patient is supine.
著者
関根 和教 今井 貴夫 立花 文寿 松田 和徳 佐藤 豪 武田 憲昭
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.1, pp.47-51, 2010 (Released:2010-04-01)
参考文献数
15

We report a case of Costen's syndrome that showed chewing-induced nystagmus and vertigo. A 31-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of chewing-induced vertigo 5 days after dental therapy. During chewing a stick of gum, she complained of vertigo and showed nystagmus beating to the right, the direction of which changed to the left thereafter. No spontaneous and positional nystagmus or any abnormalities in the neurological examination could, however, be found. The chewing-induced nystagmus and vertigo gradually disappeared within 2 weeks. Costen's syndrome is associated with various symptoms due to temporomandibular dysfunction. In the case, it is suggested that malinterdigitation after dental therapy caused temporomandibular dysfunction, resulting in the chewing-induced nystagmus, therefore, Costen's syndrome was diagnosed.Eustachian tube hypothesis, Tensor tympani hypothesis and otomandibular ligament hypothesis that accounted for temporomandibular dysfunction-induced aural symptoms in patient with Costen's syndrome had been proposed, but recently were withdrew. On the other hand, it is reported that reciprocal connections between trigeminal and vestibular nuclei. The trigeminal somatosensory input associated with temporomandibular dysfunction after dental therapy may cause chewing-induced nystagmus via the trigemino-vestibular connection in the brainstem in the case.
著者
増村 千佐子 今井 貴夫 真貝 佳代子 滝本 泰光 奥村 朋子 太田 有美 森鼻 哲生 佐藤 崇 岡崎 鈴代 鎌倉 武史 猪原 秀典
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.2, pp.72-78, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-06-01)
参考文献数
15

The differential diagnosis for positional dizziness/vertigo, such as vertigo upon waking up or standing up, includes benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), orthostatic hypotension (OH), autonomic dysfunction, and so on. A correct and efficient diagnosis of this condition is important. The purposes of this study were to clarify in which cases is a Schellong test the optimal means of diagnosing OH among patients with positional vertigo and to obtain specific answers to our original questionnaire on dizziness/vertigo among OH patients. All the patients who visited our office complaining of dizziness/vertigo between 2012 and 2015 were asked to perform the Schellong test and to complete our questionnaire. We used a conventional BPPV diagnostic maneuver to diagnosis BPPV. The results were analyzed statistically. A total of 309 cases returned analyzable questionnaire results. Overall, 38 cases were finally diagnosed as having certain BPPV based on the observation of positional nystagmus; 104 cases tested positive using the Schellong test. None of the items in the questionnaire were correlated with either a positive or negative Schellong test result. When 13 Schellong test-positive cases were excluded from the certain BPPV group, three answers to the questions in the questionnaire differed significantly between the certain BPPV group and the Schellong test-positive group. These answers were as follows: a waking up/lying down movement or rolling over in a supine position triggers vertigo, and a specific head position exacerbates vertigo. In conclusion, when a patient complains of vertigo upon waking up or standing up, the following two specific questions should be asked: “Is your vertigo triggered by waking up/lying down or by rolling over in a supine position?” and “Does a specific head position exacerbate your vertigo?” If a patient answers ‘yes’ to either of these questions and positional nystagmus is not observed, a Schellong test should be performed to diagnose OH.
著者
近藤 真前 清水 謙祐 五島 史行 北原 糺 今井 貴夫 橋本 誠 下郡 博明 池園 哲郎 中山 明峰
出版者
一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会
雑誌
Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.6, pp.489-497, 2016-12-31 (Released:2017-02-01)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
2 2

Introduction: The vertigo symptom scale-short form (VSS-sf), which has three factors, the vestibular-balance symptom with long duration, the vestibular-balance symptom with short duration, and the autonomic symptom, was developed for measurement of the therapeutic effect in vestibular diseases. However, clinical use of the VSS-sf has not been reported in Japan, and there are very few analyses using scores of the factors or each item of the VSS-sf. The aims of this study is to report both clinical use of the VSS-sf in Japan and analyses using scores of the factors or each item of the VSS-sf. Methods: Participants included both adult inpatients and outpatients with either non-central dizziness/vertigo or vertebrobasilar insufficiency which occurred more than one month before, diagnosed by expert neuro-otologists. Participants completed three questionnaires: the VSS-sf, the dizziness handicap inventory, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). We conducted a multiple regression analysis with the scores of the three factors of the VSS-sf, to evaluate how much influence there was from vestibular and autonomic symptoms on any handicap due to dizziness. We analyzed the scores of each item of the VSS-sf to examine profiles of the symptoms in major vestibular diseases. Results: The results of 159 participants were analyzed. Standard partial regression coefficients of anxiety, depression, and the vestibular-balance symptom with long duration were significant, however, those of the vestibular-balance symptom with short duration and the autonomic symptom were not. Most frequent autonomic symptoms were headache, chill/flashes, and palpitation in Ménière's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, vestibular neuronitis, and psychogenic dizziness. Conclusion: The VSS-sf can be conducted without major problems in Japan, and may be useful for patients with vestibular diseases, not only to measure therapeutic effect but also to analyze the influence of, or relation between the vestibular-balance symptom/autonomic symptoms and other clinical variables.
著者
太田 有美 長谷川 太郎 川島 貴之 宇野 敦彦 今井 貴夫 諏訪 圭子 西村 洋 大崎 康宏 増村 千佐子 北村 貴裕 土井 勝美 猪原 秀典
出版者
一般社団法人 日本耳科学会
雑誌
Otology Japan (ISSN:09172025)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.244-250, 2012 (Released:2013-07-12)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
7

人工内耳手術においては手術手技に関係した合併症もあるが、電極のスリップアウトや機器の故障など特有の問題で再手術を要することがある。再手術は患者にとって負担となるものであり、避けうるものは避けなければならない。また術前に起こりうる合併症について患者に情報提供する必要もある。そこで、これまで当科で行った人工内耳手術症例について術後の合併症、特に再手術に至った症例の手術内容、原因を検討することとした。対象は1991年1月から2011年3月までの20年間に大阪大学医学部附属病院耳鼻咽喉科で人工内耳手術を施行された症例494例(成人319例、小児175例)である。何らかの理由で再手術を行ったのは、成人27例(8.5%)、小児20例(11.4%)であった。再手術の原因は、機器の故障8例、音反応不良11例、電極スリップアウト・露出6例、皮弁壊死5例、真珠腫4例などが挙げられる。小児では外傷(2例)や内耳奇形に起因するgusher(1例)や顔面痙攣(1例)がみられた。手術内容としては電極入れ替えが最多であったが、本体移動や真珠腫摘出、人工内耳抜去もあった。複数回手術を要している例もあり、特に小児において成人に比べると有意に多い。小児では皮弁の感染・壊死や真珠腫形成などで手術を要する状態になると複数回手術を要していることが多かった。このことから小児では皮弁の感染、壊死に特に注意が必要であると考える。電極スリップアウト・露出した例13例中8例(61.3%)という高い割合で中耳疾患の既往がみられており、中耳疾患の既往がある場合は、電極が露出しないような工夫を行う必要がある。人工内耳手術は重篤な合併症の割合は低く、安全な手術といえるが、皮弁壊死や真珠腫形成で複数回の再手術を要することがあり、患者指導や専門医による定期的な経過観察、長期の経過観察が必要と考える。
著者
宇野 敦彦 堀井 新 今井 貴夫 大崎 康宏 鎌倉 武史 北原 糺 滝本 泰光 太田 有美 森鼻 哲生 西池 季隆 猪原 秀典
出版者
一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会
雑誌
日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.116, no.8, pp.960-968, 2013-08-20 (Released:2013-10-09)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
5 7

内リンパ水腫の診断にMRIによる画像診断が導入されてきた. 当施設での内耳造影MRIによる内リンパ水腫検出について, 造影剤投与法による違い, また従来からの水腫推定検査である蝸電図, グリセロールテストとの比較を行った.めまい発作の頻度が高い, 一側性メニエール病あるいは遅発性内リンパ水腫例に対し, 造影剤を鼓室内投与 (17例) あるいは経静脈的に投与 (10例) し, 3テスラMRIによる2D-FLAIR像を得た. 内耳の外リンパ液は高信号に描出され, 内リンパ腔は低信号域となる. 蝸牛管に相当する部分に明らかな低信号領域を認めた場合を蝸牛水腫と判断し, 前庭の写るスライスの過半数で大部分に低信号領域がみられた場合を前庭水腫とした. 鼓室内投与法では88% (15/17例) に, 静注法では90% (9/10例) に内リンパ水腫を検出した. 静注法の対側耳では20% (2/10例) に水腫を検出した. 蝸電図やグリセロールテストは, 難聴が進行している例では評価が困難で, それぞれ陽性例は患側耳で15例と6例のみにとどまった. ただ蝸電図は波形の分析が可能であれば陽性率は高く, 患側耳の88% (15/17耳) に相当した. MRIと蝸電図の両者の結果が得られた例では, 静注法で得られた対側耳の結果も含めて78% (21/27耳) が一致した. 定性的な水腫の有無について, 鼓室内投与法と静注法による検出率は同等であった. 内耳造影MRIは内リンパ水腫診断において従来の検査以上に有効と考えられる