著者

長谷川 昭 中島 淳一 内田 直希 海野 徳仁

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.3, pp.398-417, 2013-06-25 (Released:2013-07-08)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

1 1

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Recent investigations based on seismic tomography, hypocenter determinations and focal mechanism analyses using dense seismic network data reveal the precise configurations of the Pacific (PAC) and Philippine Sea (PHS) plates subducting beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area. Estimated geometry shows a broad contact zone between the two plates located directly beneath the Kanto plain. The overlap with the PHS plate subducting above it provides the PAC plate with protection from being heated by the hot mantle wedge. Moreover, the fore-arc portion of the PHS plate, before its subduction beneath Kanto, had been cooled by the subduction of the PAC plate from the Izu-Bonin trench. These cause lower-temperature conditions within the two oceanic plates and the upper continental plate beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area. As a result, depth limits of seismic activities within the plates and along their boundaries are anomalously deep. Seismic tomography studies show that the easternmost portion of the PHS slab mantle is serpentinized. The PHS slab may have been torn in two along the western boundary of this serpentinized mantle, with the eastern portion being left behind relative to subduction of the western portion. This is accompanied by the generation of large intraslab earthquakes along the boundary. We need to take these observations into consideration to understand the mechanism generating M7-class earthquakes, which are anticipated to occur in the southern Kanto region with a high probability.

著者

古賀 祥子 伊藤 喜宏 日野 亮太 篠原 雅尚 海野 徳仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.75-90, 2012-01-25 (Released:2012-02-20)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 4

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A double-planed shallow seismic zone has been found in the northeastern Japan forearc region. However, the characterizations of the focal mechanisms of earthquakes in this zone, especially the lower plane events, cannot be carried out adequately due to low seismicity and poor station coverage on the focal sphere of the onshore P-wave polarity data. In this study, we determine the focal depth using the sP depth phase and the focal mechanisms using the P-wave initial motions observed by the ocean bottom cabled seismic stations and temporary autonomous ocean bottom seismic networks off Miyagi, as well as the onshore seismic networks. Seven focal mechanism solutions of events were precisely determined. Using the classification based on the dip angles of the T, B and P axes, we classified 21 weakly constrained focal mechanisms of other events having poor station coverage. All the determined solutions were of the thrust-faulting type regardless of the focal depth. The offshore observations helped considerably in constraining the focal mechanisms of these far-offshore earthquakes, especially their rake angles. Although previous studies had reported that the focal mechanisms of the upper and lower plane events show predominantly normal and reverse faulting respectively, our result showed that the thrust events in the upper plane seem to occur on the plate boundary. We found that the focal mechanisms change from normal faulting in the upper plane to reverse faulting in the lower plane at a depth of 15km from the plate boundary, possibly defining the depth of the neutral plane in the northeastern Japan forearc region included in the source area of the 1933 Mw8.4 Sanriku earthquake. The western edge of the normal faulting events along the upper plane is located about 70km inward from the trench axis. These results suggest that the earthquake-generating stress field in the double-planed shallow and deep seismic zone in the northeastern Japan arc can be explained by the bending-unbending model of the subducting Pacific plate.

著者

海野 徳仁 長谷川 昭 小原 一成 松沢 暢 清水 洋 高木 章雄 田中 和夫 小菅 正裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.399-410, 1985-09-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 6

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Hypocenter determination for aftershocks of the 1983 Japan Sea Earthquake (M7.7) is made by using the seismic networks of Tohoku University and of Hirosaki University. The obtained aftershock area is 160km long in north-south direction with a width of 40km, distributing itself along the eastern margin of the Japan Basin. Most of the aftershocks are located within the area bordered by the 2000m and 3000m isobaths, northern and southern ends being surrounded by the Sado Ridge and the Oshima Plateau, respectively. Precise hypocenter distribution deliniates an eastward dipping fault plane with a shallow dip angle. Almost all the aftershocks are located in the crust, which is consistent with the fact that the PMP phase is clearly observed from most of the aftershocks.A remarkable later phase is observed at many stations 4-7 sec after the P arrival. This later phase is interpreted as the reflected wave both at the sea surface and at the Moho discontinuity (pwPMP). Focal depth distribution estimated from arrival time differences between PMP and pwPMP phases also shows the eastward dipping fault plane with a shallow dip angle.Foreshock activity started 12 days before the occurrence of the main shock within a concentrated area in the vicinity of the main shock hypocenter. All the foreshocks are classified into two groups: one with high peak-frequency and the other with low peak-frequency, each having very similar wave forms. Hypocenters of low peak-frequency events are located at shallower depths than those of the main shock and high peak-frequency events.

著者

長谷川 昭 中島 淳一 内田 直希 梁田 高広 岡田 知己 趙 大鵬 松澤 暢 海野 徳仁

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.1, pp.128-160, 2012-02-25 (Released:2012-03-05)

参考文献数

120

被引用文献数

6 12

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The mechanisms that generate the three main types of earthquake in subduction zones are discussed addressing their relations to geofluids. Studies on the spatial distribution of earthquakes and seismic velocity structure within the subducted slab provide evidence that strongly supports the dehydration embrittlement hypothesis for the generation of intermediate-depth intraslab earthquakes. Detailed imaging of the seismic velocity structure in and around plate boundary zones suggests that interplate coupling is mainly controlled by local fluid over-pressure. Seismic tomography studies show the existence of inclined sheet-like seismic low-velocity zones in the mantle wedge, not only in Tohoku but also in other areas in Japan, which perhaps correspond to the upwelling flow of the subduction-induced convection system. These upwelling flows reach the Moho directly beneath the volcanic areas, suggesting that those volcanic areas are formed by the upwelling flows. Aqueous fluids derived from the slab are probably transported up through the upwelling flows to the arc crust, where they might weaken the surrounding crustal rocks and finally cause shallow inland earthquakes. All of these observations suggest that geofluids expelled from the subducting slab play an important role in the generation of earthquakes in subduction zones.

著者

海野 徳仁 長谷川 昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.237-257, 1982-06-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

10 10

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A precise relocation of earthquakes using data listed in the Seismological Bulletin of the Japan Meteorological Agency reveals a double-planed structure of the deep seismic zone in the whole region of the northeastern Japan arc. The two planes are nearly parallel to each other and the distance between them is from 30km to 40km. The lower seismic plane appears at depths greater than about 60km in the Tohoku District, northeastern Japan, while that appears at depths greater than about 90km in the Kanto District.Some interesting characteristics are found from focal mechanism study for large earthquakes and microearthquakes in the upper seismic plane. In the Tohoku District, the predominant fault-plane solution for earthquakes shallower than about 60km is low angle thrust faulting and that for deeper earthquakes is down dip compression. In the Kanto District, similar characteristics are found for earthquakes in the upper seismic plane, except that the depth at which the predominant focal mechanism changes is about 90km. This difference may be closely associated with the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate overriding the Pacific plate in the Kanto District.In the whole region of the northeastern Japan arc, the earthquakes in the lower seismic plane is characterized by down dip extensional fault. Down dip compressional and down dip extensional earthquakes form a pair in the double-planed deep seismic zone, since the depth at which the lower seismic plane appears is consistent with the depth at which the predominant focal mechanism changes in the upper seismic plane.The depth to the upper seismic plane just beneath the volcanic front is about 100km in the Tohoku District, whereas the depth is much deeper in the Kanto District, where the triple junction among the Philippine Sea plate, the Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate is situated.

著者

長谷川 昭 堀内 茂木 植木 貞人 西澤 あずさ 松澤 暢 海野 徳仁 堀 修一郎 稲盛 隆穂 松本 聡 浜口 博之 高木 章雄 田中 和夫 鈴木 将之 末広 潔

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.161-169, 1989-06-24 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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A seismic refraction experment was carried out around the Bandai volcanic area, the southern part of the Tohoku District, by using a large capacity (9 liter air chamber) marine airgun. Shallow crustal structure (down to about a 4km depth) obtained along the 30km-length profile shows the swelling of the second layer with P-wave velocity more than about 4.0km/s just beneath Bandai volcano in parallel to the surface topography. The swelling of the second layer by about 1km is in good agreement with that of the basement estimated from the Bouguer anomaly.Seismic signals from the surrounding telemetered stations of Tohoku University at epicentral distances from 10km to 230km, are continuously recorded during the airgun experiments. In the stacked records we can detect the clear first P arrivals from the airgun shots at the stations with distances ranging up to 150km, which shows the usefullness of the marine airgun for studying the crustal structure on land. Anomalously late P arrivals or unclear P arrivals are observed for the ray paths which cross active volcanoes. This result and the shallow crustal structure obtained along the refraction profile suggest the existence of the anomalous zone beneath Bandai volcano at depths deeper than about 4km.

著者

河野 俊夫 仁田 交市 松本 聡 堀内 茂木 岡田 知己 開原 貴美 長谷川 昭 堀 修一郎 海野 徳仁 鈴木 将之

出版者

日本地震学会

雑誌

地震. 2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.85-93, 1993-09-24

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

8

著者

内田 直希 東 龍介 石上 朗 岡田 知己 高木 涼太 豊国 源知 海野 徳仁 太田 雄策 佐藤 真樹子 鈴木 秀市 高橋 秀暢 立岩 和也 趙 大鵬 中山 貴史 長谷川 昭 日野 亮太 平原 聡 松澤 暢 吉田 圭佑

出版者

日本地球惑星科学連合

雑誌

日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会

巻号頁・発行日

2019-03-14

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沈み込み帯研究のフロンティアである前弧の海域下において,防災科学技術研究所は新たに日本海溝海底地震津波観測網(S-net)を構築した.S-netは東北日本の太平洋側の海岸から約200kmの範囲を海溝直交方向に約30km,海溝平行方向に50-60km間隔でカバーする150点の海底観測点からなり,その速度と加速度の連続データが,2018年10月より2016年8月に遡って公開された.観測空白域に設置されたこの観測網は,沈み込み帯の構造およびダイナミクスの解明に風穴をあける可能性がある.本発表ではこの新しいデータを用いた最初の研究を紹介する.まず,海底の速度計・加速度計の3軸の方向を,加速度計による重力加速度および遠地地震波形の振動軌跡を用いて推定した.その結果,2つの地震に伴って1°以上のケーブル軸周りの回転が推定されたが,それ以外には大きな時間変化は見られないことがわかった.また,センサーの方位は,5-10°の精度で推定できた.さらに得られた軸方向を用い,東西・南北・上下方向の波形を作成した(高木・他,本大会).海底観測に基づく震源決定で重要となる浅部の堆積層についての研究では,PS変換波を用いた推定により,ほとんどの観測点で,350-400mの厚さに相当する1.3 – 1.4 秒のPS-P 時間が観測された.ただし,千島-日本海溝の会合部海側と根室沖の海溝陸側では,さらに堆積層が厚い可能性がある(東・他,本大会).また,雑微動を用いた相関解析でも10秒以下の周期で1.5 km/s と0.3 km/sの2つの群速度で伝播するレイリー波が見られ,それぞれ堆積層と海水層にエネルギーを持つモードと推定された(高木・他,本大会).さらに,近地地震波形の読み取りによっても,堆積層およびプレート構造の影響を明らかにすることができた.1次元および3次元速度構造から期待される走時との比較により,それぞれ陸域の地震の海溝海側での観測で3秒程度(岡田・他,本大会),海域の地震で場所により2秒程度(豊国・他,本大会)の走時残差が見られた.これらは,震源決定や地震波トモグラフィーの際の観測点補正などとして用いることができる(岡田・他,本大会; 豊国・他,本大会).もう少し深い上盤の速度構造もS-netのデータにより明らかとなった.遠地地震の表面波の到達時間の差を用いた位相速度推定では,20-50sの周期について3.6-3.9km/sの位相速度を得ることができた.これはRayleigh波の位相速度として妥当な値である.また,得られた位相速度の空間分布は,宮城県・福島県沖の領域で周りに比べて高速度を示した(石上・高木,本大会).この高速度は,S-netを用いた近地地震の地震波トモグラフィーからも推定されている.また,このトモグラフィーでは,S-netの利用により海溝に近い場所までの速度構造がよく求まることが示された(豊国・他,本大会).雑微動解析によっても,周期30秒程度の長周期まで観測点間を伝播するレイリー波およびラブ波を抽出することができた.これらも地殻構造の推定に用いることができる(高木・他,本大会).また,海域の前弧上盤の構造についてはS-net 観測点を用いたS波スプリッティング解析によって速度異方性の特徴が明らかになった.プレート境界地震を用いた解析から,速いS波の振動方向は,海溝と平行な方向を向く傾向があり,マントルウエッジの鉱物の選択配向や上盤地殻のクラックの向きを表している可能性がある(内田・他,本大会).プレート境界においては,繰り返し地震がS-net速度波形によっても抽出できることが示された.プレート境界でのスロースリップの検出やプレート境界の位置推定に役立つ可能性がある(内田・他,本大会).さらに,S-net加速度計のデータの中には,潮汐と思われる変動が観測されるものもあり,プレート境界におけるスロースリップによる傾斜変動を捉えられる可能性があるかもしれない(高木・他,本大会).以上のように,東北日本の前弧海洋底における連続観測について,そのデータの特性が明らかになるとともに,浅部から深部にわたる沈み込み帯の構造や変動についての新たな知見が得られつつある.これらの研究は技術的にも内容的にもお互いに密接に関わっており,総合的な解析の推進がさらなるデータ活用につながると考えられる. 謝辞:S-netの構築・データ蓄積および公開に携わられた皆様に感謝いたします.

著者

長谷川 昭 海野 徳仁 高木 章雄 鈴木 貞臣 本谷 義信 亀谷 悟 田中 和夫 澤田 義博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.129-150, 1983-06-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

13 13

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Precise relocation of earthquakes occurring in Hokkaido and northern Honshu during the period from January, 1979 to October 1981 is made by using 35 stations of the microearthquake observation networks of Tohoku University, of Hokkaido University, of Hirosaki University and of Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry. Obtained hypocenter distribution shows the double-planed structure of the deep seismic zone in the whole area of Hokkaido and northern Honshu including the junction between the northeastern Japan arc and the Kurile arc. At the junction the deep seismic zone is contorted but is still double-planed at least in the upper 150km depth range. Beneath the southern end of the Kurile arc (central and eastern Hokkaido) the upper seismic plane of the double seismic zone disappears at depths greater than about 120km, whereas the seismicity in the upper seismic plane is still active in this depth range beneath the northeastern Japan arc.Hypocenters on the deep seismic zone beneath Hokkaido, relocated in the present study, are systematically shifted to the SE or SSE direction in comparison with the locations by the Hokkaido University network. This systematic shift of hypocenters is found to be well explained by the existence of the subducted lithosphere with seismic wave velocities higher than the surrounding mantle.

著者

伊藤 喜宏 岡田 知己 松澤 暢 海野 徳仁 長谷川 昭 前田 憲二

雑誌

日本地震学会講演予稿集 = Programme and abstracts, the Seismological Society of Japan

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1999, no.2, 1999-11-09

著者

海野 徳仁 河野 俊夫 岡田 知己 中島 淳一 松澤 暢 内田 直希 長谷川 昭 田村 良明 青木 元

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.325-337, 2007-03-25 (Released:2013-08-05)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 5

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Hypocenters of the main shocks and aftershocks of the 1933 Mjma 7.1, 1936 Mjma 7.4, 1937 Mjma 7.1, 1939 Mjma 6.9, 1978 Mjma 7.4, and 1981 Mjma 7.0 Miyagi-oki, NE Japan, earthquakes are relocated by using S-P times reported in the Seismological Bulletin of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and those re-read from original smoked-paper seismograms observed at Mizusawa station of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) and at Mukaiyama station of Tohoku University. In order to avoid large errors caused by inaccuracies in the arrival times of P- and S-waves and the limited number of observation stations, we determined hypocenters by using a grid search method based on the assumption that these events occurred at the boundary between the subducting Pacific plate and the overriding plate. The main shock epicenters of the 1933, 1936, 1937, and 1978 earthquakes are determined close to each other, and distributions of their aftershocks show that aftershock areas of 1933, 1936, and 1937 events partly overlap with that of the 1978 event and occupy its easternmost, central, and westernmost portions, respectively. It is likely that the 1933, 1936, and 1937 events possibly ruptured a part of the source area of the 1978 event, that is the eastern, central, and western portions, respectively. Locations of the main shock and aftershock area of the 1939 event are adjacent to the eastern edge of the source area of 1978 event. After the 1978 event, the 1981 earthquake had occurred there following the slip on the asperities in the presumed Miyagi-oki earthquake source area.

著者

岡田 知巳 海野 徳仁 伊藤 喜宏

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大學地震研究所彙報 (ISSN:00408972)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.1, pp.61-74, 2001

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Northeastern (NE) Japan is located at a typical subduction zone, and many shallow inland earthquakes occur in this region. In recent years, several moderate earthquakes have occurred in the land area of NE Japan. The characteristics of these earthquakes are strongly related to tectonic features in this region. We investigated source processes of these earthquakes using empirical Green's function method. In Sendai city, a moderate (M5.0) earthquake occurred on 15 September, 1998. It was located at the deepest portion of an active fault-Nagamachi-Rifu fault. We used data observed by nearby strong motion arrays. The spatial extent of the rupture area corresponds to that of the aftershock area, and the aftershock activity was high in the area with a relatively small amount of slip of the main shock rupture. We also investigated the source process of the largest foreshock (M3.8). The rupture area of the foreshock does not strongly overlap the asperities of the main shock. Three earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 5 (M5.9 event at 3: 12, M5.4 event at 3: 54 and M5.7 event at 8: 10) occurred on 11 August, 1996 in the Onikobe area near the border of Akita and Miyagi prefectures. Two days after these events, a M4.9 event occurred in an adjacent region. These events were located close to each other, but their mechanism solutions are quite different; thrust-type faults for M 5.9 and M 5.4 events and strike-slip faults for M 5.7 and M 4.9 events. We used waveform data observed by the regional strong motion network (Kyoshin-net, NIED, Japan) and the broadband station network of Tohoku Univ. and JMA. The rupture areas of these earthquakes do not overlap and the areas with high activity of aftershocks are located at the edge of the rupture areas and in areas with little slip.

著者

海野 徳仁 伊藤 喜宏 五十嵐 俊博 長谷川 昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.263-268, 2001-03-25 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

海野 徳仁 平田 直 小菅 正裕 松島 健 飯尾 能久 鷺谷 威 笠原 稔 丸井 英明 田中 淳 岡田 知己 浅野 陽一 今泉 俊文 三浦 哲 源栄 正人 纐纈 一起 福岡 浩 渥美 公秀 大矢根 淳 吉井 博明

出版者

東北大学

巻号頁・発行日

2008

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臨時余震観測から本震時には西傾斜の震源断層が主に活動したが、それと直交する東傾斜の余震活動もみられた。震源域直下の深さ30~40kmには低速度域が広く存在しており、そこから3本の低速度域が地表の活火山にまで続いていた。GPS観測データから本震時すべりは岩手・宮城県境付近で最も大きかった。本震後の顕著な余効すべりは震源断層の浅部延長で発生し、地震時すべりと余効すべりは相補的である。強震動データでは0.1~0.3秒の短周期成分が卓越していため震度6弱の割には建物被害が少なかった。