著者

阿江 通良 宮下 憲 飯干 明

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.105-113, 1988

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The purposes of this study were to analyze energy flows between lower limb segments during a cycle of sprinting and to clarify the characteristics of two different running motions, starting dash and sprinting at a constant speed, by comparing their energy flows. Three male sprinters dashed 20m and ran 100m giving their full effort. They were filmed at the 1-step and 5-step points after the start and at the 80m mark of the 100m sprint with a motion-picture camera. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously sampled at 500Hz. Digitized x and y coordinates of the body marks were smoothed by a digital filter cutting off at 8Hz for the start dash and 10Hz for sprinting. A 14-segment link modelling was used to compute linear and angular kinematics, joint forces, and net muscle moments. Joint force and muscle moment powers (abbreviated JP and MP) were computed as defined by Robertson and Winter (1980). Analysis and comparison of energy flow in a starting dash and sprinting at a constant speed revealed that: 1) Magnitude of energy flow by JP was much greater than that of MP in sprinting, while the difference in power level of JP and MP was less 1 step after the start. 2) In the early recovery period of sprinting, energy in the lower limb flowed from the trunk toward the foot, and it flowed in the reverse direction in the late recovery period. In the support period, the muscles at the ankle and knee joints absorbed most of the energy. Energy flowed from the trunk and thigh to the shank in the first half of the support period, and from the foot to the shank and from the trunk to the shank through the thigh in the second half. 3) In the recovery period of the starting dash energy flowed in the same manner as in sprinting. However, in the support period, the energy flowed from the foot to the thigh and the trunk. Notable was energy flow from the opposite thigh (i.e., the recovery thigh) to the trunk. From the viewpoint of energy flow patterns in the lower limb, a starting dash may be characterized as the running motion that accumulates as much mechanical energy in the trunk as possible through the generation of energy by the knee joint muscles and the transfer of energy to the trunk from the leg, especially the opposite leg at the support stage. Sprinting at constant speed may be characterized as the running motion to redistribute the energy between the body segments and the trunk with the minimum loss of energy.

著者

伊藤 章 小林 寛道 阿江 通良 飯干 明 藤井 範久 榎本 靖士 深代 千之 杉田 正明

出版者

大阪体育大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

---

第11回世界陸上競技選手権大会(大阪,2007)に出場した各種種目の世界一流選手と日本選手の動作分析とタイム分析をおこなった.これらの分析結果とこれまで蓄積してきたデータとを比較し,今回出場した世界一流選手たちの技術の特徴を明らかにするとともに,日本選手の技術の長所や改善すべき点を洗い出すことが出来た.多くのデータを収集できた種目に関しては,記録との相関関係をもとに普遍的ともいえる合理的技術を示すことが出来た.

著者

島田 一志 阿江 通良 藤井 範久 川村 卓 高橋 佳三

出版者

日本バイオメカニクス学会

雑誌

バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.12-26, 2004-03-31 (Released:2023-03-11)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

31

---

The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanical energy during baseball pitching for 22 varsity baseball players by using three-dimensional motion analysis technique with two force platforms. Joint torque powers, joint force powers, and segment torque powers of the joints were computed using an inverse dynamics approach.In the energy increasing phase of upper torso, a great deal of mechanical energy flowed into the torso. The mechanical energy transferred to the upper torso due to the segment torque power significantly related to the ball velocity at the release (r=0.480, p<0.05). In the late cocking and accelerating phase, great mechanical energy flowed into the distal segment and the ball due to the joint force power were observed at the throwing arm joints. There were significant relationships between the ball velocity at the release and mechanical energy flows due to the elbow and the wrist joint force powers (r=0.775, p<0.001 and r=0.827, p<0.001). These results suggested that the mechanical energy flows to the upper torso in the energy increasing phase of upper torso and to the throwing arm and ball in the late cocking phase are important to increase the ball release velocity.

著者

岡田 英孝 阿江 通良 藤井 範久 森丘 保典

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.125-139, 1996-07-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

63 91

---

In the analysis of human movement, it is significant that appropriate parameters of the inertia property of body segments should be used because they will affect various computed kinetic variables. When analyzing the movement of elderly people, it is also desirable to use the inertia parameters of the body segments suitable for the elderly. Although there are appropriate sets of inertia parameters of the body segments for children (Yokoi et al., 1986) and young adults (Ae et al., 1992) of Japanese, no report exists on those for Japanese elderly. The purposes of this study were to determine the mass, the location of the center of mass (CM) and the principal moments of inertia about three axes of the body segments for Japanese elderly males and females by using an elliptical zone model (Jensen, 1978; Ae et al., 1992), and to develop a set of regression equations to estimate inertia parameters of the body segments using simple anthropometric measurements as predictors. Subjects were 90 Japanese elderly males aged 62 to 86 yr. (mean 75.1 yr.) and 89 Japanese elderly females aged 61 to 83 yr. (mean 73.0 yr.). Each subject, wearing swimming suit and cap, was photographed in a standing position in the measurement frame with a thin mirror mounted at an angle of 45° to the subject. Body segments were the head, whole torso, upper arms, forearms, hands, thighs, shanks, feet, upper torso and lower torso. They were modeled as a stacked system of elliptical zones 2cm in thickness. Segment density was assumed to be uniform and selected from 26 sets of segment densities after Dempster (1955) and Chandler et al. (1975). The mean errors in the estimation of total body mass were -0.07±0.54% (maximal error: -2.03%) for the males and -0.01±0.45% (maximal error: -1.27%) for the females. Equations for the estimation of the body segment inertia parameters were determined using a stepwise multiple regression with age, standing height, body weight and segment length as predictors. The results obtained could be summarized as follows: 1) There were significant differences in many body segment inertia parameters between the elderly males and females. The percent mass ratios of the forearm, hand, foot and upper torso for the elderly males were significantly larger than those for the elderly females, but the thigh, shank and lower torso ratios for the elderly females were significantly larger than those for the males. 2) There were significant differences in many body segment inertia parameters between the elderly and the young adults (Ae et al., 1992) and between the Japanese elderly and the Canadian elderly (Jensen et al., 1993; 1994). 3) The correlation coefficients between the body segment inertia parameters determined and estimated from the regression equations were all significant (0.328-0.979; p<0.01). The equations determined in this study should be valid for estimation of the body segment inertia properties for Japanese elderly.

著者

結城 匡啓 阿江 通良 浅見 高明

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.111-121, 1992-05-20 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

6

---

Many researchers have attempted to measure the change in velocity of the center of gravity (CG) for speed skaters in stroking. However, there have been some difficulties in measuring the velocity change in speed skating; they include the very long stride length (about 10m) and the three-dimensional behavior of the skater's CG. The purposes of this study were to investigate the push-off technique for top-level Japanese speed skaters and the change in velocity during the push-off phase using 3D cinematography, and then to examine acceleration theory during the push-off phase in speed skating. Skaters participating in the 500m race of the All Japan student championship (1989) were videotaped (60 fields/s) by 10 VTR cameras over 20m at the crossing zone of the back straightaway. Twenty-two male skaters were selected as subjects and classified into two groups on the basis of the performance of the competition. 3D coordinates of the segment endpoints were obtained on five sub-areas (each 4m in length) using a DLT method. Displacement and velocity of the CG and the angles of the hip, knee and ankle joint were calculated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Push-off movement for the top group skaters placed the CG further forward than that of the second group. 2) The vector derived from the push-off movement for the top group skaters was directed forward, and accelerated the CG of the skaters effectively. 3) Increase in the velocity in skating direction for all subjects seemed to contribute more than expected to the acceleration of the CG. It has been proposed that acceleration in speed skating occurs by push-off of the leg in a direction perpendicular to the gliding direction of the skate, since the force applied to the opposite direction of gliding cannot contribute to acceleration of the CG due to very small frictional force. However, this theory cannot thoroughly explain the findings obtained for the top skaters in this investigation. Therefore, the acceleration theory should be modified to reflect the fact that the CG of the skater during speed skating is accelerated not only by the push-off perpendicular to the gliding direction but also by an increase in velocity vector in a gliding direction.

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.89-103, 1995-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

4 6

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the motions between the speed throw and the distance throw, using a three-dimensional(3D) motion analysis. Twenty-four male university baseball players were the subjects of this study. They were asked to throw a ball (mass 0.144kg) horizontally as fast as possible (speed throw: ST), and as far as possible (distance throw: DT). These motions were filmed by two high-speed video cameras. 3D landmark coordinates of the subiects and the ball were calculated by the DLT method. The following kinematic parameters were computed: angle of release, the component velocities of the ball, the 3D angles for the backward/forward lean, right/left lean of the upper torso, and the twist of the torso and those for the abduction/adduction, horizontal flexion/extension, internal/external rotation at the shoulder joint, and the flexion/extension at the elbow joint of the throwing arm. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the stride foot contact to the ball release, and then averaged. Angle of release was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST. Significant difference was not found between the resultant velocity of the ST and the DT. Vertical velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. On the other hand, horizontal velocity of the ball was significantly larger in the ST than in the DT. The backward lean and the left lean angles of the upper torso were also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST throughout the all sequences analyzed. Ranges of these angular displacements between the stride foot contact and the release, however, had no significant difference between the ST and the DT. The shoulder adduction angle was also significantly larger in the DT than in the ST during the latter half of the acceleration phase. These results indicate that the differences in the release parameters between the ST and the DT were caused not only by the throwing arm motions but also by the motions of the upper torso. It has been suggested that the motions to upward and left ward of the upper torso helps to achieve longer throwing distance in the DT, and that forward lean of the upper torso possibly contributes to achieve larger horizontal ball velocity at the release in the ST.

著者

高木 斗希夫 藤井 範久 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.216-224, 2010 (Released:2016-04-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

10 1

---

本研究では,野球における速度の異なるボールに対する打撃動作に影響を及ぼす力学的要因を明らかにすることを目的とした.速度の異なるボール(75-80km/h,100-105km/h,125-130km/h)を被験者に打撃させ,3 次元自動動作分析システムを用いて動作を計測するとともに,2 台のフォースプラットフォームを用いて両足下の地面反力を計測した.下肢及び体幹部に作用する関節力および関節トルク,さらに股関節トルクを下胴の長軸周りの軸へ投影した成分(下胴回転成分)などを算出した.その結果,ボール速度の大きい条件では,投手方向への身体の移動に関与する力積が小さく,この要因として踏出足接地から身体重心速度が最大値に到達する時点までの動作時間の短さが大きく影響を及ぼしていた.また,ボール速度の大きい条件では,軸足側では股関節外転トルクの下胴回転成分,踏出足側では股関節屈曲トルクの下胴回転成分が大きく作用していた.

著者

高木 斗希夫 藤井 範久 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.158-166, 2008 (Released:2010-12-13)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

16 5

---

本研究では,球速の異なるボールに対する野球の打撃動作の特徴を明らかにすることで,打撃の正確性に影響を及ぼす動作要因について検討することを目的とした.球速の異なるボール( 75km/h,100km/h,125km/h)を被験者に打撃させ, 3次元自動動作分析システムを用いて動作を計測した.打撃の正確性を評価する指標としてインパクト角を用いて,身体の並進および回転動作と打撃の正確性との関連について検討を加えた.その結果,ボール速度が大きい条件( 125km/h)においては,身体重心の並進移動距離を小さくするとともに,上胴部およびバットの回転動作範囲を小さくすることが打撃の正確性を高める動作であると考えられた.さらに,体幹の捻り角度および捻り戻しの角速度の最大値にはボール速度条件による有意な差は認められなかったため,これらの動作はボール速度に関わらずスイングに必要な動作であると考えられた.

著者

森本 吉謙 伊藤 浩志 島田 一志 川村 卓 阿江 通良 村木 征人

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.13-26, 2003-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

著者

森 慎太朗 松元 剛 中川 昭 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, 2010

著者

石川 優希 小池 関也 増村 雅尚 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, 2007

著者

法元 康二 阿江 通良 榎本 靖士

出版者

日本学生陸上競技連合

雑誌

陸上競技研究 (ISSN:09199918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.4, pp.19-24, 2001-12

著者

法元 康二 阿江 通良 横澤 俊治 藤井 範久

出版者

日本コーチング学会

雑誌

コーチング学研究 (ISSN:21851646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.139-152, 2011

---

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The purpose of this study was to investigate technical factors relating to the maintenance of walking speed in race walking in official 20km races. Thirty-five elite race walkers were analyzed as subjects by using VTR camera (60 Hz) at 4-8km and 14-18km point during 20km official race. The results were as follows. <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Decreases in the recovery hip and knee joint torques resulted in decreases in the backward joint forces at the hip and knee, which decreased the joint force power at the recovery hip and knee and the mechanical energy flow from the recovery leg to the torso during the second half of the recovery phase. Therefore, decreases in the joint force at the recovery hip and knee decreased the mechanical energy flow, which might lead to decrease in the walking speed.</p>

著者

法元 康二 阿江 通良

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, 1998-08-20

著者

道上 静香 阿江 通良 島田 一志

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会号 第48回(1997) (ISSN:24330183)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.349, 1997-08-29 (Released:2017-08-25)

著者

中谷 英樹 小林 育斗 清水 悠 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第63回(2012) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170, 2012-08-22 (Released:2017-04-06)

著者

宮西 智久 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.23-37, 1996-05-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

7

---

We investigated the contribution of the motions in the upper torso and the throwing arm joints to the ball velocity during the baseball throw. The ball velocities caused by the anatomical rotations at the upper torso, shoulder, elbow, wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints were calculated as the vector products between the anatomical angular velocity vectors of joints and the respective relative displacement vectors from the joint centers to the center of ball, by using a mathematical model reported by Sprigings et al. (1994). Horizontal throws of twenty-four male university baseball players were filmed using a three-dimensional DLT method. In order to verify the ball velocities obtained from the anatomical joint rotations from the instant of the stride foot contact to the ball release, the velocity of ball measured directly from video recording was compared with that calculated by the mathematical model. A good agreement was acquired between the velocity of ball measured and that calculated. The velocities obtained from the left-rotation, flexion at the upper torso joint and the horizontal flexion at the shoulder joint contributed to the ball velocity in the early phase where the increase of ball velocity was slow. The velocities obtained from the internal-rotation at the shoulder joint, extension at the elbow joint, palmar-flexion at the wrist joint, and left-rotation/flexion at the upper torso joint contributed in the late phase where the increase of ball velocity was rapid. At the ball release, the contribution of each joint, which is the ratio of the positive ball velocity obtained from the anatomical joint rotations to the summation of individual positive ball velocities was as follows; 34.1% by the internal-rotation at the shoulder, 17.7% by the palmar-flexion at the wrist, 15.2% by the extension at the elbow, and 9.6% by the left-rotation at the upper torso joint.

著者

伊藤 信之 村木 征人 宮下 憲 阿江 通良 森田 正利 ムラキ ユキト ミヤシタ ケン アエ ミチヨシ

出版者

日本体育協会

雑誌

日本体育協会スポーツ医・科学研究報告書

巻号頁・発行日

pp.9-19, 1989

---

平成元年度日本体育協会スポーツ医・科学研究報告No.VII「スプリントアシスティッド・トレーニングに関する研究」(第2報)より

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.423-438, 2008-12-10 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

---

The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.1 Angles of elbow extension, forearm supination of the top arm, and ulnar flexion of both hands were much changed. However, the angles of both shoulder joints, bottom elbow and bottom forearm showed little change.2. The High group showed significantly larger shoulder adduction and horizontal adduction of a bottom arm than the Low group in 0–10% time and 50–70% time (p<0.05). The High group showed significantly smaller top elbow extension than the Low group in 40–70% time and 90–100% time (p<0.05).3. The High group showed significantly smaller top hand supination than the Low group in 100% time. In the time, the High group showed significantly larger bottom forearm pronation than the Low group in 50–70% time (p<0.05). The High group showed significantly larger dorsiflexion of the bottom hand than the Low group in 20–30% time (p<0.05).

著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 Hirayama Daisaku Fujii Norihisa Ae Michiyoshi

出版者

筑波大学体育科学系

雑誌

体育科学系紀要 (ISSN:03867129)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.189-192, 2009-03