著者

峯村 惇 高橋 智也 松田 浩一

雑誌

第69回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.1, pp.459-460, 2007-03-06

著者

高橋 知花

出版者

東北社会学研究会

雑誌

社会学研究 (ISSN:05597099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, pp.87-108, 2021-02-15 (Released:2022-03-10)

参考文献数

23

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本稿の目的は、森林の過少利用を改善するための取り組みが、どのような諸条件の下で実践されうるのかを考察することである。過少利用問題の改善策としては、これまで生業や経済的な観点が重視されてきたが、本稿では「コモンズ」の観点から、新たな改善策を検討し、森林の過少利用問題が改善されうる諸条件を明らかにする。事例として取り上げるのは、秋田県能代市二ツ井町梅内地区で活動する任意団体「二ツ井宝の森林(やま)プロジェクト」である。 考察の結果、本事例においては、①まず、共有林や私有林において、入会慣行や総有に基づいた独自の森林整備が展開されており、②そこでは、必ずしも経済的に生活を成り立たせるわけではない活動にマイナーサブシステンスとしての意義が見出されていること、③また、地区における先人たちの功績としての植林の歴史が想起されることが、活動をまとめる契機となっており、そのことが森林の過少利用問題が改善されうる条件になっていることが明らかになった。

著者

高橋 徹

出版者

東北社会学研究会

雑誌

社会学研究 (ISSN:05597099)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, pp.81-108, 2014-04-30 (Released:2022-03-05)

参考文献数

28

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東日本大震災は、日本社会に深甚かつ複雑な課題を残した。その課題の克服には、官民を問わぬ多元的なアクターの連携が必要である。ガバナンス論の分野は、このようなアクターの多元的な連携について示唆的な研究を蓄積している。本稿の課題は、ガバナンス論が示唆するガバナンスの多様な可能性に学びつつ、現代社会が持ちうるガバナンスの可能性を最大限に発揮するための可能性の条件を社会理論、とりわけ機能分化論の見地から考察することである。 機能分化論は、国家・市場・市民社会のいずれの領域にも傾斜せず、社会が直面する問題の設定とその解決のための方途をつねに比較検討することを促す。ガバナビリティとは、両者をたえず適切に組み合わせてゆくことである。このような意味でのガバナビリティを最大限に発揮するためには、問題とその解決に向けた取り組みに対する柔軟な比較検討の視点、そして社会が内蔵するリソースを問題解決に機動的にあてるための多元的な流動性が必要なのである。

著者

高橋 勅徳

出版者

経営哲学学会

雑誌

経営哲学 (ISSN:18843476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.124-134, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-06-08)

参考文献数

20

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本論文の目的は、民間企業が地域経営に果たす役割について、ソーシャル・イノベーションのプロセスにおける第2のダイナミズムという新たな理論的視座から、分析していくことにある。このために本論文では、Mulgan(2006)、谷本(2006)らによって提唱された、ソーシャルイノベーション研究におけるプロセスモデルを企業家精神のもたらすダイナミズムの観点から再検討を行い、地域活性化における民間企業の役割を捉える理論的視座を提示する。その上で、沖縄県島尻郡座間味村におけるダイビングを中心としたエコツーリズム事業の形成事例の分析を通じて、地域活性化に求められる民間企業の新たな役割と求められる行為を考察していく。

著者

高橋 和宏

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.60-64, 2017-12-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

著者

高橋 杉雄

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.3, pp.63-79, 2013-12-31 (Released:2022-04-07)

著者

高橋 和宏

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.83-101, 2012-12-31 (Released:2022-04-07)

著者

高橋 秀幸

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.14-27, 2011-12-31 (Released:2022-04-14)

著者

高橋 杉雄

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.25-46, 2009-06-30 (Released:2022-04-14)

著者

高橋 杉雄

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.109-113, 2008-12-31 (Released:2022-04-20)

著者

高橋 杉雄

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.107-112, 2006-09-30 (Released:2022-04-20)

著者

高橋 杉雄

出版者

国際安全保障学会

雑誌

国際安全保障 (ISSN:13467573)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.1-18, 2002-03-31 (Released:2022-04-28)

著者

高橋 力也

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.204, pp.204_66-204_82, 2021-03-31 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

67

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This article aims to examine the process by which the project of codifying international law was initiated in the League of Nations in the 1920s, particularly focusing on the contribution made by an American international lawyer, Manley O. Hudson.The codification efforts for international law under the aegis of the League of Nations, including the Hague Codification Conference in 1930, are considered to be crucial in the history of international law. During this period, not only did the number of multilateral treaties increase dramatically, but also non-Western states began to participate in treaty negotiations through the forum of the League, and the international law-making process, which had previously been dominated by the Western powers, was transformed into a more universal one.Nevertheless, the development of international law was not necessarily promised by the establishment of the League Covenant. In the first place, the drafters of the Covenant had little interest in the enhancement of international law in general. This is evidenced by the fact that the Covenant contained only one sentence in the preamble that referred to international law. What is more, at the first Assembly of the League in 1920, a resolution proposing to embark on the project of codification was rejected.How did the League then change its course and decided to undertake the project for assembling the Hague Conference? The League’s efforts for codification were in fact not solely made for the purpose of development of international law. With the United States showing a keen interest in hosting a codification conference at that time, some League officials were concerned that the role as the bearer of the global legal order would shift from Geneva to Washington. Hudson, who was a temporary member of the Secretariat of the League, strongly shared this concern; he submitted a memorandum to the Secretary-General, Sir Eric Drummond, suggesting the League demonstrate its initiative in codification in order to preserve the League’s presence in the making of global law. With the approval of Drummond, Hudson co-drafted a resolution on the project of codification of international law which was adopted at the Fifth Session of the League’s Assembly in 1924.Hudson’s proposal became the catalyst for the League to quickly take up the initiative on the codification of international law; it paved the way for the holding of the first codification conference in The Hague. For the League, the codification was one of the means for maintaining its leadership of world order building in relation to the United States.

著者

高橋 慶吉

出版者

一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会

雑誌

国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2021, no.202, pp.202_15-202_30, 2021-03-29 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

60

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In the field of American diplomatic history, the 1930s is depicted as an era of isolationism. It is true that the United States did not actively engage in the international efforts to maintain both the Versailles system in Europe and the Washington system in the Asia-Pacific region. However, American diplomacy in the 1930s was neither dormant nor unproductive. It successfully fulfilled some important achievements in the Western Hemisphere by vigorously developing the so-called Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin American countries.The architect of the Good Neighbor Policy was Sumner Welles, the Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American affairs from 1933 to 1937 and Under Secretary of State from 1937 to 1943. Welles is also known for the central role he played in formulating the postwar plans of the State Department during the Second World War.By using Welles’ private papers that previous studies rarely consult, this paper examines the kind of international order Welles sought to realize in the Western Hemisphere. Before Welles joined the Roosevelt administration in 1933, the United States had made military interventions in Latin American countries repeatedly and imposed high tariffs on their commodities. Welles observed that the military interventions settled political confusion in Latin American countries only temporarily and the high tariffs prevented them from achieving economic prosperity, which Welles regarded as the fundamental factor for a sustainable stability of the society. In addition, Welles thought that the military interventions and the high tariffs induced Latin American enmity toward the United States, making it difficult for Washington to make the Western Hemisphere the solid foundation supporting American leadership in the world.Based on those observations, this paper argues, Welles tried to modify the American tariff policy and establish an inter-American conference system to manage internal and external threats to the American republics. In other words, Welles sought to create a new hemispheric order characterized by two principles: promotion of trade and joint action to keep peace in the region. Welles’ endeavors were successful and enabled the Western Hemisphere to have, in Welles’ words, “the most advanced, and at the same time the most practical, form of regional system” in the world. This paper concludes that the hemispheric system not only supported the American war efforts during the Second World War but also impacted the postwar visions created by Welles and his group as a model that other regions should follow.

著者

高橋 浩

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.268, pp.211-220, 2013 (Released:2021-07-12)

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At the beginning of the Meiji era, Japan imitated the science teaching systems and curricula of Western countries. Individual subjects, such as physics and chemistry, were taught in elementary schools. After that, a new comprehensive science subject termed "Rika", was introduced in the middle Meiji era. So far, a relatively large number of papers on this change from the individual science subjects to "Rika" have been published. However, many of them have dealt mainly with the educational system or science textbooks; the actual state of science education in classrooms at that time has not been revealed. In this article, I have tried to clarify the actual science education that took place in the middle Meiji era Japan by investigating the two following historical records. The first record is examination problems that were actually used to test the students in Maebashi Higher Elementary School during 1888-1897. The second record is Jun'ichi Udagawa's reports on his lectures in Gunma Normal School. Jun'ichi Udagawa was one of the leaders in physics education in Meiji era Japan. The analysis of examination problems revealed that many of the problems were faithful to related laws and regulations and that Maebashi Higher Elementary School coped sequentially with the changes in the science curriculum by school year progress. A comparison between Udagawa's reports and textbooks edited or written by him during these times indicated that Udagawa actually used the teaching methods that were introduced in his textbooks, and that he wrote or edited some of his textbooks, based on his own experience of giving lectures in Gunma Normal School.

著者

三浦 伸夫 鈴木 孝典 高橋 憲一 斎藤 憲

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.245, pp.36-47, 2008 (Released:2021-08-05)

著者

兵藤 友博 蔵原 清人 高橋 智子 江沢 洋 木本 忠昭

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.241, pp.35-55, 2007 (Released:2021-08-11)

著者

高橋 哲郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.234, pp.106-110, 2005 (Released:2021-08-12)

著者

高橋 幸紀 杉山 滋郎

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.231, pp.138-149, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

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This paper deals with a string of gravity measurements conducted by TANAKADATE Aikitu(1856-1952), one of the first graduates from the College of Science, University of Tokyo. These measurements were conducted with no substantial help from the Western scholars in the 1880s, when approximately only a decade had elapsed since the beginning of full introduction of Western sciences into Japan, and only a couple of years had passed since Tanakadate's graduation from the college. The aim of the measurements, the hypothesis considered prior to each measurement, and the manner of dealing with the data acquired are clarified to the maximum possible extent by careful examination of the existing documents. Some common features are found in their studies when compared with those conducted by the Western researchers at the same period. Tanakadate and other Japanese scientists, who worked with him, aimed at confirming their hypothesis that the gravity anomaly around the Japan islands should be positive. The gravity anomaly at Bonin island, in particular, was known to be the largest in the world and a geodesic or geophysical explanation for this was expected. When Tanakadate became aware of the anomaly, he considered that it could be caused by 'some failure in measurements', which led him to attempt a second measurement of the gravity at the same point. On the other hand, scholars in Europe had already acknowledged that gravity anomalies on isolated islands were generally larger than those observed on the continents and along the coasts, and no longer raised any doubt regarding the reliability of the data provided on isolated islands. They subsequently tried to determine the geophysical cause of the large anomalies and attempted to invent a suitable method for reducing the data, while Tanakadate and other Japanese researchers never applied the necessary reduction techniques to the data they had obtained.

著者

高橋 浩 赤羽 明 所澤 潤 玉置 豊美 森下 貴司 滝沢 俊治

出版者

日本科学史学会

雑誌

科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.230, pp.74-82, 2004 (Released:2021-08-12)

被引用文献数

1

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In Japan, education in modern Western science started with the Meiji era (1868-1912). Midway through the Meiji era, a change occurred in the science curriculum in Japan. During the early Meiji years, individual subjects, such as physics and chemistry, had been taught in elementary schools. However, a new and comprehensive subject, termed "rika " in Japanese, was then instituted. So far, evaluations of this change have been carried out from mainly a national perspective, based on analyses of educational statutes enacted by the Japanese government and the contents of the widely used textbooks of those days. For a deeper understanding of the significance of the change, however, it is essential to examine it at the level of prefecture, or district, and individual elementary school, as well. We report on the process of this change in science education in Gunma Prefecture. We draw on sources from the archives of Gunma Prefecture and also examine the teaching materials (tests and text books) actually used at the elementary schools of Gunma Prefecture in those days in order to paint a detailed picture of the change. The change in science education in Gunma Prefecture was accomplished considerably later than its official announcement in national statutes. The Normal School of Gunma Prefecture had an overwhelming influence on education in Gunma Prefecture in the Meiji era. Thus, we also discuss the Normal School's views on science education, based on Meiji - era archives kept in the Gunma Prefectural Archives and at Gunma University. These archives suggest that the Normal School regarded the subject physics as playing an important role in the acceptance of Western scientific thought, and that the school was critical of the new comprehensive science subject, "rika ".