著者

Shinya TAKAMAEDA-YAMAZAKI Hiroshi NAKATSUKA Yuichiro TANAKA Kenji KISE

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E98-D, no.12, pp.2150-2158, 2015-12-01

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Soft processors are widely used in FPGA-based embedded computing systems. For such purposes, efficiency in resource utilization is as important as high performance. This paper proposes Ultrasmall, a new soft processor architecture for FPGAs. Ultrasmall supports a subset of the MIPS-I instruction set architecture and employs an area efficient microarchitecture to reduce the use of FPGA resources. While supporting the original 32-bit ISA, Ultrasmall uses a 2-bit serial ALU for all of its operations. This approach significantly reduces the resource utilization instead of increasing the performance overheads. In addition to these device-independent optimizations, we applied several device-dependent optimizations for Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGAs using 4-input lookup tables (LUTs). Optimizations using specific primitives aggressively reduce the number of occupied slices. Our evaluation result shows that Ultrasmall occupies only 84% of the previous small soft processor. In addition to the utilized resource reduction, Ultrasmall achieves 2.9 times higher performance than the previous approach.

著者

Antonia Sambola Maria Mutuberría Bruno García del Blanco Albert Alonso José A. Barrabés Fernando Alfonso Héctor Bueno Angel Cequier Javier Zueco Oriol Rodríguez-Leor Eduard Bosch Pilar Tornos David García-Dorado

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0923, (Released:2015-12-25)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2 17

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Background:The effects of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and triple therapy (TT: DAPT plus oral anticoagulation) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) regarding to CHA2DS2-VASc score remain undefined.We compare the effect of TT vs. DAPT in this setting regarding the CHA2DS2-VASc score.Methods and Results:In a prospective multicenter registry, 585 patients (75.2% male, 73.2±8.2 years) with AF undergoing PCI were followed up during 1 year. Of them, 157 (26.8%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc=1, and 428 (73.2%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. TT was prescribed in 51.6% with CHA2DS2-VASc=1 and in 55.5% with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc=1 receiving TT had a similar thromboembolism rate to those on DAPT (1.2% vs. 1.3%, P=0.73), but more total (19.5% vs. 6.9%, P=0.01) and a tendency to more major (4.9% vs. 0%, P=0.06) bleeding. However, patients with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 receiving TT had a lower thromboembolism rate (1.7% vs. 5.3%, P=0.03) and a trend towards more bleeds (21.8% vs. 15.6%, P=0.06), with an excess of major bleeding (8.4% vs. 3.1%, P=0.01). Rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in both CHA2DS2-VASc subgroups were similar, irrespective of treatment. In a Cox multivariate analysis, TT was associated to major bleeding, but not with MACE.Conclusions:In patients with AF and CHA2DS2-VASc=1 undergoing PCI, the use of TT involves a high risk of bleeding without a significant benefit in preventing thromboembolism.

著者

Akiko Ito Daisuke Sakamoto Akihiro Itai Takaaki Nishijima Naomi Oyama-Okubo Yuri Nakamura Takaya Moriguchi Ikuko Nakajima

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-107, (Released:2015-12-17)

被引用文献数

10

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In order to promote increases in the size of ‘Kosui’ Japanese pear [Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai] fruit by plant growth regulators, we applied gibberellin (GA)3+4 paste [2.7% (w/w), A3:A4 = 90:10] in combination with prohexadione-calcium [1%, PCa; BAS-125 (3-oxido-4-propionyl-5-oxo-3-cyclohexene-carboxylate)], an inhibitor of GA 2β-hydroxylation that catabolizes active GA into an inactive form, to fruit pedicels at approximately 30 days after full bloom. GA3+4+PCa treatment advanced fruit growth only in the early stages, but fruit weight did not show any significant differences between the untreated control and GA3+4+PCa-treated fruits at harvest. In contrast, when GA4+7 [2.7% (w/w), A4:A7 = 66:34] was applied, the fruit weight at harvest was greater than that of untreated fruit. Moreover, GA4+7 treatment in combination with PCa resulted in an even higher fruit weight at harvest. The GA4 concentration in fruit flesh was not affected by GA3+4 application at 1 week after the treatment (WAT) either with or without PCa, but GA4 levels increased with GA4+7+PCa treatment, resulting in a significant increase in fruit weight at harvest. A single GA4+7 application almost doubled the GA4 concentration compared with the untreated control, but the difference was not significant. These results indicate that fruit weight at harvest was greater when the GA4 concentration was higher in the fruit flesh at 1 WAT. The higher concentration of GA4 in the GA4+7+PCa-treated fruit compared with the GA4+7 treatment alone may be attributed to the function of PCa that acts to prevent the inactivation of GA4 to GA34 by inhibiting 2β-hydroxylation.

著者

Bahar Ahmed Adnan Jathlan Al-Rehaily Tawfeq Abdullah Al-Howiriny Khaled Abdelatee El-Sayed Mohammad Shamim Ahmad

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.462-467, 2003 (Released:2003-04-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

21 48

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Five iridoid glycosides, including the two new compounds scropolioside-D2 (1) and harpagoside-B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Scrophularia deserti DEL (Scrophulariaceae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 6-O-[2″,4″-di-O-acetyl-3″-O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-8α-hydroxymethyl-1α,5β,6α,7α,9β-pentahydro-7(8)-epoxy-2-oxaind-3-ene-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-6′-O-acetate (1) and 5-O-β-hydroxy-8-O-β-trans-cinnamoyl-8α-methyl-1,6,7,9-tetrahydro-2-oxaind-3-ene-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), respectively. In addition, three more iridoid glycosides, scropolioside-D (3), koelzioside (4), and 8-O-acetyl-harpagide (5), were also isolated and characterized from this source. The biological activity and the structure activity relationship of the compounds were also studied, and scropolioside-D (3) and harpagoside-B (2) were found to possess significant antidiabetic and antiinflammatory activity, respectively.

著者

Yi-Fu Tuan

出版者

The University of Wisconsin Press

巻号頁・発行日

2013

著者

Seong Soo Joo Yeong Min Yoo Byung Woo Ahn Sang Yun Nam Yun-Bae Kim Kwang Woo Hwang Do Ik Lee

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.1392-1396, 2008-07-01 (Released:2008-07-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

26 77

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Considering the importance of inflammation and apoptosis in neurodegenerative conditions, the potential suppressive effects of the Rg3, a by-product obtained during the steaming of red ginseng, may indicate that Rg3 could provide a beneficial therapeutic approach to treating or preventing neurodegenerative disease. We investigated the effect of Rg3 on Aβ42-mediated microglial activation and inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity in murine BV-2 microglial and Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells, respectively. Rg3 effectively reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in Aβ42-treated BV-2, and inhibited the binding of NF-κB p65 to its DNA consensus sequences, and significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α in activated microglia. Pretreatment with Rg3 increased the survival rate of Neuro-2a exposed to TNF-α. These observations suggest that Rg3 reduced neurotoxicity by inhibiting chronic inflammation through the suppression of activated microglia. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV-2 stimulated by Aβ42 was decreased but not eliminated by Rg3 when binding to the macrophage scavenger receptor type A (MSRA) was blocked with fucoidan. This implies that the inflammatory response may not be exclusively triggered via MSRA. More interestingly, iNOS was almost completely inhibited in the presence of Rg3 when MSRA binding was blocked with fucoidan. Moreover, Rg3 increased the expression of MSRA in BV-2 transfected with siRNA targeting MSRA mRNA, and this increased MSRA expression may play a role in the phagocytosis of Aβ42 peptides. Our results indicate that inhibition of the inflammatory repertoire of microglia, neuroprotection, and increased MSRA expression induced by Rg3 may at least partly explain its therapeutic effects in chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

著者

Takeshi Yamauchi Yasuhiko Sakata Masanobu Miura Soichiro Tadaki Ryoichi Ushigome Kenjiro Sato Takeo Onose Kanako Tsuji Ruri Abe Takuya Oikawa Shintaro Kasahara Kotaro Nochioka Jun Takahashi Satoshi Miyata Hiroaki Shimokawa on behalf of the CHART-2 Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0783, (Released:2015-12-07)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

6 25

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Background:The prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is not fully elucidated.Methods and Results:We examined 4,818 consecutive stage C/D chronic heart failure (CHF) patients in the Chronic Heart Failure Analysis and Registry in the Tohoku District-2 (CHART-2) Study (n=10,219). At enrollment, 1,859 (38.6%) of them had AF. Compared with the 2,953 patients without AF, AF patients were characterized by higher age (71 vs. 68 years), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (58.9 vs. 61.9 ml/min/1.73 m2), higher brain natriuretic peptide (152 vs. 74.5 pg/ml), similar left ventricular ejection fraction (56.8 vs. 56.5%), and a similar prescription rate of β-blockers (48.1 vs. 50.6%) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (72.9 vs. 71.6%). Among the patients without AF at enrollment, 106 (3.6%) developed new AF during the median 3.2-year follow-up, which was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72; P=0.013). In contrast, neither paroxysmal nor chronic AF at enrollment was associated with increased mortality. The mortality rate was significantly high in the first year after the onset of new AF. On inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis using propensity score, RAS inhibitors and statins were associated with reduced incidence of new AF, and diuretics were associated with increase of new AF.Conclusions:Onset of new AF, but not a history of AF, is associated with increased mortality in CHF patients, especially in the first year.

著者

Eiichi Yoshimura Susumu S. Sawada I-Min Lee Yuko Gando Masamitsu Kamada Munehiro Matsushita Ryoko Kawakami Ryosuke Ando Takashi Okamoto Koji Tsukamoto Motohiko Miyachi Steven N. Blair

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20150049, (Released:2015-11-28)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 29

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Background: In Japan, the incidence of kidney stones has increased markedly in recent decades. Major causes of kidney stones remain unclear, and limited data are available on the relationship between overweight/obesity and the incidence of kidney stones. We therefore evaluated body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of kidney stones in Japanese men.Methods: Of the workers at a gas company, 5984 males aged 20–40 years underwent a medical examination in 1985 (baseline). This study includes 4074 of the men, who were free of kidney stones at baseline and underwent a second medical examination performed between April 2004 and March 2005. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight in 1985, and men were categorized into tertiles. The development of kidney stones during follow-up was based on self-reports from questionnaires at the second medical examination.Results: The average duration of follow-up was 19 years, with 258 participants developing kidney stones during this period. Using the lowest BMI (1st tertile) group as a reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for the 2nd and 3rd BMI tertiles were: 1.26 (95% CI, 0.92–1.73) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.06–1.96), respectively (P for trend = 0.019). After additionally adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, systolic blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, the hazard ratios were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.93–1.76) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.02–1.97), respectively (P for trend = 0.041).Conclusions: These results suggest that increased BMI is a risk factor for kidney stones in Japanese men.

著者

Daisuke KATO Yoichi ISHIMOTO Jun-ichi MATSUSHITA

出版者

Society of Advanced Science

雑誌

Journal of Advanced Science (ISSN:09155651)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1-2, pp.19-20, 2001-07-15 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

4

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In this study, the ammonia gas adsorptivity was evaluated by carbide of coffee beans residue. Ammonia gas was used as a test gas. When organic compounds included some nitrogen atoms are rotted, ammonia gas breaks out. It has irritating smell. And, it shows corrosion effect for metal plating, copper and aluminum. 10 to 1000ppm ammonia gas concentrations were prepared in globe bags with the carbide samples. After 15min, 1h and 24h gas concentration in each glove bags were measured by gas detector tubes. The carbide samples of the coffee bean residue showed excellent ammonia gas adsorptivity.

著者

Lai On-Kwok

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

関西学院大学人権研究 (ISSN:1344039X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.1-11, 2008-03

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現在及び将来の人権運動にとって、動物の権利擁護運動からなにか学ぶべきものはあるのだろうか。これが本論文の中心的な問いである。本論文は、非政府組織(NGOs)が、ローカルレベルとグローバルレベルで行っている動物の権利擁護(アドボカシー)に手がかりを求め、国際的(トランスナショナル)な権利擁護の広報活動戦略に注目する。そこで、非政府組織は、持続可能な発展のためのローカル(グローカル)でかつグローバルな規範と行動をつくり直そうとしている。そして、動物の権利擁護運動の論理、戦略、メッセージ、イデオロギー的な意味と人権のそれとの比較を試みる。次にグローバリゼーションの状況の概略を議論した後、第二部では、動物の権利をめぐる動向を検討する。ひとつは、動物の権利のエコロジカルな近代化(の異なった形式と倫理)をもとめる要求を定義し、形成し、表明する際に、NGOや社会活動家が果たしている役割であり、もうひとつは、情報通信技術(ICT)の先進的な提供と利用によって拡大する彼らの要求がもつ影響力である。最後に新たなる近代性への途上で、人権促進運動が、これから10年の間に動物の人権擁護運動から学ぶべきことは何か、を考えてみたい。

著者

Klaus-Peter Heinrich

出版者

P. Lang

巻号頁・発行日

1992

著者

金谷 重彦 平井 晶 高橋 弘喜 Altaf-Ul-Amin Md. 中村 建介

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. SIS, スマートインフォメディアシステム (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.322, pp.71-76, 2010-11-25

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ゲノムプロジェクトの進展に伴って、現在までに、数百種のバクテリアゲノム、数十種の植物および動物のゲノムが解読された。植物における二次代謝産物は約20万種以上と推定され、5万種については構造決定されていると報告されている中で、ゲノムサイエンスの一環として、代謝産物と生物種の関係を体系化することを目的に、文献情報をもとに生物種とその生物において発見された代謝物の関係をデータベース化することを2004年より開始した。本論文では、このようにして開発された代謝物データベースKNApSAcK DBの現状を紹介する。さらに、生物資源の多面的な利用の目的からの代謝物検索を容易にするためのウェブサービスとしてKNApSAcKファミリーの研究開発を進めている(http://kanaya.naist.jp/KNApSAcK_Family/)。現在までにLunch Box(目的:食履歴)、KAMPO(漢方生薬)、KNApSAcK from around the world(世界の薬用植物)などのデータベース構築が完了した。これらのデータベースの現状についても紹介する。

著者

Jing-Dong Guo Takahiro Sasamori Yutaro Yamamoto Hiroshi Matsubara Shigeru Nagase Hideki Yorimitsu

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20150343, (Released:2015-11-16)

被引用文献数

4

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The previously reported palladium-catalyzed silylation of aryl chlorides with silylsilatranes were theoretically reinvestigated by DFT calculations with a focus on the effect of the transannular Si–N coordination on silyl transfer. The Si–N coordination proved to be not so influential as to accelerate the silyl transfer. However, it should be of benefit to use silylsilatranes as silylating agents because of their easy handling and facile preparation.

著者

Jeong Hoon Yang Bum Sung Kim Woo Jin Jang Joonghyun Ahn Taek Kyu Park Young Bin Song Joo-Yong Hahn Jin-Ho Choi Sang Hoon Lee Hyeon-Cheol Gwon Seung-Hyuk Choi

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-15-0673, (Released:2015-11-19)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

32

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Background:Limited data are available on the long-term clinical outcomes of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients who receive optimal medical therapy (OMT) compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and Results:Between March 2003 and February 2012, 2,024 patients with CTO were enrolled in a single-center registry. Among this patient group, we excluded CTO patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and classified patients into the OMT group (n=664) or PCI group (n=883) according to initial treatment strategy. Propensity-score matching was also performed. The primary outcome was cardiac death. The median follow-up duration was 45.8 (interquartile range: 22.8–71.1) months. In the PCI group, 699 patients (79.2%) underwent successful revascularization. In the propensity-score matched population (533 pairs), there was no significant difference in the rate of cardiac death between the OMT and PCI groups (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–2.72, P=0.11). In the subgroup analysis, there were no significant interactions between the PCI strategy and cardiac death among several subgroups except that regarding collateral flow grades 0–2 vs. those with grade 3 (P=0.01).Conclusions:As an initial treatment strategy, PCI did not reduce cardiac death compared with OMT for the treatment of CTO in the drug-eluting stent era.

著者

Wirfs-Brock Allen

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経エレクトロニクス (ISSN:03851680)

巻号頁・発行日

no.370, pp.p233-245, 1985-06

著者

Jian-Guo Wang Masanori Aikawa

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.11, pp.2332-2334, 2015-10-23 (Released:2015-10-23)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 15

著者

オ-トメ-ション編集部

出版者

日刊工業出版プロダクション

雑誌

オートメーション (ISSN:04735587)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.14, pp.p1-7, 1979-12

著者

KIM Hyangkyoung KIM Jung-Ha IM Jee-Aee

出版者

財団法人 学会誌刊行センター

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.348-356, 2014

被引用文献数

1

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To investigate the effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) supplementation and the mechanism action of AHCC in patients with alcohol-induced mildly elevated liver enzyme levels, participants were randomly allocated to the placebo, 1 g AHCC, or 3 g AHCC group and took the supplement for 12 wk. Subjects visited the hospital for clinical and biochemical measurements, for examination of adverse events, to return unused supplements, and to obtain their next supplements. Biochemical tests including liver enzymes, a questionnaire survey, and anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline and every 4 wk thereafter. Adherence and adverse events were evaluated. After 12 wk of supplementation, the percentage change in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was significantly different between the placebo (4.02±59.07%) and both AHCC groups (1 g AHCC: 223.89±20.59%, 3 g AHCC: 224.09±30.73%) (<i>p</i>=0.04). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (<i>p</i><0.05) and interleukin-1β (<i>p</i><0.01) were significantly lower, while those of adiponectin were higher in both AHCC groups than in the placebo group (<i>p</i><0.01). AHCC supplementation for 12 wk may improve the levels of liver enzymes and circulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with alcohol-induced liver enzyme elevation with mildly elevated liver enzyme levels.

著者

Yasuharu Tokuda Tomoya Okubo Haruo Yanai Nobutaka Doba Michael K. Paasche-Orlow

出版者

日本疫学会

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.319-328, 2010-07-05 (Released:2010-07-05)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

11 10

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Background: Health literacy affects the acquisition of health knowledge and is thus linked to health outcomes. However, few scales have been developed to assess the level of health knowledge among the general public.Methods: The 15-item Japanese Health Knowledge Test (J-HKT) was developed by using item response theory to score an item pool. We examined the construct validity of the J-HKT in relation to health literacy items, and analyzed the sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with poor health knowledge.Results: We enrolled 1040 adult participants (mean age, 57 years; women, 52%). The 15 items that best identified people with poor health knowledge were selected. For all items on the J-HKT, the information function curves had a peak in the negative spectrum of the latent trait. As compared with participants reporting high levels of income, educational attainment, and literacy, those with low levels of income, education, and literacy had a lower total score on the J-HKT. As compared with non/light drinkers, moderate and heavy drinkers had lower total scores on the J-HKT.Conclusions: The J-HKT may prove useful in measuring health knowledge among the general public, and in identifying and characterizing those with poor health knowledge.

著者

Neguin Yavari Lawrence G. Potter Jean-Marc Ran Oppenheim--editors

出版者

Columbia University Press for the Middle East Institute, Columbia University

巻号頁・発行日

2004