著者
Meerman Arthur D. TAMAOKA Katsuo
出版者
日本教科教育学会
雑誌
International journal of curriculum development and practice (ISSN:13444808)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.1-12, 2008-03

Whereas the order of adjectives is completely free in Japanese, this is not the case with English. Japanese EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students at the university level experience great difficulty in identifying and producing noun phrases with correct adjective order in English. This study examined the effect that a brief period of intensive instruction on the rules of adjective ordering would have in improving student ability to correctly produce descriptive phrases. An adjective ordering task for noun phrases was administered both before and after the lesson to determine the extent that 81 Japanese students could correctly arrange three adjectives. The difference in average pre- and post-test scores showed dramatic improvement which was directly attributed to brief intensive instruction, underscoring its practical value in current pedagogical applications. However, neither previous awareness of, nor formal learning experience in English adjective ordering had an effect on improvement in EFL student ability to order adjectives.
著者
Del Raye D. A.
出版者
花園大学
雑誌
花園大学文学部研究紀要 (ISSN:1342467X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, pp.1-9, 2013-03
著者
Fernandez Roselyn D. Yoshimizu Mamoru Ezura Yoshio Kimura Takahisa
出版者
日本魚病学会
雑誌
魚病研究 (ISSN:0388788X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.27-34, 1993-03

Growth responses to three different media, temperatures, and sodium chloride concentrations in the media were determined for 13 salmonid and 14 non-salmonid fish cell lines. Most cell lines showed better growth in Eagle's MEM than in Medium 199 or in Leivobitz L-15 medium. Nine salmonid cell lines grew well in the normal sodium bicarbonate buffer in Eagle's MEM, while 11 non-salmonid cell lines grew better in Eagle's MEM buffered with either HEPES-bicarbonate or Tris-bicarbonate. Optimum temperature for growth ranged from 15 to 20℃ for almost all salmonid cells and 20 to 30℃ for non-salmonid cells. Most of the cell lines showed highest growth in commercial medium preparations with the lowest concentrration of sodium chloride (0.116M) examined. However, three of the six cell lines derived from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and cell lines from eels, Anguilla japonica, showed optimum growth response at a higher sodium chloride concentration of 0.171M in the medium.
著者
喜田 宏 YAMNIKOVA Sv 河岡 義裕 高田 礼人 岡崎 克則 SVETRANA Yam デメネフ V. ヤムニコバ S. ルボフ D.K. 伊藤 壽啓
出版者
北海道大学
雑誌
国際学術研究
巻号頁・発行日
1995

平成7〜9年夏、カムチャッカ半島南端付近、ハバロフスク郊外のアムール河流域ならびにサハ自治共和国内のレナ河流域において水禽の糞便および湖沼水3,000検体を採取した。8年にはレナ河流域北緯63度30分のコベイスキー地区で採取した約900検体の水禽糞便からインフルエンザウイルスH4N6亜型19株、H4N9亜型1株、H11N1亜型1株、H11N6亜型2株、H11N9亜型8株を分離した。9年にはコベイスキー地区で採取した水禽糞便120検体およびヤク-ツク(北緯62度)で採取した鴨の糞便72検体からは各々H4N6亜型1株およびH3N8亜型5株が分離された。一方、レナ河流域北緯65度00分〜64度36分の四十諸鳥地域で採取した水禽糞便約1,400検体と湖沼水20検体からはウイルスが分離されなかった。カムチャッカ半島ならびにアムール河流域で採取した水禽糞便からインフルエンザウイルスは分離されなかった。以上の成績は、鴨の営巣湖沼がレナ河流域北緯63度付近に存在することを示唆する。平成8年と9年の10月に北海道宗谷地方において採取した480検体の水禽糞便材料からインフルエンザウイルスH1N1亜型、H5N3亜型、H5N4亜型、H6N1亜型、H6N7亜型、H8N1亜型、H8N3亜型、H9N2亜型ならびにH11N9亜型各1株を分離した。平成8年度および9年度にレナ河流域および北海道の水禽糞便から分離したインフルエンザウイルスのNP遺伝子の系統進化解析を実施した。その結果、調べた分離株すべてが新型インフルエンザウイルスの発生地である中国南部を含むアジア大陸に分布するウイルスの系統に属することが判明した。以上の成績は、新型インフルエンザウイルスの抗原亜型を予測するために、シベリアの水禽営巣地におけるインフルエンザウイルスの分布をさらに解明する必要があることを示している。
著者
Hurley D. H. Wright O. B. Matsuda O. Shinde S. L.
出版者
American Institute of Physics
雑誌
Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN:00218979)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.2, pp.023521, 2010-01-15
被引用文献数
23

We use ultrashort optical pulses to microscopically image carrier and thermal diffusion in two spatial dimensions in pristine and mechanically polished surfaces of crystalline silicon. By decomposing changes in reflectivity in the latter sample into a transient component that varies with delay time and a steady-state component that varies with pump chopping frequency, the influence of thermal diffusion is isolated from that of carrier diffusion and recombination. Additionally, studies using carrier injection density as a parameter are used to clearly identify the carrier recombination pathway.
著者
YANG L. W. WRIGHT P. D. SHEN H. LU Y. BRUSENBACK P. R. KO S. K. CALDERON L. HARTZLER W. D. HAN W. Y. DUTTA M. CHANG W. H.
出版者
社団法人応用物理学会
雑誌
Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 2, Letters (ISSN:00214922)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.10, pp.L1400-L1402, 1993-10-01
被引用文献数
1

Submicron heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with maximum frequency of oscillation, f_<MAX>, of 91 GHz have been fabricated using a self-aligned technique and a very heavily carbon-doped (10^<20> cm^<-3>) base layer. Since the quenching of photoluminescence (PL) intensity in heavily-doped Cabs is mainly due to nonradiative recombination in the bulk material, while contribution from surface recombination is negligible, the use of a heavily carbon-doped base layer in AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs minimizes the influence of surface recombination in the extrinsic base region. Thus, for HBTs with a heavily doped base layer, the "emitter size effect" (degradation of HBT current gain) is greatly reduced when the emitter width is scaled down to submicron (0.6 μm) dimensions.
著者
Angelo d'Errico Patrizia Caputo Umberto Falcone Lidia Fubini Luisella Gilardi Carlo Mamo Alessandro Migliardi Denis Quarta Elena Coffano
出版者
(公社)日本産業衛生学会
雑誌
Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.115-124, 2010 (Released:2010-04-20)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
10 30

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper extremity (UE) in a sample of Italian call center (CC) operators, and the relationship between the symptoms and potential workplace risk factors. Methods: During 2005-2006, 775 workers from seven CCs in the Turin area participated in a questionnaire survey of exposure to ergonomic, organizational and psychosocial factors at work, socio-demographics, lifestyle, symptoms and diseases. Musculoskeletal symptoms were defined as self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the UE during the previous 28 days, for which a physician was consulted and/or drugs were taken. Relative risks were estimated through Poisson regression models with the Huber-White sandwich estimator of variance. Result: Overall, 45% of workers reported UE symptoms in the last four weeks. Symptoms in the neck were the most prevalent (39%), followed by the shoulder (22%), hand-wrist (10%) and elbow (4%). Among workplace risk factors, neck-shoulder symptoms were associated with low job control, elevated noise, poor desk lighting and impossibility to lean back while sitting; whereas elbow-hand/wrist symptoms were associated with short intervals between calls, insufficient working space, lack of forearm support, job insecurity and long seniority in the CC industry. Conclusions: The high prevalence of UE symptoms in this sample was similar to that reported by other studies conducted in this industry. Our results confirm previously reported associations, such as poor characteristics of the workstation and psychological stressors. The striking difference between the set of risk factors for neck-shoulder and elbow/wrist-hand symptoms indicates that the two regions should be investigated separately.
著者
Hara K. Baccehtta N. Spalding W.J. Worm S.D.
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A (ISSN:01689002)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.699, pp.84-88, 2013-01

On September 30, 2011, the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) finished physics data-taking at the Tevatron proton–antiproton collider. The original CDF silicon tracking detector, proposed in 1981 (SVX) and later replaced and updated (SVX′), was again replaced for Run-2 in 2002–2011 (SVX-II, ISL, L00). These systems operated successfully for many years, performing essential roles in exploring physics at the energy frontier, most notably the discovery of the top quark.
著者
Li Y. J. Takeuchi O. Futaba D. N. Oigawa H. Miyake K. Shigekawa H. Kuk Y.
出版者
American Physical Society
雑誌
Physical review B (ISSN:01631829)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.11, pp.113306, 2002-03
被引用文献数
3

Site-dependent adsorption structures of Xe atoms on a Si(111)-7×7 surface were studied by scanning tunneling microscopy at 8 K. Xe atoms initially adsorb as dimers on the site between a rest atom and its two neighboring center adatoms, and then near the corner adatom site. Similar structures were formed at both the faulted half (FH) and the unfaulted half (UH) of the 7×7 unit. The observed structure is in excellent agreement with that estimated by the rigid ball model, however, site-dependent bias dependence and different stabilities were observed for them, indicating the existence of different interactions between Xe and Si atoms in the 7×7 unit despite the stable electronic structure of Xe. Based on the results with thermal desorption spectroscopy, the adsorption energies are estimated to be 200 and 220 meV for FH and UH units, respectively.
著者
滝川 浩郷 森 謙治 木戸 勝 Albizati K. F. Faulkner D. J.
出版者
天然有機化合物討論会実行委員会
雑誌
天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.707-714, 1992

In 1985, limatulone (1a and 1b) was isolated from the intertidal limpet Collisella limatula, and found to inhibit fish and crab predation. It is the most potent fish feeding inhibitor and is about an order of magnitude more effective than polygodial. Although the natural limatulone was optically inactive, it was not clear whether it was a meso-compound (1a) or a racemate (1b). We therefore decided to confirm the structure by a total synthesis. The known 3, which was obtained from the starting material (2) in 4 steps, was alkylated with BrCH_2CO_2Et to give 4a. The corresponding acid 4b was employed for the lactone-ring formation to give a stereoisomeric mixture of lactones 5a and 5b. After separation, lactone 5a was converted to the coupling-partners 10 and 11 via 6, respectively. The carbanion derived from 11 was alkylated with 10 to give a complex mixture, which was desulfonylated with Na-Hg to give a mixture of 12a and 12b. This was converted to a separable mixture of 13a and 13b. Fortunately, the structure of the less polar isomer could be solved by an X-ray analysis. An aldehyde 15a, which was prepared from 13a in 3steps, was treated with ClCH_2Li to give bis-epoxide 16a. Epoxide-opening of 16a by a Grignard reagent gave 17a. Swern oxidation of 17a to 18a was followed by removal of the EE protective groups to give meso-limatulone (1a), (overall yield: 0.62% from 2 in 24 steps). Similarly, (±)-13b was converted to (±)-limatulone (1b), (overall yield: 0.39% from 2 in 24 steps). The ^1H-NMR spectrum of the reported limatulone was identical to that of (±)-limatulone (1b). To our surprise, however, another fraction from the HPLC of Collisella limatula showed the ^1H-NMR spectrum superimposable on that of meso-limatulone (1a). Accordingly, Collisella limatula produces both meso-1a and (±)-1b.
著者
Sawaki D. Kobayashi W. Moritomo Y. Terasaki I.
出版者
American Institute of Physics
雑誌
Applied physics letters (ISSN:00036951)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.98, no.8, pp.081915, 2011-02
被引用文献数
104 26

We investigate thermal rectification in a bulk material with a pyramid shape to elucidate shape dependence of the thermal rectification, and find that rectifying coefficient R is 1.35 for this shape, which is smaller than R = 1.43 for a rectangular shape. This result is fully duplicated by our numerical calculation based on Fourier’s law. We also apply this calculation to a given shape, and show a possible way to increase R depending on the shape.
著者
村上 正隆 Clark Terry L. Hall William D.
出版者
社団法人日本気象学会
雑誌
気象集誌 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1, pp.43-62, 1994-02-25
被引用文献数
7

新しい雲の微物理パラメタリゼーションを組み込んだ2次元3重ネステッド雲モデルを用いて、二つの事例について、日本海上での混合層の発達と対流性降雪雲の形成過程の数値実験を行った。一つは、集中観測期間中の1989年2月2-4日に、並の寒気吹き出しに伴って出現した雪雲である。この例は、雲の微物理構造について観測結果との詳細な比較がなされた。もう一つは、1990年1月24-26日の強い寒気吹き出しにともなって出現した雪雲である。この二例の比較を通して寒気吹き出しの強さが混合層の発達と雪雲形成に及ほす影響を調べた。モデルは、暖かい海面からの熱と水蒸気の補給(総熱フラックスは、1989年の例では439W/m^2、1990年の例では895W/m^2)と、それに続く対流輸送による混合層の発達をよく再現した。雲が形成されるまでの吹走距離、雲頂・雲底高度、混合層内での気温の増加等については、モデルと観測との良い一致が見られた。雲の力学及び微物理学的見地からは、上昇流、雲水量、雪水量などの観測値がよく再現された。また、雪雲中での霧雨(drizzle)の生成や、雲水の高濃度域と氷晶の高濃度域の一致という観測事実もよく再現された。モデルと観測結果の不一致の主なものは氷晶濃度で、モデルは観測値を約6倍過小評価した。一般的に、雲は大陸東岸から50-150km(寒気吹き出しの強さによる)風下で形成され、吹走距離とともに徐々に雲頂高度が高くなり、対流活動も活発になる。日本付近では、海岸から約30km風上側で雪雲の活動が強まり、その後、陸面からの熱と水蒸気の補給を断たれて徐々に衰弱する。これらの雲の中では、最初、主に過冷却雲粒の凍結によって氷晶が生成し、昇華凝結及び雲粒捕捉により成長する。代表的な降水粒子は、海上・海岸域ではアラレで、山岳域に進むにつれて雪へと変化する。山岳斜面上では、衰退しつつある上層の雪雲と地形による上昇流で形成された下層雲の間で顕著なSEEDER-FEEDERメカニズムが働いている。海上でも、ライフステージの異なる隣接する雪雲間で同様のメカニズムが働くが、山岳斜面上ほど顕著ではない。寒気吹き出しが強まる(低温になる)ことにより、雪雲の対流活動は活発になり混合層も厚くなる。昇華凝結核の活性化により、高濃度の氷晶が生成され、これら氷晶間での過当競争により雲粒捕捉成長が抑えられ、アラレの雪に対する比率が減少することが示された。