著者

ポール・D.ジンマーマン [Burt Goldblatt] 著 中原弓彦 永井淳訳

出版者

晶文社

巻号頁・発行日

1972

著者

Adrian Patalinghug YBAÑEZ Rochelle Haidee D. YBAÑEZ Florencia G. CLAVERIA Mary Jane CRUZ-FLORES Xuen XUENAN Naoaki YOKOYAMA Hisashi INOKUMA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0405, (Released:2014-04-09)

被引用文献数

4 23

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A total of 658 cattle in 6 provinces in the Philippines were screened for Anaplasma marginale infection by using a diagnostic heat-shock operon (groEL) gene-PCR assay. The screening-positive samples were further tested using the major surface antigen protein 1a (Msp1a) gene-PCR assay. Screening PCR results showed 130 cattle (19.8%) were positive for the A. marginale infection. Subsequent amplification using the Msp1a gene only showed 93 samples (14.1%) to be positive. In addition, 37 tandem-repeat structures, including 20 novel structures, and 41 distinct genotypes were identified. Interestingly, multiple infections of 4 different genotypes were also observed in A. marginale-infected cattle. The present study demonstrated the prevalence and characterization of diverse genotypes of A. marginale in the Philippine cattle.

著者

Croissant D.

出版者

京都大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

人文学報 (ISSN:04490274)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.p157-187, 1982-03

著者

edited by Mark D. White and Robert Arp

出版者

John Wiley & Sons

巻号頁・発行日

2008

著者

Lewis Jeffrey I. D. Cody Art C. 日本国際知的財産保護協会事務局

出版者

日本国際知的財産保護協会

雑誌

日本国際知的財産保護協会月報 (ISSN:03856909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.374-394, 2002-06

著者

sous la direction d'Etienne François

出版者

Éditions Recherche sur les civilisations

巻号頁・発行日

1986

著者

Giglio Emanuele D.

出版者

東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室

雑誌

インド哲学仏教学研究 (ISSN:09197907)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.107-121, 2013-03-31 (Released:2013-09-24)

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The True Characteristic of All Dharmas (Shohō Jissō-shō 諸法実相抄) is traditionally believed to be one of the twelve epistles sent by Nichiren (日蓮, 1222–1282) to the ex-Tendai monk Sairen-bō (最蓮房, 13th century) during their exile on Sado Island. Because the only surviving copy of this epistle is the one included in The Writings “Outside the Records” in Binded Fascicles (Rokuge-gappon 録外合本) from 1480 by Nicchō (日朝, 1422–1500), the eleventh abbot of Kuon-ji monastery (久遠寺), it is classified as one of Nichiren’s “nonautographical writings” (Shahon-ibun 写本遺文). The present study aims to introduce some relevant problems about the origin of The True Characteristic of All Dharmas, with due consideration given to the results of research realized by several scholars on the biography of Sairen-bō, and on the circumstances of the collection of Nichiren’s writings following his death. Clarifying the origin of this epistle can lead us to a deeper understanding of the relationship between Nichiren’s non-autographical writings and Medieval Tendai Thought (Chūko Tendai-gi 中古天台義). As I argue, upon his return from Sado Island, Sairen-bō brought the original text of The True Characteristic of All Dharmas, along with the other eleven epistles he received from Nichiren, to Kyoto, where he concluded his life. However, another collection of Nichiren’s writings, The Writings “Inside the Records” in Binded Fascicles (Rokunai-gappon 録内合本) compiled by Nicchō from 1479, includes four other epistles to Sairen-bō. This fact leads us to the hypothesis that the material that became the primary source of both The Writings “Inside” and “Outside the Records” in Binded Fascicles was delivered from Kyōto to Minobu respectively by the third abbot of Kuon-ji monastery, Nisshin (日進, 1271–1347), who copied epistles to Sairen-bō while in Kyoto, and by the twelfth abbot Nichi’i (日意, 1444–1519), disciple of Nicchō, during his mission in the capital between 1470 and 1479. I argue that considering that the primary sources for both The Writings “Inside” and “Outside the Records” in Binded Fascicles were still being transferred from Kyoto since the time of Nisshin, these two compilations by Nicchō were nothing more than a copy of what was already arranged earlier. Moreover, this fact makes plausible the hypothesis that the origin of The True Characteristic of All Dharmas arose before the second half of 15th century, and suggests the necessity of further verifying the movements not only of Sairen-bō but also of Nisshin and Nichi’i.

著者

Ohashi Kazuharu Leslie Alison Thomson James D.

出版者

Oxford University Press

雑誌

Behavioral ecology (ISSN:10452249)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.768-778, 2013-05

被引用文献数

9

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Animals collecting food from renewable resource patches scattered in space often establish small foraging areas to which they return faithfully. Such area fidelity offers foraging advantages through selection of profitable patches, route minimization, and regular circuit visits to these patches (“trapline foraging”). Resource distribution under field conditions may often vary in time, however, especially when competitors suddenly vanish and a number of patches become available for their neighbors. Previous studies suggested that site-faithful foragers of bumble bees quickly respond to such unexpected events by readjusting their foraging areas, although it is not clear how much their foraging performance was improved, beyond the simple relaxation of competitive pressure, or how they manifest such flexibility while persistently using certain foraging areas or paths. Here, we conducted indoor flight-cage experiments with bumble bees and found that a bee, when encountering a loss of its competitor, improved its foraging performance to a greater extent than expected from a simple relaxation of competitive pressure by increasing the size of its foraging area. Moreover, bees with better-established traplines achieved greater foraging areas after the loss of competitors, suggesting that bees do not necessarily need to “sample” neighboring patches to monitor temporal changes in environments. We discuss how periodical returns and route memory associated with accurate reward values could allow inherently conservative trapliners to make flexible adjustments, by effectively monitoring their circumstances and quickly readjusting to detected changes.

著者

édité par Nicolas Brucker [préface d'Antony Mckenna]

出版者

P. Lang

巻号頁・発行日

2010

著者

Heather D. Edginton Jeanine Peters-Kennedy Danny W. Scott

出版者

日本獣医皮膚科学会

雑誌

獣医臨床皮膚科 (ISSN:13476416)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.149-153, 2013 (Released:2013-10-31)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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ヒト,マウス,ウシ,ヒツジおよびアルパカでは,少数の常在T細胞が健常な表皮に存在する。加えてヒト,ウシおよびヒツジでは,少数の常在T細胞が真皮にも存在する。本研究の目的はリンパ球,CD3陽性細胞(Tリンパ球)ならびにPax5陽性細胞(Bリンパ球)が,健常犬の皮膚の真皮浅層および深層に存在するかを解析することであった。26頭の犬から採取された正常な皮膚の生検組織を対象として,真皮浅層および深層にCD3陽性細胞 ならびにPax5陽性細胞が存在するかを組織学的ならびに免疫組織化学的手法を用いて解析した。その結果,全ての検体において前述の細胞は認められなかった。この結果から,正常犬皮膚の真皮浅層および深層ではリンパ球がほとんど存在しないか,存在してもごく少数であることが示唆された。

著者

Recht Daniel Hutchinson David Cruson Thomas DiFranzo Anthony McAllister Andrew Said Aurore J. Warrender Jeffrey M. Persans Peter D. Aziz Michael J.

出版者

The Japan Society of Applied Physics

雑誌

Applied physics express (ISSN:18820778)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.41301-041301-3, 2012-04-25

被引用文献数

7

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Photoconductivity in silicon hyperdoped with sulfur and selenium above the insulator-to-metal transition was measured via photoinduced changes in the microwave reflectivity of hyperdoped layers formed on p-type silicon. Despite these materials' strong subgap optical absorption, exposing them to 1310 and 1550 nm light results in a change in conductivity per photon 10,000 times smaller than what is observed in untreated silicon exposed to 980 nm light. A similar bound applies for 405 nm light, which is absorbed entirely in the hyperdoped layer. We use these results to deduce that the photocarrier lifetime in the hyperdoped material is {\leq}100 ns.

著者

藤原 俊司 ハンキン D.G.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.8, pp.1333-1338, 1988-08-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 6

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Size, sex, state of maturity and age were determined for sablefish captured by commercial otter trawl vessels at depths from 100m to 900m off northern California from January through August 1984. Sex ratios appeared to be 1:1 among immature fish at all depths, but significantly departed from a 1:1 ratio among mature fish during many months and at many depths, without any clear pattern. Plots of percent spent fish against month suggested that spawning took place from late January through March with a probable peak during early February. Estimated fork lengths at 50% maturity showed a shift to a smaller size with increasing depth. A greater fraction of males and females was mature at smaller sizes and younger ages in deeper waters (>600m) than in shallow waters (<600m). Maturation of both sexes occurred over a wide range of ages and sizes (from 3 to 8 years of age and from 40 to 65cm in fork length), although females generally matured at a larger size and older age than males. Two alternative hypotheses could explain collected data. Sablefish may move to deeper waters at the onset of sexual maturity (for which size and age may vary considerably among individuals), or distinct deep water and shallow water stocks may exist off northern California. Tagging experiments are necessary for distinguishing between these alternative explanations.Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbri

著者

堀田 昌克 Tauber D.a. Holmes Jr.A.L. Miller B.I. Bowers J.E.

出版者

一般社団法人電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. ED, 電子デバイス

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.192, pp.19-24, 1996-07-25

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高出力、 広帯域な半導体レーザの実現を目指して、熱放散特性、高周波信号伝搬特性に優れたマイクロストリップレーザ(Microstrip laser: MSレーザ)という新たなレーザ構造を検討した。MS-レーザは下部クラッド層の直下に厚い金電極を有していることを特徴としている。本構造の作製工程を考案し、 試作した素子の諸特性を評価した。 ボンデイング工程及びその後のレーザプロセスが素子特性に悪影響を及ぼしていないことを、その閾値電流特性から確認した。また、CW発振特性、高周波信号伝搬実験から、本構造が従来の構造に比べて熱放散および高周波伝搬特性に関して優れていることを明らかにした。

著者

Dong-Heon Lee Narasimha N. Murthy Kenneth D. Karlin

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (ISSN:00092673)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.732-742, 2007-04-15 (Released:2007-04-13)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

6

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Copper(I)–dioxygen reactivity studies utilizing new binucleating ligands are described. When catalytic quantities of either CuI or CuII salts were introduced to LH2, which is a dinucleating ligand with two tridentate donors connected via a methylene group at a bis(2-pyridyl)methane junction, dioxygen addition caused complete oxygenation to give bis(2-pyridyl)ketone product L=O. Isolated dicopper(I) complex [CuI2(LH2)]2+ (1) also reacted with excess O2 to give L=O. Additional observations were consistent with a mechanism that does not involve “oxygen-activation” in this process. Ketone hydration and gem-diol(ate) copper(II)-coordination occurred by addition of copper(II)–perchlorate to L=O, giving [CuII2{L(OH)(O−)}Cu2II(−OClO3)]2+ (4), with a bridging alkoxide moiety (X-ray). Oxygenation of [CuI2(L=O)(CH3CN)2]2+ (2) (2/O2 = 0.5, i.e., Cu/O2 = 4:1 manometry), gave [CuII2{L(O−)2}(−OClO3)]+ (5), where both oxygen atoms of the doubly deprotonated gem-diolate bind separate copper(II) ions; mass spectrometric data showed that one of the two oxygen atoms of the gem-diolate L(O−)2 came from O2. An oxo–dicopper(II) species is suggested as an important intermediate, which is supported by the observation that reaction of 2 with NO or iodosylbenzene also produced 5 in high yields. Complexes 4 and 5 are acid–base conjugate pairs and can be readily interconverted using Et3N or HClO4(aq) reagents.

著者

市川 雄一 上野 秀樹 石井 裕司 古川 武 吉見 彰洋 亀田 大輔 青井 考 渡邊 寛 旭 耕一郎 飯島 裕章 鈴木 都文 井上 壮志 土屋 真人 林 宏憲 七尾 翼 久保 敏幸 稲辺 尚人 大西 哲哉 竹田 浩之 福田 直樹 Daugas J. M. Chevrier R. Georgiev G. Rajabali M. Balabanski D. L.

出版者

一般社団法人日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会講演概要集 (ISSN:13428349)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, 2010-08-18

著者

富士写真フイルムR&D統括本部材料研究本部

出版者

富士写真フイルム

巻号頁・発行日

2006-03-22

著者

Basu D. Pandey Takeshi Nabeshima Kishor Pandey Saroj P. Rajendra Yogendra Shah Bal R. Adhikari Govinda Gupta Ishan Gautam Mya M. N. Tun Reo Uchida Mahendra Shrestha Ichiro Kurane Kouichi Morita

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2012-17, (Released:2013-08-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 33

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Dengue is an emerging disease in Nepal and was first observed as an outbreak in nine lowland districts in 2006. In 2010, however, a large epidemic of dengue occurred with 4,529 suspected and 917 serologically-confirmed cases and five deaths reported in government hospitals in Nepal. The collection of demographic information was performed along with an entomological survey and clinical evaluation of the patients. A total of 280 serum samples were collected from suspected dengue patients. These samples were subjected to routine laboratory investigations and IgM-capture ELISA for dengue serological identification, and 160 acute serum samples were used for virus isolation, RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that affected patients were predominately adults, and that 10% of the cases were classified as dengue haemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome. The genetic characterization of dengue viruses isolated from patients in four major outbreak areas of Nepal suggests that the DENV-1 strain was responsible for the 2010 epidemic. Entomological studies identified Aedes aegypti in all epidemic areas. All viruses belonged to a monophyletic single clade which is phylogenetically close to Indian viruses. The dengue epidemic started in the lowlands and expanded to the highland areas. To our knowledge, this is the first dengue isolation and genetic characterization reported from Nepal.

著者

Nathalie TOUBLANC Brigitte D LACROIX Junichi YAMAMOTO

出版者

日本薬物動態学会 会長/日本薬物動態学会 DMPK編集委員長

雑誌

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.DMPK-13-RG-045, (Released:2013-07-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

20

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Levetiracetam [E Keppra®] is a second generation antiepileptic drug for different types of epilepsy in adults and children ≥1 month. The objective is to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in Japanese children and adults as well as North American children, the purpose being to explore potential dosing recommendations in Japanese children. Levetiracetam plasma concentration-time data were obtained from Japanese adult and paediatric clinical studies. The data were analysed through non-linear mixed effects modelling. The model was used to perform simulations and compare the exposure in Japanese children and adults. It was subsequently extended to North American children through an external validation. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and first-order elimination adequately described the data. The exposure parameters determined based on the simulations in children were well within the adult range. The external validation against historical data from North American children was successful. The integrated population pharmacokinetic model provided a good description of the data, confirming the similarity of levetiracetam pharmacokinetics in these various populations. In Japanese children, a target dose of 10 to 30 mg/kg twice daily ensures the same exposure as the recommended dose in Japanese adults of 500 to 1500 mg twice daily.

著者

ダベンポート トーマス H. パティル D. J.

出版者

ダイヤモンド社

雑誌

Harvard business review

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.84-95, 2013-02

著者

サンプソン S.D.

出版者

日経サイエンス

雑誌

日経サイエンス (ISSN:0917009X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.54-62, 2012-06

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恐竜がのし歩いていた9000万年前から7000万年前の中世代白亜紀後期,北米大陸はロッキー山脈の東側を境に,海によって東側のアパラチア大陸と西側のララミディア大陸に分かれていた。約30年前,「ララミディアの北部と南部では異なる種類の恐竜集団が数百万年にわたって生息していた」とする説が発表されたが,ララミディアは北米大陸の1/5しかない小さな大陸であり,それほど多くの恐…