著者

益田 勉

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.85-96, 2013-03-01

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Career development theory has matured 100 years since its founding by Frank Parsons (1909). Although numerous theories have been devised during this period, each offers only fragmentary and partial knowledge. Theories have been criticized for their lack of theoretical consisitency and integration. For example, Super (1990) acknowledged that his theoretical formulation was segmental and represented an effort to bring together concepts from various branches of psychology. Thus, flaws of existing theories have been noted by as eminent a career development theorist as Super. Recently, theorists habe acknowledged the value in attempting to provide a more integrative theoretical picture of career development. This review of the literature offers a viewpoint integrating career development theories by the content and process of career development.

著者

城 佳子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.57-66, 2009-03-01

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The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report instrument of mood states consists of eight factors based on a three-dimensional model. The three-dimensional model consisted of energy, tension, and hedonic tone. Eight factors were defined to be influenced by three dimensions; energy, tension, and hedonic tone. The Three-Dimensional Checklist of Affect (3DCLA) was administered under four conditions: after doing relaxation training, after watching an amusing video, after taking a test, and after attending a lecture. An instrument called the 3DCLA with 7 subscales was developed. The reliability and the validity of each scale were investigated. Results have shown that the subscales are highly internally consistent and factors valid.

著者

森 恭子 大塚 明子 秋山 美栄子 星野 晴彦

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.141-158, 2013-03-01

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There are significant differences in social protection and policies towards immigrants, including refugees, in different countries. The acceptance of foreign migrant workers and refugees is severely limited in Japan, and asylum seekers in particular face great difficulties because of their exclusion from the Japanese social security system. Compared to Japan, The Swedish government is readily accepting of refugees/asylums seekers and has provided them with sufficient social protection and services, although Sweden's population is less than one -tenth of Japan's . Where do the differences come from? This study explores the differences in opinions about tolerance of immigrants in Japan and Sweden. Respondents were asked about social protection and the social security system's stance towards people from other countries. This study adopted five psychological scales focused on views on immigrants and multiculturalism as independent questions. Individuals in three groups (undergraduates, teachers, and welfare personnel) in Japan and Sweden were surveyed by questionnaire. Responses were obtained from a total of about 640 people. The study found that Swedes answered positively to all of the independent questions. Among the groups, welfare personnel and teachers in Japan were mostly negative. Therefore, a higher level of education has not encouraged tolerance of immigrants and support of multiculturalism in Japan. The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that 'a normative attitude toward helping ' was associated with tolerance in both countries. Results also indicated that gender was a determinant of tolerance in Japan while education and self-esteem were determinants of tolerance in Sweden.

著者

太田 和敬

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.39-65, 2015-03-01

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El Sistema, or “the system,” is an orchestra movement financially supported by the government of Venezuela. The movement has garnered praise for the education and musical training it provides, and it has also garnered praise for protecting children who live in dangerous areas and for the music education programs it conducts in correctional facilities. The current study evaluates how joining an orchestra and playing classical music corrects the behavior of juvenile delinquents and adult offenders in prison. Findings indicate that rigorous training, cooperation, and responsibility foster self-esteem, teamwork, and social skills. Moreover, public performances and applause from friends and family encourage confidence and pride. These benefits facilitate a subsequent return to and reintegration into the community. These findings suggest that correctional education requires affirming aspects as well as rehabilitative aspects, such as encouraging reflection and/or restitution.

著者

諸橋 茜 谷口 清

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.187-197, 2017-03-01

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In order to clarify how children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) process speech, the current study recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) during active and passive oddball tasks and this study examined how information is processed in the brains of those children. The latency of P1s ("s" means the response to a shift in pitch) at Cz to a shift in the auditory pitch of the vowel /e/ changed significantly in children with ASD depending on the magnitude of the shift. Children with ASD had a briefer latency with a 6% shift in pitch which typically developed (TD) children did not. The latency of P1s was significantly briefer during the active task than during the passive task in TD children but not in children with ASD. These results suggest the possibility that children with ASD have a system of bottom-up processing of dominant sounds and that they have difficulty with top-down processing when perceiving sound.本研究では,自閉症スペクトラム(以下ASD)児の聴覚特性を明らかにするために,受動および能動オドボール課題の下でERPを記録し,彼らの脳の情報処理過程を検討した。母音/e/の音高変化に対するCzのP1s潜時 (ここで"s"は音高変化への応答であることを示す) は,ASD児においては3%変化よりも6%変化で短縮するというように音高変化の程度によって有意に変化した。TD児ではそのようなことはなかった。他方,同じP1s潜時はTD児では受動課題よりも能動課題で有意に短かった。しかしASD児ではそれが見られなかった。これらの結果はASD児がボトムアップ優位な音処理システムを持っており,聴知覚におけるトップダウンプロセスに困難を持つ可能性があることを示唆する

著者

岡田 斉 松岡 和生 轟 知佳

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.153-161, 2004-12-01

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The current article describes the psychometric qualities of a Japanese version of the Creative Experience Questionnaire (Merckelbach, Horselenberg, and Muris, 2001),a brief 25 item self-report questionnaire of fantasy proneness. A sample of normal undergraduate students (n=433) completed CEQ-J and of the 233 completed Imaginative Involvement Inventory (Kasai and Inoue, 1993) and Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II: Tanabe and Ogawa, 1992). Factor analysis and reliability analysis indicated that the CEQ-J had simple 3-factor structure and showed high reliability (α=0.83). Furthermore, there are substantial correlations between the CEQ-J and the III and the DES-II, which supports the validity of the CEQ-J as well as original CEQ.

著者

太田 和敬

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.39-65, 2015-03-01

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El Sistema, or "the system," is an orchestra movement financially supported by the government of Venezuela. The movement has garnered praise for the education and musical training it provides, and it has also garnered praise for protecting children who live in dangerous areas and for the music education programs it conducts in correctional facilities. The current study evaluates how joining an orchestra and playing classical music corrects the behavior of juvenile delinquents and adult offenders in prison. Findings indicate that rigorous training, cooperation, and responsibility foster self-esteem, teamwork, and social skills. Moreover, public performances and applause from friends and family encourage confidence and pride. These benefits facilitate a subsequent return to and reintegration into the community. These findings suggest that correctional education requires affirming aspects as well as rehabilitative aspects, such as encouraging reflection and/or restitution.

著者

臺 利夫

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.77-84, 1996-12-01

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More pretty persons are preferred. It is apt to be thought that more beautiful women are more likely than less beautiful women to do good. People who are objects of our first impressions are not known to us. We have limited information about them. Whenever we meet new people, beauty of face is a key factor in our liking of other people. But beautiful women will be not necessarily be happy. In enduring relationships it seems to follow that we do not rank beauty of face as very important in our ranking of other people. We lower our sights somewhat so that there is a balancing with beauty of personality. Regardless of whether beauty of face was once the basis for love relationships, familiarity in married life produces greater liking than love at first sight. Though people's attitudes foward beauty of face are more or less associated with erotic desire pertaining to a sense of beauty, mere erotic desire as such does not clarify one's sense of beauty. It might aesthetically be said that beauty of face is created in the image of symmetry in nature. But human beauty transcends rational comprehension and is wrapped up in mysterious atmosphere. A Beautiful face, what first figures as a superficial trait, is imbued with substantial meaning.

著者

石原俊一

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.51-59, 2007-12-01

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Positive emotional activities such as mirthful laughter have recently been suggested as modifiers of neuroendocrine hormones involved in the classical stress response. In other words, spontaneous laughter is suggested to contribute to physiological and psychological health. \nFor example, Berk et al. (1989a,b) reported the relationship between natural killer cell activity and laughter. They also reported that the mirthful laughter experience appears to reduce serum levels of cortisol, dopac, epinephrine, and growth hormone. These biochemical changes have implications for the reversal of the neuroendocrine and classical stress hormone response. \nThis study investigated the effects of spontaneous laughter on autonomic nervous response to a humorous video. Thirty students were classified randomly divided into a laughing group who watched the DVD and laughed spontaneously(n = 15) or a control group who watched the blue screen of a monitor(n = 15).During all experimental sessions, electrodermal activity(EDA), heart rate(HR), and skin temperature(ST) were measured. \nResults revealed no changes in the autonomic nervous responses in the control group. In the laughing group, however, sympathetic reactivity accelerated significantly in the experimental session and then decreased significantly in the recovery session. Thus, spontaneous laughter indicated the effects of relaxation. \nResults of the Profile of Mood States(POMS) revealed no changes in emotions in the control group after the experimental session but did reveal a decrease in negative emotions and increase in positive emotion were recognized in the laughing group.\nDetailed studies of other autonomic nervous responses, and baroreflex sensitivity in particular, must be conducted in the future.

著者

藤田 雅子 日浦 美智江

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.72-85, 1995-12-01

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Social consciousness of the disabled is very important to build our welfare society. The youth is to bear the responsibility for the coming age. The aim of this study is to make researches in school children's consciousness of the disabled.They belong to the fifth and sixth grade of two elementary schools, and the first to third grade of two junior high schools. Their age is about ten to fifteen years old. One of the elementary schools has the special class for the mental retarded and is near a day center for the severly multiple disabled. The other one has no special class, but in the same district there is the special school for the blind. One of the junior high school is near a day center for the severly disabled. The other one has no special class and is in the area neither special school nor institution for the disabled. Seven hundred seventy two school-children answered the questionnaire.Question no.1 and 2 are about indirect experiences about the disabled. Namely they have known or not the disabled through biography, movie or TV. No.3, 5, 7 and 9 are about personal contact with the visual disabled, the auditory disabled, the motor disabled and the mental retarded. No.4, 6, 8 and 10 are their feeling of these disabled. No.11 and 12 are thier direct experiences of the preson with white cane and the parson on the wheelchair. No.13 and 14 are about the chance of meeting or knowing each other. No.15 is about volunteer for social welfare activities. No.16 asks the thinking if they were parents of the disabled child in future. No.17 is about jobs related the disabled. School children choose yes, no or no answer. Each puestion has four to six subquestions. "Who is the person putting up with incoveniencens?" This no.18 requires children to describe their answer. "What is your idea for well-to-do the disabled?" Describing answer is asked to this question, no.19.1.8 to 3.8% children have the disabled brother or sister. 3.5 to 17.8% have the disabled relatives or friends. 24.4% to 92.5% know the disabled around them. Three fourths of the junior high school students are aware of the mental retarded. In the elementary school having the special class and the junior high school near the instiution for the disabled, children meet more frequently than in the other schools. About half to 70% children wish to study and play with the disabled. But fewer children in the school with special class want to be with the mental retarded. Fewer children knowing the blind want to live with the visual disabled. Fewer children knowing the severely handicapped want to coexist with the motor disabled. Knowing sometimes makes child careful.Much more children who can describe their own ideas are in the elemntary school having special class and the junior high school near the day center for the disabled. The contents written by these children are supported by their realistic experience in daily life. The interchange of personnel is important.The result between quantitative and qualitative seems to be contradictory. It is the reason why developing consciousness of the disabled is step by step. Generally at the start the disabled is inddifferent. By meeting the disabled, people are psychologically stimulated and then some responces occur like interest, pity, sympathy or rejection. A small number of them set up the constructive relationship with the disabled and the real coexistence-feeling springs up. For building up the actual welfare society, the constructive relationship and the coexistence-feeling are very important, considering as a whole. If the abled are mixed with the disabled, mutual understanding is not easy. The task imposed on our soceity is how to correct ignorence to the disabled and enhance the feeling of pity or sympathy to the conxistence-feeling.

著者

鎌田 晶子 臼井 信男 吉野 大輔

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.153-160, 2010-03-01

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The mere exposure effect for merchandise was examined experimentally using two-alternative forced choice tasks (N = 88). Relations between the features of merchandise and the mere exposure effect were examined with impression tests for each item of merchandise (N = 67). The results showed that repeated exposure increased preference for everyday products (i.e., toilet paper, scissors, pencils), but not for adornments (such as bouquets) which were more likely to evoke aesthetic emotions. Discussion focuses on the relations between mere exposure and affective evaluations of different products.商品に対する単純接触効果について、二肢強制選択法を用いて実験的に検討した(N = 88)。商品ごとに印象評定を行い(N = 67)、商品の特徴と単純接触効果の関係について検討した。その結果、はさみ、シャープペンシル、トイレットペーパーのような実用品については単純接触効果が認められ、花束のような美的印象や感情が喚起されやすい装飾品には単純接触効果が認められなかった。感情的評価と単純接触効果の生起の関係について考察した。

著者

五十嵐 航 大澤 達也 大寺 元氣 石原 俊一 田積 徹

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.149-164, 2018-03-01

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The current study experimentally manipulated the process in which two types of products were provided: one had a characteristic design but its use was not readily apparent (the product requiring familiarization, or PRF) while the other had a general design and its use was readily apparent (the self-explanatory product, or SEP). The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the PRF and SEP in terms of the value of an emotional connection, the value of familiarization, and desire to buy. Results indicated that the PRF significantly induced both an emotional connection and familiarization more than the SEP did, but the desire to buy the two products did not differ significantly. The current results did not experimentally indicate whether an emotional connection or familiarization leads to a desire to buy. In addition, this study analyzed the association between formation of impressions of a PRF and the emotional connection or familiarization with that product. Results indicated that a more novel PRF resulted in a stronger emotional connection and increased familiarization. A bland impression diminished familiarization, but individual differences in a bland impression were not associated with an emotional connection. Impressions of the novelty of a PRF may be associated with encounters with that product overall while a bland impression may be specifically associated with certain encounters with that product.◆本研究では、デザインが特徴的で一見して使途がすぐにわからない商品(経験ブロバイダー商品)と、一般的なデザインで使途がすぐにわかる同じカテゴリの商品(対照商品)を呈示することで経験プロバイダーを実験的に操作し、これらの商品に対して、実験参加者の情緒的経験価値と関係的経験価値、および、購買意欲に違いが認められるのかを検証した。その結果、経験プロバイダー商品は対照商品よりも有意に情緒的経験価値と関係的経験価値を生じさせたが、それらの商品の購買意欲には違いが認められなかった。これらの結果から、経験価値が購買意欲の違いを生み出すかどうかを実験的に明らかにすることはできなかった。また、本研究で用いられた経験ブロバイダー商品の印象構造が情緒的経験価値と関係的経験価値とどのように関連するのかを検討した。その結果、これらの商品に対して斬新な印象を抱く人ほど、情緒的経験価値と関係的経験価値が高まり、柔和な印象を抱く人ほど関係的経験価値は低下するが、柔和な印象の個人差は情緒的経験価値と関連がないことが示された。これらの結果は、経験ブロバイダー商品に対する印象には、経験価値全般と関連するもの(斬新な印象)もある一方、経験価値と特異的に関連するもの(柔和な印象)もあることを示唆する。

著者

高尾 浩幸

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.79-92, 2017-03-01

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This study deals with the rules of the world, which externally influence people, as a part of Japanese collective consciousness.Several aspects of these rules that this work will focus on are (1) the hierarchy of the old and the young, (2) the principle of mutual benefit, (3) honor as viewed by the world, (4) the elimination of impurity, (5) the character of authoritarianism, (6) duty and kindness, and (7) harmony and competition. This work will also study the psychological mechanisms of Japanese consciousness through the features of these rules.Each group that a person can join has its peculiar rules of how the world is. Knowing the rules of how the world is crucial. Once a person becomes aware of these rules, that person can decide which attitude to adopt, either to obey the rules or to change the rules themselves.

著者

田中 志帆 森下 春枝 功刀 梢

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.149-162, 2017-03-01

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The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of coping strategies and mother-child mealtime interaction on emotional eating. The sample consisted of 590 female junior college students. Participants completed a self-report to assess coping style (TAC-24), an emotional eating scale (EES), and a mother-child interaction in mealtime scale (MCIM). The results were as follows: (1) The image of mother as controlling and coercive during meal times, before the age of 18 was positive correlated with the coping style of buck-passing. (2) Cluster analysis revealed 5 subtypes on back ground of emotional eating, including BMI, the absence of the mother at mealtimes, and dissatisfaction with one's weight. (3) Cluster 2 (the greatest sensitivity to demands, a highly controlling and coercive mother during meals, the coping style is avoidance, and diverting reation) and cluster 4 (the image of mother as the most controlling and coercive during meals and the coping style is buck-passing) were related to emotional eating tendencies.本研究では、女子短大生を対象に、18歳以前の食事場面における母子相互作用の認識と、ストレスコーピングが、情緒的摂食行動(気晴らし食い)と関連があるのかどうか検討した。分析の結果、 情緒的摂食と女子青年の食事場面における支配・強制的な母親イメージ、一部のコーピング尺度と正の相関が認められた。続いてクラスター分析から、食卓における母親の不在傾向とBMIも含めた類型パターンの抽出を試みた。その結果、5つのクラスターを抽出し、第2クラスターと第4クラスターが、気晴らし食いに関連することが示唆された。第2クラスターは、BMIは平均的な値だが、食事場面での母親イメージが両価的で、責任転嫁と回避的な気晴らしコーピングをとるタイプであると推測された。第4クラスターは、食事場面での支配・強制的な母親イメージが最も高く、責任転嫁をする傾向があり、BMIが最も低いタイプであった。以上から、青年期の過食傾における回避型、責任転嫁型のコーピングと、食事場面での両価的な母親イメージの重要性が示唆された。

著者

市川 孝一

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.123-130, 2003-01-01

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The purpose of this paper is to review books, articles and essays on youth and youth-culture in post-war Japan. People born after World War Ⅱ are divided into four generations, according to the time when they become adolescent.— 1960’s: Dankai-no-Sedai (first baby boomer in post-war period), 1970’s:Shirake-Sedai (apathy generation), 1980’s:Shinjinrui-Sedai (new-species generation), 1990’s:Dankai-junior Sedai (second baby boomer in post-war period). \nCharacteristics of each generation are described as follows: Dankai-no-sedai: spirit of resistance and protest, Shirake-Sedai: apathy and moratorium, Shinjinrui-Sedai: super-individualistic, ego-centric, Dankaijunior-Sedai: indifferent to others, lack of imagination. \nThese characteristics and traits have been gradually generalized as those of common Japanese in later times. And Japanese mass-culture has been influenced by youth-culture. Youth and youth-culture is a significant indication of future images of people and culture in general. It is the reason why we examine the changes of these features.

著者

岡部 康成 木島 恒一 佐藤 徳 山下 雅子 丹治 哲雄

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 = Bulletin of Human Science (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.145-151, 2004-12-01

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Until recently, the measurement of attitudes and beliefs has been limited to self-report questionnaires. The use of such measure unrealistically assumes that all the participants have both the ability and the motivation to report their attitudes and beliefs accurately. Recently, Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz (1998) developed the implicit association test (IAT) to overcome such limits inherent in self-report measures by examining attitudes and beliefs that lie outside conscious awareness and control. In the present study, we assessed implicit attitudes towards the supernatural power using two versions of IAT; the commonly used personal computer (PC) version and the recently developed paper and pencil version. Thirty-six undergraduates participated. Participants equally demonstrated negative attitudes towards supernatural power in either version. Moreover, the implicit attitudes indexes in the paper and pencil version were highly correlated with those in the PC version. These results suggest that the paper and pencil version of IAT can stand up to the use as more convenient method.\n本研究は、青少年の持つ非合理現象信奉の一つである超能力信奉傾向について測定する潜在連合テスト(IAT)の開発を主な目的としている。IATとは、近年、グリンワルドらによって提唱された質問紙法とは異なる方法によって認知構造を測定する技法である。一般的にはパーソナル・コンピュータを用いて測定が行われるが、紙筆版による測定も可能である。紙筆版IATは一度に大量のデータを収集する場合などにには有効な方法と考えられる。我々は青少年の超能力信奉について測定するIATの開発過程で、一般的なPC版IATと紙筆版IATを作成し、紙筆版IATの妥当性についても併せて検討してみた。今回の報告では、PC版及び紙筆版IATの結果からみた大学生の超能力信奉傾向について、また、今回作成した紙筆版IATの妥当性について報告する。

著者

土屋 久 堀口 久五郎

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.217-227, 2011-03 (Released:2011-03-24)

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This paper reports on aspects of the healing deity Kanayamasama based on investigations on the islands of Hachijojima and Aogashima.Results are as follows:1) Kanayamasama is a deity that possesses an ambivalent nature with the power to curse and lift curses.2) Fujou caused by a curse is thought to cause illness on both islands. Because Kanayamasama possesses power to lift Fujou, she is revered as a healing deity.3) On both islands, shrine maidens play a large role in determining the character of Kanayamasama.In light of these findings, this study noted to need to understand health in terms of folk customs on both islands when discussing actual issues in the areas of medicine and welfare.カナヤマサマは、鍛冶屋のカミ、火のカミとして知られる民俗神であるが、本稿では、その治癒神としての側面を八丈島・青ヶ島での調査に基づいて報告し、両島における健康観の一端を考察した。その結果明らかになったのは、以下の点である。一、カナヤマサマは、呪詛の力を発揮するカミであるとともに、呪詛を祓うカミでもあるという両義的な性格を有すること。二、呪詛によって生じるフジョウが、病いの一因と両島では考えられており、それを祓う力をカナヤマサマが有するが故に、治癒神として祀られること。三、両島におけるカナヤマサマの性格形成には、ミコの果たす力が大きいこと。以上の点を報告した上で、両島の医療や福祉の分野に置ける現実的な課題を考えていくにあたり、両島が育んできた民俗レヴェルでの健康観に対する理解の必要性を指摘した。

著者

太田 和敬

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.31-40, 2009-03-01

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Few academicians thought that they would live to see the day when all students wanting to enter a university could do so, but that day has finally come. Universities' future survival depends on whether or not they can improve their classes and satisfy their students. To that end, we should analyze and share information on lectures with each other.This essay discusses my efforts over twenty years to improve my classes in order to enrich and encourage student's academic abilities.1. In order to let students prepare for lessons, I first made handouts and put them in mailboxes. I expected them read before lessons, but many students failed to remove and read them before class. Then I made textbooks, and now I put them on my web site.2. Students want two-way communication even in big classes. That said, Japanese are often too shy to speak before an audience so some techniques were devised to encourage speaking like giving points for speeches.3. Students should write down material in class, and I gave them opportunities to do so in reports, mailing lists, and bulletin boards. Reading what other students have written helps provide different views.I have used a web-based system to improve my classes.

著者

角田 巌 大田 和敬

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.88-98, 1987

著者

岡田 斉 松田 英子

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

人間科学研究 (ISSN:03882152)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.81-90, 2013

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The present study sought to explore the frequency with which Japanese undergraduates experienced nightmares. One thousand four hundred and twenty-five female undergraduates, ranging in age from 18 to 28 years, were administered a 26-item questionnaire asking about the frequency of nightmares and a 26-item questionnaire on the frequency of dream recall (Okada, 2001, 2011). Results indicated that 4.6% of respondents reported experiencing nightmares once or twice a week, and this figure agrees with the findings of Levin and Nielsen (2007). Factor analysis of the questionnaire indicated that items on the frequency of dream recall fell into five categories: major perceptions, minor perceptions, positive emotions, negative emotions, and dream content. The frequency of nightmares was associated with both types of perceptions as well as negative emotions and negative dream content.