著者

北折 充隆 吉田 俊和

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.73-82, 2000-10-25 (Released:2016-12-20)

被引用文献数

6

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This study examined two aspects of social norms, and investigated illegal crossing behavior at an intersection. Two norms were focused upon: the injunctive norm, i.e. to wait during a red light; and the descriptive norm, i.e. to be influenced by the behavior of surrounding people. Study 1 was a natural observation of 56 persons and 50 groups as they passed by an intersection. Study 2 looked at three kinds of descriptive norms derived from Study 1, and 183 persons who passed an intersection were questioned about their crossing behavior. Results showed that: 1) Most people were influenced by a norm manifested within a particular situation; 2) The particular intersection in question was itself inductive of illegal crossing; 3) Males were more prone to ignore the red light than females. This study suggested that the behavior of surrounding people is a strong predictor of pedestrian crossing behavior, and the importance of descriptive norms was confirmed.

著者

浅野 良輔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.41-46, 2011-08-25 (Released:2017-02-22)

被引用文献数

1

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This article investigated how relational efficacy affects emotional experiences in romantic relationships. Relational efficacy, which is a shared or intersubjective efficacy expectation of relationship partners, refers to a pair's belief that they can mutually coordinate and integrate their resources to prevent and resolve any problem; this concept is based on social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997, 2001). Participants were 107 dating heterosexual couples. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling analysis suggested that couples higher in relational efficacy experienced more positive emotions, but not negative emotions. Additionally, it is suggested that partners higher in perceived relational efficacy experienced more positive emotions, but not negative emotions. The implications of the results and their contribution to existing literature are discussed.

著者

三浦 麻子 川浦 康至

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.233-245, 2008-02-29 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

2

---

Web-based knowledge-sharing communities, which are supported by countless voluntary Internet users, are in widespread use today. We explored a number of characteristics of interpersonal communication among participants based on their questioning and answering behaviors. A questionnaire survey on participants of Yahoo! Chiebukuro, one of the most popular knowledge-sharing communities in Japan, was conducted, and access data of their behavior in the community were collected. Based on 7,989 survey samples and access data, we found that there were several significant differences in their behavior and motivation based on their participation style, question content, and gender. Results also suggested that information was exchanged and accumulated actively in the community and interpersonal communication of community participants was developed by an aggressive need for information acquisition and subsequent social support.

著者

伊藤 健彦

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.15-25, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-07-31)

参考文献数

32

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This study aims to examine the effect of relational mobility on the Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English of Japanese people. Previous studies have focused on internal factors such as perceived competence and personality to predict the WTC, but did not reveal which environmental factors influenced these factors. This study focused on relational mobility as a socioecological factor. A pilot survey showed that to predict the WTC in English of Japanese people, perceived communication competence in English had the strongest positive effect, as in previous studies. Study 1 showed that relational mobility positively influenced the WTC via perceived competence, targeting university students. Study 2 showed that, targeting different university students, the mediation effect found in Study 1 was confirmed. In addition, we examined whether relational mobility enhanced the WTC via a decreased evaluation concern and increased the perceived competence or not, but the whole indirect effect was not confirmed.

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.23, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

著者

野寺 綾 唐沢 かおり 沼崎 誠 高林 久美子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.195-201, 2007-11-10 (Released:2017-02-08)

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The purpose of this study is to examine the promoting effect of a fear of death on the activation of gender role stereotypes. Terror management theory proposes that when mortality is salient, people heighten the tendency to support their cultural worldview. Since stereotypes are considered to represent cultural worldview, a fear of death should increase the responses consistent with the stereotype. In this study, the activation of stereotypes regarding gender roles (e.g., "Housekeeping is a job for women.") was measured with an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants were 48 male undergraduate and graduate students. The results showed that the participants who completed the questionnaire implying mortality had a larger IAT effect than those who completed the questionnaire unrelated to mortality, and that death-related anxiety led to the activation of gender role stereotypes. It is claimed that terror management theory has theoretical value for studies on stereotype activation, as well as a function in justifying a system such as gender role in stereotype activation.

著者

福島 治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.20-32, 1996-08-15 (Released:2016-12-06)

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The purpose of this study was to find out image types of self which university students wished to present to familiar others and to examine relationships between their self-presentation to these targets and mental health. In the study 1, ninety male students were asked to describe their self-images that they wished to present to familiar others (father, mother, same-sex friend, opposite-sex friend, and teacher). Fifteen different types were detected among the reported self-images. Frequencies of each image type were found to strongly depend on the type of target person. In the study 2, seventy-nine male students were asked to select five types from the 15 images, which they wished best to present to the targets, and to rate the degree of their being successfully presented each image. It was also found that the selection was strongly affected by the type of target person. These findings were explained in terms of Schlenker & Weigold's (1989) self-identification theory. Though most subjects assertively presented themselves in familiar relations, these tendencies correlated with neither the level of self-esteem nor of social anxiety.

著者

小野 恭子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.117, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

著者

髙橋 潔

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.116, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

著者

石黒 格

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.88-95, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

32

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Despite recent advancements in the theory and assessment of maximization, only outdated scales of maximization have been available in Japanese. Based on the two-component model of maximization, I translated into Japanese the Maximizing Tendency Scale and the alternative search subscale of the Maximization Inventory as indexes of high standards and alternative search, respectively, and also tested the validity of both scales. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and item response theory revealed considerable internal reliability for both scales. The correlation analyses depicted a significant positive relationship between the Maximizing Tendency Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognition Inventory as predicted, implying external validity of the Maximizing Tendency Scale as an index of high standards. Conversely, the Maximization Inventory did not correlate with the General Procrastination Scale, though a positive correlation was expected between alternative search and procrastination tendency. However, considering that correlations between the two factors of maximization and psychological traits were hardly reported, the result is not decisive.

著者

山岡 明奈 湯川 進太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.104-113, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

50

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Previous research has shown that mind wandering improves creativity while it may simultaneously lead to mental illness. However, it has also been shown that some kinds of mind wandering are not related to negative mood or mental illness, and such mind wandering seems to improve creativity while maintaining good mental health. Therefore, our study examined what kinds of mind wandering are generated in highly creative people with a high level of mental health, focusing on daily life. Seventy-eight undergraduate and graduate students participated in the study. We measured indicators of creativity and mental health in the experiment room and measured the situation and features of mind wandering using an experience sampling method over three days. Results showed that highly creative people with a high level of mental health do not think much about social-related and future-related thought. In the future, we need to examine whether evoking MW that does not include things about others actually enhances creativity without inhibiting mental health.

著者

青野 篤子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.51-58, 2003

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The oppression hypothesis, originally advocated by N. Henley, expects that superiors have greater control beyond their own space and claim greater space than subordinates. This projective study using computer simulation examined the effects of gender and status on both approach distance and approached distance among Japanese company employees to verify the oppression hypothesis. Results indicated that neither gender nor status affected the two types of distance, and thus the oppression hypothesis was not supported. Rather, the relation-ship of subjects and the persons they were interacting with was important. That is, subjects took the shortest distance with fellow officers and the greatest distance with superior officers. In particular, female subjects kept male superiors farthest away from them. Further studies are suggested to control status variables strictly and introduce cross-cultural standpoints.

著者

堤 雅雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.95-103, 1995-01-31 (Released:2016-12-03)

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The sentiment of existential "emptiness" is characteristic of adolescence. The purpose of this research is to investigate the structure of the experienced emptiness, and to explore its developmental change in early, middle and late adolescence. In the preliminary survey, 54 college students responded to the open-ended questions about the associational words of "empty", opposite meaning words, and their daily experiences of feelings of emptiness. On the base of these results, a "munasisa" (emptiness) scale was constructed with 74 items (finally 54 items), then 128 college students rated this scale. Next, this scale was administered to 82 junior high school and 87 high school students to measure the experienced levels of emptiness. The data of all 297 samples were analysed by using factor-analytic technique, and as its result, three factors were found. These factors were named (1) sense of purposelessness (inactivity), (2) loneliness, (3) negative views of self. ANOVA revealed that (1) and (3) were declined with age, but (2) had no significant age effect. Sex difference was seen only in the third factor items, and no significant interaction was found. The results were discussed in relation to the state of self in adolescence.

著者

道家 瑠見子 村田 光二

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.104-110, 2007-08-01 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

1

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The research into decision-making has shown that people express less regret in a repeating choice than in a switching choice (i.e., the status quo effect). However, recent research has suggested that when a prior experience was negative, less regret was expressed in a switching choice than in a repeating choice (i.e., the reversal of the status quo effect). We conducted a replication using different scenarios to examine the conditions in which those effects would occur. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the valence (positive, negative) of a prior experience and asked the participants to rate how much regret they thought the decision-maker would have felt. As predicted, the status quo effect occurred in the positive-experience condition, and the reversal of it occurred in the negative-experience condition. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the levels of the decision-maker's responsibility. The results suggested that a stronger reversal effect was observed in the high responsibility condition. The limitation and the implication of these findings for regret research are discussed.

著者

中村 早希 三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.119-132, 2019

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<p>This study examines the attitude change process based on the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) in persuasion among two individuals holding different opinions, as the simplest situation of multiple directions of persuasion by different sources. Participants with restricted or unrestricted cognitive resources were asked their attitudes after reading two different persuasive messages: one was a persuasion from in-group member with weak arguments and the other was from out-group member with strong arguments. Cognitive resources were manipulated with a dual task (Study 1) and time constraints (Study 2) to allow either heuristic or systematic processes to predominate. Both studies showed participants were more likely to form their attitudes in response to the persuasion from in-group member, which had positive heuristic cues, with weak arguments under a restricted condition than under an unrestricted condition. This provides evidence that the HSM can explain the attitude change process under multiple-source-and-direction persuasion.</p>

著者

妹尾 香織 高木 修

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.106-118, 2003

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated helping effects on helpers, focusing in particular on volunteers' psychological outcomes (e. g . , a feeling of joy or satisfaction, etc. ) . Study 1 was based on (1) 10 months of field work, consisting of participant observation of volunteer work in an institution for the elderly, and (2) one-to-one interviews of 13 volunteers to examine their helping behaviors. These results were developed into four hypotheses about the factors of helping effects on helpers and their influences. The main purpose of Study 2 was to test these hypotheses by examining the helping effects of 257 middle and elderly-aged volunteers through questionnaires. The main results were as follows : (1) volunteers obtained helping effects through volunteering, which can be divided into 3 components : altruism elevation, establishment of new relationships, and an increased appreciation for life. (2) affirmative evaluation of their own helping behaviors provided helping effects for volunteers. (3) helping effects for volunteers determined whether volunteers are motivated to continue volunteer work.

著者

和田 実

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.67-75, 1993

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to confirm the results on sex differences of same-sex friendship (SSF) and to examine the effects of sex-role type on SSF through emotional self-disclosure and the hope of SSF. Emotional self-disclosure consisted of 9 states of the emotion (as a result of factor analysis, 7 emotions), and the hopes of SSF consisted of 10 contents. Subjects were 246 (92 male and 154 female) undergraduates. Major findings were as follows: 1. Female self-disclosed the causes of the emotion more than male when they were in the state of fear and shame, depression and anxiety, happiness, and calmness. 2. Male hoped companionship of SSF and female hoped interdependence and self-disclosure. 3. Male in high femininity (HF) revealed more self- disclosure than male in low femininity (LF) except in the state of calmness. Male in high masuculinity (HM) hoped more companionship of SSF than male in low masuculinity (LM). 4. Female in HF revealed more self-disclosure than female in LF in the state of depression and anxiety, calmness, and anger. Female in HM revealed less self-disclosure than female in LM in the state of fear and shame, and depression and anxiety. Female in HM hoped more admiration, less cooperation, less self-disclosure, and less companionship than female in LM. Female in HF hoped more cooperation, more sensitivity, more self-disclosure, less information, and less authenticity than female in LF. These findings were discussed in terms of the sex differences of socialization (sex role expectation).

著者

三浦 麻子 稲増 一憲 中村 早希 福沢 愛

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.174-186, 2017

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<p>This research applies spatial statistics to examine proximal factors affecting the political behavior of voters in a regional election in Japan, particularly, voter proximity to the election campaigns of the candidates. During the mayoral election in Akō City, Hyōgo Prefecture, voters' political behavior, attitudes, and awareness of politics were measured using a social survey, the spatial location information relating to candidates' election campaigns being measured using GPS. Voters' favorable perception of a certain candidate was positively correlated to the degree of contact with his election campaign of voters themselves or that of their neighborhood, but not to spatial proximity with his campaign. On the other hand, both the degree of contact and spatial proximity with his election campaign of voters themselves led them to cast their votes for the candidate, even controlling for favorability. It was revealed that there is a possibility for proximal factors to be treated more precisely by applying spatial statistics.</p>

著者

三島 浩路

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.1, pp.41-50, 2003-08-06 (Released:2017-01-13)

被引用文献数

4

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This study aimed, first, to examine sex differences in bullying behavior, and second, to probe for any relationships between "bullying among close friends" and the pupil's social skills and exclusiveness. A questionnaire was conducted, and approximately 450 fifth and sixth graders served as participants. The following results were obtained. Females experienced more bullying from close friends than did males, and this experience was likely to affect relational satisfaction with friends among females more than with friends among males. Furthermore, path-analysis was conducted to determine if social skills and exclusiveness might predict victimization as well as bullying. The path model fit males better than females, with both predictors having significant paths to the two outcome factors, while females only showed exclusiveness as predictive of these factors, and not social skills.

著者

和田 万紀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.47-53, 1989-03-15 (Released:2016-11-23)

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This study aimed to examine the distraction-conflict theory presented by Sanders, G.S. which explains social facilitation in terms of subject's cognitive processes. From his theory follow three testable hypotheses: (1) the conflict between attention to the task and the distraction during performance would facilitate simple task performance through producing drive effects: (2) task performance with the coactor performing the different task would not be facilitated because of the impossibility to obtain comparison information about one's task performance with the coactor's: (3) more attention to the distraction than that to the task would impair simple task performance. 19 male and 16 female subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following four experimental conditions, that is, performing simple task alone, simple task with the auditory distraction, different task from the coactor's, and different task from the coactor's with the auditory distraction produced by the coactor. Results supported the first hypothesis, while the second was not at all and the third was only partially confirmed. These results suggested the necessity to reexamine the distraction-conflict theory.