著者

原田 耕太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.143-152, 2009

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It has generally been expected that inconsistent judgments would have a negative influence on their perceived fairness, and that egocentric bias would force perceivers to make a more positive response to favorable outcomes than to unfavorable ones. In consequence, perceivers with favorable outcomes derived from inconsistent judgments would impair the perceived fairness less than perceivers with unfavorable outcomes. Thus, we can anticipate that this interaction would also be observed in the case of perception of the judge, for the perceived fairness can be considered to correlate with perception of the judge. We had under graduate students (N=270) participating in this study. The results of Analysis 1 supported the effect of consistent judgments, though it did not show the effect of egocentric bias and the interaction we had expected so far. However, the result of Analysis 2, employing a stratified correlation analysis, revealed that egocentric bias could be observed in the perceivers with unfavorable outcomes derived from inconsistent judgments. These findings suggest that framing could be a factor in the appearance of egocentric bias.

著者

武田 美亜 沼崎 誠

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.57-70, 2007

被引用文献数

1

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We examined the effects of relationship intimacy on two types of illusion of transparency when people try to convey, rather than conceal, their internal experience: the message-sender's illusion of transparency (a tendency whereby message-senders overestimate the degree to which their intentions are correctly inferred by receivers) and the message-receiver's illusion of transparency (a tendency whereby message-receivers overestimate the degree to which they correctly infer the sender's intentions). In 2 studies, senders picked up the one among five illustrations which is the best to commumicate one of four intentions. Then they judged whether the receivers would be able to correctly infer their intentions. Receivers saw the illustrations and inferred which intention the senders were trying to communicate, then judged whether they themselves would be able to correctly infer the sender's intention. Results showed both type of illusion of transparency. In addition, the magnitude of the two types of illusion of transparency was greater in intimate relationships than in non-intimate relationships. Effects related to correspondence to audience-design were not found. The results were discussed in terms of interpersonal relationships.

著者

今在 慶一朗 今在 景子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.179-188, 2009

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of treatments by authority in procedure. On the basis of a group-value model and the models that derive from them about procedural justice, group members are interested in group procedure to confirm their identity based on the group. We asked office employees working in a university to rate their superiors fairness and their group-oriented attitude in their organization. We found that a superior's appropriate treatment promotes employees'perception of procedural justice when the employees firmly expected to derive long-term profit in organization, while it promoted the employees' group identity in general. The evidence indicates that people are interested in group procedure because they are not only motivated to confirm their membership but also wish to maintain their group which offers them long-term profit.

著者

竹西 亜古 竹西 正典 福井 誠 金川 智恵 吉野 絹子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.23-33, 2008

被引用文献数

2

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This article aimed to examine psychological fairness in risk communication. We hypothesized that people are motivated to assess the procedural fairness of risk managers through risk messages from them. Thus, the first aim of the study was to reveal the psychological fairness criteria used by people when they read the risk messages regarding a nuclear power plant and an artificial food additive. Using the data on a sample of 408 citizens, SEM (structural equation modeling) revealed two criteria of a fair message: truthfulness and consideration. The truthfulness criterion consists of three elements: accuracy, informational openness, and suppression of concealment. The consideration criterion also consists of three elements: using plain words, respect for people, and voice. The second aim of the study was to examine the structure and efficiency of these criteria in comparing two risk communication settings: social debate and personal choice. The results revealed the same structure and efficiency, so that truthfulness and consideration are commonly used criteria beyond the settings. The results of this study suggested that presenting a fair message with truthfulness and consideration could determine future interactions among people in risk communication.

著者

遠藤 辰雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.12-18, 1986

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We describe the fundamental general features of the milieu of correctional institutions, the first reactions of criminals and delinquents in confinement situations, and their later adjustment to those situations. The first reactions include: relief that the trial is over, hurt and sorrow, wonderment about his or her own sanity, self-pity, anger or resentment toward individuals and society in general, determination to be revenged; despair, defeat; helplessness, suicidal thought, and determination to reform. The later adjustment includes the following types: (1) wholesome; (2) pseudowholesome, (3) maladjusted (including following subtypes-aggressive hostility, compensation, projectin, psychological escape, and actual physical escape), and (4) abnormal reaction (the so-called prison psychosis or prison reaction). But this first reaction and the later adjustment types may be very different in concentration camps or locked mental hospitals.

著者

山本 恭子 鈴木 直人

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.1-9, 2007

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Previous studies have suggested that the expression of smiles while viewing an emotionally loaded stimulus is facilitated by the presence of friends. This effect seems to be mediated by communication motives. If smiles had a communicative function, a person in front of friends would smile not only during the stimulus presentation period but also after it. In the current study, pairs of friends or strangers were videotaped during and after they viewed film clips, which were expected to elicit positive or negative affects; the control group did not have partners. We measured the duration and the frequency of smiles, frowning, and looking at their partners. Smiles were facilitated by the presence of a friend rather than that of a stranger or than being alone. In the post stimulus presentation period, pairs of friends and strangers smiled a lot, but not lone participants. Gazing also occurred during the post stimulus presentation period. These results suggested that the expression of smiles and gazing could be classified as affiliation behavior with partners.

著者

菊池 章夫

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.210-211, 2016-03-18 (Released:2016-03-28)

参考文献数

7

著者

小川 一美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.269-280, 2008

被引用文献数

2

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Change in conversational behavior with the progress of a conversation between two people who have met for the first time was quantitatively examined from the perspective of Verbal Response Modes (VRM: Stiles, 1992 etc.). Participants were 18 pairs of female university students who met for the first time. They participated in 10-minute conversation sessions three times at one-week intervals. All the utterances were classified into VRM, and the frequency and time of the appearance of utterances were measured. Results indicated that internal self-disclosures were often made as the conversation session advanced. More questions were asked and more objective information was conveyed in the first meeting than in sessions thereafter. Moreover, results of time series analysis indicated that a "Disclosure→Disclosure" pattern often appeared as the session advanced. The correlation analysis of the number of utterances of two people suggested various results related to the uncertainty reduction theory (Berger & Calabrese, 1975). Finally, the relation between the number of utterances and the impressions of each session was examined and discussed overall with the change in the number of utterances.

著者

石黒 格 村上 史朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.130-139, 2007

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"Sharing norms" has rarely been studied directly though it is one of the most important key-concepts in self-effacement research. The present study examined the effects of sharing norms on individual behavior by operationalizing the degree thereof regarding self-effacement. Two levels of sharing were measured : in a personal network and in a social system. It was predicted that both levels of sharing would be positively correlated with individual self-effacement behavior. A mail survey covering 12 local communities in Japan was conducted. The results showed that people engage in self-effacement more frequently when 1) positive evaluation and behavior regarding self-effacement were shared in their personal network and 2) behavior regarding self-effacement was shared in the communities where the respondents live. Sharing in a personal network was also correlated with individual attitude toward self-effacement. We discussed the differences of the roles that sharing in a personal network and social system plays in terms of self-effacement.

著者

山浦 一保 浦 光博

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.201-212, 2006

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Subordinates sometimes feel dissatisfaction regarding work-related instruction from their superiors. In such situations, what condition facilitates the subordinates' choice of constructive behavior, such as integrative coping? Analysis 1 suggested that the superior-subordinate relationship and the perceived organization system were important factors that affected the subordinates' choice of integrating behavior toward their superiors. The results of analysis 2 supported hypotheses that the degree of incongruence between the subordinates and their superiors on the orientation influenced the subordinates' attribution tendencies to the superior- or relationship-factor, which affected their choice of integrating behavior. These results suggest that it is important to foster interpersonal relationships that can have superiors and subordinates establish communication to share reciprocal orientation and to maintain the organizational environment to support the interaction.

著者

鈴木 文子 池上 知子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Social Psychology

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.183-190, 2015

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From the perspective of social identity theory, some social psychologists have suggested that heterosexual men espouse negative attitudes toward gay men as a defensive mechanism against threats to their gender self-esteem. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether this gender self-esteem defense theory of sexual prejudice applies among heterosexual men and women in Japan. Our results in principle supported the gender self-esteem defense theory for heterosexual men. For heterosexual women, however, the results tended to be contradictory to the theory. The more positive heterosexual women's gender self-esteem was, the less negative was their attitude toward lesbians. But this link tended to disappear when they were informed that no biological differences exist between heterosexuals and homosexuals. Our findings suggest that heterosexual men and women maintain their gender self-esteem in different manners: Heterosexual men maintain positive gender self-esteem by embracing negative attitudes toward gay men, but heterosexual women do not. Heterosexual women's gender self-esteem may be related to expressing tolerance for sexual minorities.

著者

正木 郁太郎 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.46-55, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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Although past research has pointed out the importance of the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational learning, there is little consensus regarding how they are influenced by one another. In the present research, we attempted (1) to differentiate two components of organizational learning (i.e., single-loop and double-loop learning) and (2) to figure out the effect of organizational commitment, especially “organizational identification” (one of the two sub-factors of the affective commitment) on each of the two components. We conducted an empirical study using mail survey data randomly sampled in Tokyo. As we predicted, organizational learning behaviors consisted of two discriminating components. We also found that organizational identification had a positive effect on single-loop learning but no significant effect on double-loop learning. Furthermore, emotional attachment to the organization (the other sub-factor of the affective commitment) had no significant effect on organizational learning. The result suggests that organizational identification plays an important role to promote organizational learning, whereas emotional attachment does not.

著者

高木 彩 村田 光二

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.216-223, 2005

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The purpose of the present study was to reconsider social annoyance as a discrepancy in normative focus in line with norm-focus theory (Cialdini, Reno, & Kallgren, 1990). We conducted two experiments to examine the hypothesis that a discrepancy in normative focus between the actor and the observer would make the behavior seem less annoying than when there is consistency between them. Results showed that participants who focused on the same norm as the actors evaluated the action as less annoying than those who focused on a different norm. However, the focal norms did not influence the emergence of behavior that was considered social annoyance. Therefore, the hypothesis was partially supported. A discussion on the emergence of social annoyance in terms of norm-focus theory was conducted.

著者

Ishii Keiko Kitayama Shinobu

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.181-186, 2007

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In the present work, we sought to determine whether the tendency to attend holistically to both a focal object and its context, identified among college students in Japan, would extend to non-student adults. We administered two diagnostic tasks of holistic attention to 59 Japanese adults of a wide age range (from 22 to 78). One task assessed the degree to which individuals can ignore emotional vocal context when judging the focal verbal meaning of a spoken word. The other task measured both the degree to which individuals can ignore a square frame (context.) when making a judgment of the absolute length of a focal line embedded in the frame and the degree to which they can incorporate the contextual frame information when making a judgment of the proportional length of the focal line vis-a-vis the frame. In both cases, Japanese adults were quite sensitive to the contextual stimuli and, thus, to failing to ignore the vocal context and the contextual frame. Importantly, these effects were observed regardless of age.

著者

橋本 幸子 尾田 貴子 土肥 伊都子 柏尾 眞津子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.241-248, 2006

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Assuming that sophistication in clothing/makeup has two aspects, we conducted this research for the following two purposes. The first purpose was to develop a scale about two aspects of sophistication in clothing/makeup. A questionnaire was given to 107 female college and university students and their 107 mothers in order to gather data on both younger and older females'. The results of the factor analysis on the data indicated that sophistication in clothing/makeup has two factor structures, "external sophistication" and "internal sophistication". We verified the construct validity between the scale and the lifestyle and habit of clothing/makeup behaviors. For the second purpose, we studied the association between external/internal sophistication and gender personality by generation. As a result of a covariance structure analysis, we found that gender identity promotes external sophistication only in younger females while androgyny promotes internal sophistication in both generations. We also found that internal sophistication promotes external sophistication only in older females.

著者

小城 英子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.89-105, 2003

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On the 27th of May, 1997, an atrocious murder occurred in Kobe's Suma District. The purpose of this study was to analyze eyewitness testimonies in the newspaper and to investigate the relationship between mass media reporting and the formation of criminal images. Eyewitness testimonies, published prior to the arrest of the suspected murderer, were extracted from four daily newspapers (Asahi, Mainichi, Yomiuri, and Kobe), and analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis revealed that the main criminal images of eyewitness testimonies were "the man who carried a black garbage bag" and drove a "black" or "white" car. It was suggested that the factors in the for mation of criminal images were "conformity with schemas and stereotypes, " "amount of reporting, " and "uncertainty of information." It was also argued that mass media played a part in the "theater crime. "

著者

三沢 良 佐相 邦英 山口 裕幸

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.219-232, 2009

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to develop the Teamwork Measure for Nursing Teams and to examine its reliability and validity. Based on the theoretical model of teamwork components proposed by Dickinson and McIntyre (1997), initial pools of items to measure three components (team orientation, team leadership, and team process) were generated. A questionnaire was administered to two different samples of nurses (study 1:N=568, study 2:N=650). The results of factor analyses revealed that every component of teamwork had subcomponents. Team orientation consisted of two-factors ("orientation for completing tasks" and "orientation for interpersonal relations"). Team leadership also consisted of two-factors ("job directions" and "concern for interpersonal relations"). The team process consisted of four-factors ("monitoring and coordination", "clarification of task", "information sharing", and "mutual feedback"), Scores on these subscales revealed acceptable levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Teamwork components positively related to group identification and job satisfaction, and negatively related to incident rates. These results confirmed the validity of the scales. Finally, potential applications of this teamwork measure and the implications for team management practice are discussed.

著者

竹中 一平

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.102-115, 2005

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the 3 points which relate to rumor in everyday conversation, from the viewpoint of interpersonal communication. The first point was the rate of passing on rumors, the second was the relations between rumor and everyday conversation, and the third was factors exerted on rumor transmission. Three hundred undergraduates (Study 1) and 315 undergraduates (Study 2) completed the questionnaires regarding the frequency of their passing on rumors, their relationship with the transmission partner, various evaluations of the contents of it, and everyday topics in conversation. Study 1 was carried out in May, and Study 2 in November. As a result of analysis, it is suggested that rumor fulfills the function of making up for a shortage of topics.

著者

石井 徹

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.224-252, 2005

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Regulative functions of common sense seem to be an interesting phenomena worth investigating, but very few studies have addressed the matter. In this article, we discussed the normative influence of common sense from the perspectives of both common sense as knowledge, and common sense as a norm. A review of the literature was conducted from these perspectives, reflecting upon how they apply to real life. In particular, we discussed the latter perspective with respect to its significance, suggesting research approaches, and raising future directives for research. After reviewing the concepts involved in the study of normative influence of common sense, we discussed the potential contribution of such studies toward our social lives.

著者

泊 真児 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.77-89, 1999

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the seven functions of private space (Tomari & Yoshida, 1998a) with respect to affect and use of place. Five hundred and eighty-six under-graduates completed a questionnaire concerning affect, use of place and the functions of private space. The major findings were as follows: (1) Depressive feelings and irritation were positively related to both the need for space for changing one's mood and introspection. (2) Outdoor spaces can function as places allowing introspection and self-change; spaces to be alone, allowing tension reduction and change in mood. These results suggest that place can be actively used to achieve the functions of private space according to one's emotional state.