著者

鈴木 隆

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.482, pp.135-145, 1996-04-30 (Released:2017-01-28)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The composition of different types of architectural and urban spaces with a courtyard can be identified and explained by what we call the "principle of association of MA(Japanese meaning a room space)" based on two neccessary conditions : an opening for light and air of the MA and an efficient utilization of the site. 1) Different plans of houses with a courtyard result from the principle applied to the sites of various forms. 2) The principle permits to assimilate the galeries to the architecture with a courtyard. 3) The housing estates composed around a courtyard on large sites are a planning choice rather than the necessity of the principle. 4) A block of houses with a courtyard can be reorganized by the rearrangement according to this principle.

著者

山本 ゆかり

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.592, pp.233-238, 2005

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2

---

The purpose of this research is clarifying manifestation of a suburban residential section for "Sumiyoshi-mura" located in the Hanshin area where the suburban residential section's developed in modernization. "Sumiyoshi-mura" is reconstructed and developed in early 20th century. Several points were revealed. "Sumiyoshi-mura" made the land of a village housing site in 1900. Moreover, the many businessmen of Osaka bought the land of Sumiyoshi-mura. "Mototaro Abe" borrowed and developed land from the village. These were before generating of the residential suburbs in Japan.

著者

田村 正

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.531, pp.103-109, 2000-05-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

21

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Large Commercial theaters are often tried to rebuild as complex facilities to increase their business profit. I chose five of these theaters and compared them with simple theaters, in order to evaluate their spatial composition. I analyzed the composition of their mixed use, surveyed their sites, and studied both contextual and programmatic relationship to the neighborhoods around them. I also conducted interviews with their managers. The conclusion is that complex theaters have much more potential for profit than simple theaters.

著者

佐々木 宏幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.747, pp.885-895, 2018 (Released:2018-05-30)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This study focuses on “flexible zone” and Parklet as means to provide outdoor spaces for eating and drinking while utilizing parking lanes. The purpose of this study is to clarify advantages and disadvantages as well as common and different features of “flexible zone” and Parklet, and to explore ways for realizing similar spaces in Japan. A “flexible zone” is a parking lane that is allowed to convert to outdoor dining areas by adjacent business owners with government permission, and three examples, Castro Street in Mountain View, Theatre Way in Redwood City, and First Street in Livermore, exist in California in the United States. On the other hand, Parklet is the program launched in San Francisco that facilitates the installation of public pedestrian spaces on parking lanes. The research on “flexible zone” is based on the previous study by the author and additional field surveys. In addition, with regard to universal design that is conceived as an important aspect for the comparison with Parklet, reviews of documents regarding the operation of “flexible zones” and hearings with an urban designer in charge of the design of all three “flexible zones” have been conducted. On the other hand, with regard to Parklet, reviews of documents and previous researches regarding Parklet as well as a hearing with a city official have been conducted. In addition, field surveys of all “flexible zones” and 26 Parklets have been conducted in order to observe actual conditions and operations. Through the comparison between “flexible zone” and Parklet, the author clarifies common features and differences between them, and then explores 1) their uniqueness as methods of producing outdoor spaces for eating and drinking, 2) their advantages and disadvantages, and 3) ways for realizing outdoor spaces for eating and drinking on parking lanes in Japan. With regard to the uniqueness, both “flexible zone” and Parklet are realized through the cooperation between public and private sectors while paying lots of consideration for design, safety and comfortability. In addition, in both methods, the balance between pedestrian spaces converted from parking lanes and on-street parking spaces is considered and maintained through their permission processes as well as their spatial flexibility. On the other hand, the level of publicness is a primary difference between them, i.e. “flexible zone” is not necessarily open to the public while Parklet is required to be open to the public. With regard to “flexible zone”, effectiveness for the improvement of pedestrian and urban environment, possible safety measures by street design, limited cost burden on business owners, high spatial variability, and appropriate maintenance and operation by business owners are conceived as advantages, whereas substantial cost burden on the public sector and limited use by the public are conceived as a disadvantage. On the other hand, with regard to Parklet, limited cost burden on the public sector, aptitude for phasing implementation, effectiveness for the creation of interactive spaces, and feasibility at various locations and for a short period of time are conceived as advantages, whereas lack of unity of streetscape, limited spatial flexibility, heavy cost burden on business owners, and improper operation are conceived as disadvantages. With regard to ways for realizing in Japan, it is important to consider 1) realization methods in accordance with purposes and existing conditions of a target area, 2) responsibilities, systems and measures for securing pedestrian safety, 3) consistency with related ordinances and their necessary revisions, and 4) introduction of a phasing implementation process through pilot projects, are important in Japan.

著者

植田 瑞昌 八藤後 猛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.750, pp.1447-1457, 2018 (Released:2018-08-30)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 2

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Independent excretion requires disabled children to acquire communication ability and the ability to maintain posture throughout the process of growth. These efforts require a combination of medical care, rehabilitation and education. However, under the current circumstances, teaching and training for excretion are provided at hospitals, rehabilitation facilities or schools when they are not given under home conditions. Further, the need for the development of changing excretion environments along with the growth of disabled children is not referred to. No studies have been found that address these issues as well as appropriate excretion environments based on the stages of growth or development of disabled children from the perspective of architectural planning studies. Consequently, the objective of our studies is to highlight the current situations and environments of excretion among disabled children and the actual conditions of the development of excretion environments based on the stages of growth or development of disabled children (physical/intellectual ability). We conducted a survey using a questionnaire and obtained responses from 729 disabled children. We classified the disabled children based on the physical or excretion conditions into groups that share similar difficulties in terms of excretion environments and analyzed them group by group. Our survey revealed the following: 1. Some disabled children use diapers in spite of no excretion disability. If children have difficulties going to the toilet owing to reason of physical functions, housing environments need to be developed from the perspective of caregivers who assist disabled children with moving. 2. The development of excretion environments would enable disabled children to excrete or change diapers at the toilet. Even though disabled children use diapers at their houses, they would be able to excrete at the toilet using assistance tools or toilet bowls of various shapes at rehabilitation facilities or schools. The development of excretion environments at houses which allow disabled children to excrete without help is needed. 3. Few houses have sufficient excretion environments. Information on how to develop environments at houses or subsidy housing is lacking. 4. Excretion environments at public toilets away from home are highly unsuitable. That they have no table for adults to change children's diapers suggests they do not assume use by disabled children. 5. Children with severe intellectual disability such as sound hypersensitivity, allotriophagy or coprophilia have different issues from physically disabled children with respect to the development of excretion environments.

著者

岩本 馨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.560, pp.305-310, 2002-10-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the "Jofu" system of Mito-han, which means settlement in Edo. The main contents of this paper are as follows. a) From the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, lord usually lived in the Edo estate, and then, in the eighteenth century, vassals of Mito-han began to immigrate to Edo. At first, immigration was encouraged by lord. b) However, the advance of immigration was too rapid to be controlled, and the system of the castle city and the Edo estate had to be transformed critically.

著者

中村 景月 田路 貴浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.777, pp.2455-2465, 2020-11

被引用文献数

2

---

<p> This paper focuses on the early modern urbanization process in the Higashi-Kujo area, the periphery of Kyoto, from the viewpoint of land ownership and land use. Shortly after World War II, extremely densely built up district and illegally occupied district formed in the area, so that the problem of a harsh living environment occurred. In addition, the area was subject to regional discrimination that originated in ethnic discrimination. The purpose of this study is to consider the factors that caused these urban problems through clarifying the urbanization process before the war.</p><p> First, the rural structure before urbanization can be broadly divided into three areas: a village formed around the Takeda Street, and farmland spread east and west of the village. Comparing the farmland in the east and west, the east side of the village are relatively infertile, probably because the east side was the floodplain of the Kamogawa River. Lands in the village was owned by local owners, including small-scale landowners, while farmland in the east and west was owned by large-scale landowners, including absent landowners. In particular, Lands on the north side of the area near the old urban area tended to be owned by absent landowners. It shows that potential urbanization was proceeding ahead of urbanization. In the early Taisho era, factories were located around the villages, and Housing construction mainly in houses tenement houses rapidly progressed around these factories from the end of the Taisho era. However, some farmland and vacant land remained. Also, affected by the rural structure before urbanization, there was a difference in the development of the urban area between the east and west of Takeda Street. Because the southwestern part was more fertile than the east side, it was maintained as farmland. In other words, the east side, which was inferior as farmland, took the initiative in urbanization. In addition, in the margins of the formed urban area, small-scale defective housing districts are scattered, and they were also settlements of Koreans. Especially in the northeastern part of the area, which was close to pre-modern discrimination areas, the concentration of poor people led to the construction of public housing, social welfare facilities, and flophouse.</p><p> Local landowners developed residential land following industrialization while securing the agricultural land in the southwestern part of the area to respond to the shift of the regional industrial structure from agriculture to industry. In addition, as poverty has increased, some have provided lands for the construction of social welfare facilities and public housing. However, each landowner had lands scattered throughout the area, so each landowner developed residential land individually. This is one of the factors that caused the poor residential area to remain small and scattered. On the other hand, some absent landowners were reluctant to convert to residential lands. Many lands continued to be held and remaining farmland was scattered. Especially in the northeastern part of the area, the remaining farmland and vacant land owned by absent landowners became all residential land after land readjustment beginning in the late 1930s and became a sink for extreme population inflow after the war.</p>

著者

徳尾野 徹 横山 俊祐

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.695, pp.39-48, 2014

被引用文献数

1

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The purposes of this study are clarifying as follows for reevaluation of &lsquo;bunka-jutaku&rsquo;.<br>1) trend of supply and demand and change of notion war<br>2) position on local development of nongovernment apartment houses<br>3) meaning as family type apartment house<br>The sources of information for the analysis are advertisements of real estate on Asahi newspaper morning (Osaka) (1952-1976). By result of analysis, it was cleared that as for &lsquo;bunka-jutaku&rsquo;, just negative understanding called a kind of &lsquo;mokuchin&rsquo; is insufficient. &lsquo;Bunka-jutaku&rsquo; was platform for trial that was gradual advancement of living convenience and expansion of unit for needs of nuclear family.

著者

大場 修 山田 智子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.509, pp.197-202, 1998

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 1

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On this study, by picking up town-houses in Osaka-city of modern ages, I drew the personal style and design of modern ages, investigated the characteristics of them. The summary of this study can be given below: ・The Omoteya-zukuri style which was one of characteristics of town-houses in Edo period was succeeded after Meiji period. ・After the middle of Meiji period, Zasiki room was formed in the second floor of town-house, and it tended tobe main room in town-houses. ・Influenced by extensions of streets, three stories town-houses came into existence after Taisyo period. Many of town-houses in modern ages took in western design. Especially facade and shop space of town-houses have remarkable western styles. But the building style of them succeeded the traditional style of old town-houses in Edo period such as the Omoteya-zukuri style.

著者

藤田 悠 斎尾 直子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.733, pp.697-703, 2017 (Released:2017-03-30)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 7

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“Obnoxious facility” is a general term for the facilities that are necessary for society but that people do not want to be located near their habitation. Moreover, the sense of dislike of such buildings is termed “NIMBY”. Until now, incineration plants, crematoria, and other public facilities have been famous as obnoxious facilities in Japan. Recently, however, it has emerged as a big social issue that many nursery schools cannot open because of neighborhood opposition movements. In the 1990s, homes for the aged were also subjected to strong protests against their establishment. It is supposed that the factors of the phenomenon that cause these welfare facilities—which fulfill fundamental social demands—to become obnoxious facilities, or conversely cease to be so considered, include not only the political promotion of their establishment but also changes in social consciousness. This research aims to examine the historical transition of welfare facilities for the aged and children as obnoxious facilities, and to consider the social background and problems. In this study, we examine the newspaper articles on the opposition movements against the establishment of these facilities as the basis to judge whether they became targets of NIMBY. By analyzing the texts of these articles and the specific planned location of homes for the aged and nursery schools opposed by the residents living in the vicinity, we clarify the causal factors of this phenomenon. In Chapter 2, we compare for seven public facilities the change in the numbers of articles on the opposition movements against their establishment to reveal the historical positioning of homes for the aged and children as obnoxious facilities. Both types of facilities experienced a particular peak for the number of corresponding articles. In Chapter 3, we analyze the contents of these articles and the location environment of 23 construction plans for homes for the aged detailed in these articles. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, there were many cases where prejudice against homes for the aged seemed to be most prevalent, but after that period, such cases gradually disappeared. However, due to the lack of site selection procedures in the late 1980s, there were also many cases in which the government began promoting their construction in green spaces, parks, and public squares to secure a comfortable environment for the residents among dense urban areas. We clarify that the number of opposition movements against homes for the aged decreased because people came to accept them and they have also become beneficial for an increasing number of people with the advancement of an aging society. In Chapter 4, we analyze the contents of these articles and the location environment of 15 construction plans for nursery schools detailed in these articles. In the 1970s, there were some movements against nursery schools and a controversy among society over dealing with them as an undesirable noise source. Moreover, since the 2010s, the number of these movements had increased again and it continues to expand more steadily now than in the 1970s. We reveal that the major factors in the growing number of cases in recent years comprise the deregulation of nursery schools executed in the 2000s, the change of the psychological distance to children among society mainly caused by the declining birth rate, and incomprehension of the necessity of nursery school among the elderly who have never used it. With the increase in demand for homes for the aged and children, it is expected that these facilities will increase ever further and that the arguments of the opposition movements will become increasingly diverse. We need to discuss how to promote mutual understanding within local societies.

著者

三浦 詩乃 吉田 宗人 田中 伸治 有吉 亮

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.781, pp.949-959, 2021-03

著者

今田 多映 権藤 智之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.778, pp.2703-2711, 2020 (Released:2020-12-30)

参考文献数

14

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The management of sub-contractors and material suppliers is vital for building construction management which requires a great deal of workers or materials. However, it is difficult to find an appropriate data source for investigating this management information itself, particularly time sequential data. The Shimizu Corporation (“Shimizu-Gumi” in the post-war era) has stored approximately 3,000 construction reports from the post-war era (1923–1941), in which the types of businesses of the sub-contractors or material suppliers is recorded, such as carpentry, plastering, and supply of lumber or cements, among others. The aim of this paper is to investigate the actual condition and the changes introduced in the process of the management of sub-contractors and material suppliers by Shimizu-Gumi in the post-war era. Shimizu-Gumi has been one of the largest general contractors in Japan since the 18th century. The authors recorded the types of businesses of house construction (510 records) and office construction (360 records). Up to 30–36 types of businesses are recorded in each construction report. The authors calculated the “appearance rate” and the “average number of businesses.” The “appearance rate” is the percentage of the construction reports which recorded the name of the target type of business in the total construction reports. The “average number of businesses” is, on an average, how many times the type of business is recorded in one construction report. In some cases, a type of business is recorded more than once in one construction report. The findings are as follows: 1. In house construction, there are 47 types of businesses where the appearance rate is more than 5%, while there are 52 types in office construction, among which 43 types are common. The types of businesses in which the appearance rate is high are carpentry, plastering, and scaffolding, among others. The type of business in which the appearance rate is low is mainly supply of materials, which deals with finishing materials. 2. In office construction, the comparison between wooden construction and non-wooden construction (reinforced concrete, steel, etc.) revealed the difference in the appearance rate or changing process, such as the appearance rate of tiles increasing first in wooden office construction and then in non-wooden construction. 3. The appearance rate increased or decreased in several types of businesses. Some of these changes corresponded to previous studies, such as the increase of “tobi-doko” (the integration of tobi, scaffolders, and doko, earth workers) or the increase of tiles and decrease of bricks. 4. There are approximately five types of businesses in which the average number of businesses is more than 1. In the business of metal doors, according to one construction report, data regarding workers (sub-contractors for construction) and material suppliers are recorded. In future studies, the authors will investigate the names of the workers or companies recorded in the construction reports. This will elucidate the selection of workers or material suppliers by the general contractor, the difference between workers of material suppliers in house construction and office construction, and the changing process of types of businesses by the same workers or material suppliers. In addition, further analysis is required to establish whether these findings can be applied to other general contractors or other types of constructions.

著者

田口 俊夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.735, 2017-05

被引用文献数

3

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&nbsp;Minato Mirai 21 (&ldquo;MM21&rdquo;) is a waterfront redevelopment scheme that blends offices, residential and commercial uses in the center of Yokohama. It is regarded as one of the most courageous attempts at waterfront redevelopment in Japan. It started with a proposal in 1964 by Akira Tamura, an eminent Japanese urban planner. This work was commissioned by Ichio Asukata, a liberal socialist mayor of Yokohama city. They envisaged the relocation of an aging but operational shipyard, harbor piers and railway freight yards in order to create a new site which would connect two existing central districts that had been separated by these industrial estates.<br>&nbsp;Besides MM21, Tamura proposed other novel structural plans as &ldquo;six spine projects&rdquo; for Yokohama, which was then under population influx pressure from Tokyo. Because of the city government's financial constraints and limited planning power, Tamura initiated a paradigm shift in planning principles towards ceasing reliance on paternalistic support from central government. He strongly advocated a local planning approach with local government initiatives and also the introduction of privatization. Tamura wrote numerous books detailing his peerless experiences as a leader of the new urban planning and coordination bureau of the city for ten years. However, a chronological study of his work based on historical facts has not been attempted previously. This research aims to clarify the detailed process for planning and negotiation of MM21. The roles and positions adopted towards the MM21 scheme of the concerned bodies such as the City, Mitsubishi Group, Japan National Railways (&ldquo;JNR&rdquo;), the Yokohama maritime industry, Japan Housing and Development Corporation and national ministries have also been explored.<br>&nbsp;Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (&ldquo;MHI&rdquo;) owned the old shipyard, and Mitsubishi Estate acquired most of the shipyard land, becoming the major landowner in the area. JNR operated huge freight yards within the planned area. As the area was exclusively a harbor district, the maritime industry of Yokohama wished to protect their interests. Tamura prepared a new industrial estate in a newly reclaimed area to relocate the shipyard which made it possible for MHI to expand its production. Tamura negotiated and reached a deal with MHI, but they could not make a decision on relocation due to the extremely volatile economic situation surrounding the ship industry. At the same time, Tamura persuaded JNR to either move or abandon their freight yards, which caused a strong movement of community opposition to the relocation. Tamura envisaged an appropriate size for redevelopment of the Mitsubishi Estate in terms of private investment by minimizing the volume of reclaimed land. By allowing the company to make decent profits from the redevelopment, the construction of public infrastructure and facilities was planned mostly through private contributions rather than public investment.<br>&nbsp;Tamura was later required by the new mayor to relinquish control over the second stage MM21's execution, but Tamura's successors were able to successfully execute the second stage of MM21. Regarding the privatization aspect of the project, Keiichi Ozawa as the new chief urban planner made a breakthrough by persuading the Mitsubishi group and the maritime industry to introduce a land readjustment scheme in the area and also provide a new maritime development area within it. After Ozawa left his role, Ryoichi Hirose, as the next chief planner, helped concerned bodies to reach agreement on the final implementation plan in 1983. Both Ozawa and Hirose were reliable staff members of Tamura's group. Although the redevelopment area was eventually expanded due to pressure from concerned parties, the continuity of dedicated chief urban planners made the project successful over a longer term.

著者

田中 和幸 羽生 修二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.660, pp.495-502, 2011-02-28 (Released:2011-03-31)

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Reinforced concrete buildings lacking seismic isolation need reinforcement in earthquake-prone Japan. Guidelines for reinforcing them, and thereby conserving their historical value, have been set. This paper evaluates reinforcement efforts, focusing on reversibility and original structures, distinctions between the structures and their reinforcements. 76 modern reinforced concrete buildings are considered. Reinforcements must be distinct from original structures; otherwise the line between original structures and their reinforcements can become blurred. Article 12 of the Venice Charter addresses this concern. Additionally, historical monuments reflect cultural diversity. Reinforcements applied to concrete buildings likewise require originality of design, a fact also recognized in restoration guidelines. A third aspect of these structures is the features requiring reinforcement. Weakened points and other problems of a building must be truly reinforced, not simply disguised. Keeping the above aspects in mind, this paper offers advice on how to best reinforce historical reinforced concrete buildings so that people will enjoy them well into the future.

著者

大黒 雅之 アレンズ エドワード デディア リチャード チャン ウイ 片山 忠久

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.561, pp.21-29, 2002

被引用文献数

2 22

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1.はじめに 裸体人体については、部位別の対流熱伝達の研究例も多い。しかし、着衣人体について、有風時を対象として部位別の着衣表面での対流熱伝達率や着衣熱抵抗を測定した例は非常に少ない。2.研究方法 (1)直接法による着衣熱抵抗の評価 人体各部の熱抵抗は(1)式で表され、サーマルマネキンで熱量と皮膚温度が解っていれば、着衣の表面温度を測定することにより、着衣抵抗が直接算出できる。(2)対流熱伝達率の評価 サーマルマネキンにおける人体各部の熱損失は(2)(3)式で表され、各部の総合熱伝達率から放射熱伝達率を差し引くことにより各部の対流伝達率が算出できる。(3)放射熱伝達率の評価 サーマルマネキンにおける人体各部の放射熱伝達率は(4)式で表され、有効放射面積率より各部の放射熱伝達率が算出できる。3.計測方法 (1)サーマルマネキン 計測に用いたマネキンは皮膚温度可変型の女性体のサーマルマネキンで、主に室内の不均一温熱環境の評価用として開発されたものである。部位の分割数は16であり、表面積は表-1、有効放射面積率は表-2のよう求められている。(2)着衣 計測に用いた着衣は下着、綿100%の長ズボン、および綿100%の長袖シャツ、靴下、靴である。頭にはセミロングのかつらを取りつけ、着衣の一つとして評価した。また、人体各部の着衣からの熱損失量を明確にするため、マネキンの各部位の境界をビニールテープで縛り、着衣内での部位間の熱の移動がないよう配慮した。図-1に写真を示す。(3)着衣面積率の計測 立位マネキンを対象とし、2m離れた位置から、裸体、着衣時の双方について、水平方向に45°毎に8方位から撮影し、投影面積の比を平均することにより着衣面積率を算出した。(4)風洞実験手順 風洞の測定部(高さ1.5m、幅2.1mにマネキンを設置した。風洞上流側には、乱れをつくるための高さ1m、直径0.5mの円柱を測定部の上流7mの位置に設置した。表面温度測定は、熱画像をマネキン正面と背面から測定した。熱画像を解析することにより、各部位の正面と背面の着衣表面温度を求め、それらを平均することにより各部位の着衣表面温度とした。実験条件としては、裸体および着衣のマネキンそれぞれについて、正面および背面から風を当てて測定した。設定風速は0.2、0.5、0.8、1.2、2.0、3.0、5.5m/s (裸体では0.8、2.0、5.5m/sのみ)である。4.結果および考察 (1)着衣面積率 部位毎の着衣面積率を表-3に示す。(2)立位の対流熱伝達率 図-2(a)(b)に立位での前方からの風および後方からの風の時の、裸体時と着衣時の対流熱伝達率を示す。裸体では、手の値が大きい。着衣時は全般的に裸体時より大きくなる傾向がある。特に頭や風に対抗した時の胸や背中では裸体時の2倍以上になる。0.8m/s程度ではその差は小さいが、風速が大きくなるに従い、その差は大きくなる傾向にある。その差は正面からの風の時の頭が最も大きい。その他の部位では正面からの風の時の胸、および背後からの風の時の背中での差が他の部位に比べると大きい。(3)座位の対流熱伝達率 図-3(a)(b)に座位の対流熱伝達率お結果を示す。着衣時については、立位と同様裸体時より大きくなる傾向がみられる。着衣時については、立位と同様裸体時より大きくなる傾向がみられる。立位との主な差異は、前方からの風で大腿での裸体時との差が大きい点と、後方からの風の時に頭の裸体時との差が小さい点である。全身の値で比較すると裸体時、着衣時とも、立位と座位あるいは前方からの風と後方からの風で大きな差はみられない。一方、着衣時の値は裸体時より30〜50%大きい。(4)着衣熱抵抗 着衣熱抵抗の測定結果を図-5、6に示す。前方からの風での部位別(図-5)では、大腿、胸、上腕では座位の方が熱抵抗が高く、腰、頭、前腕では座位の方が低い。全身(図-6)の値で比較すると立位と座位で大きな差はみられない。(5)対流熱伝達率と着衣熱抵抗のモデル 表-4〜7に対流伝達率のモデルを示す。モデルはべき乗則(h_c=a(v)^b)で近似される。部位別ではべき指数bが0.4〜0.8とばらつく。全身ではべき指数0.60〜0.69と立位と座位、風向、裸体と着衣で大きな差はない。対流熱伝達の裸体と着衣の差は主に定数aに反映されている。着衣熱抵抗のモデルを表-8、9に示す。モデルは対数則(I_<cl>=a ln(v)+b)で近似される。部位別では定数aが-0.01〜-0.26とばらつく。全身では-0.076〜-0.096と立位と座位、風向、裸体と着衣で特に大きな差はない。5.まとめ 有風時の部位別の着衣抵抗と着衣表面の対流熱伝達率を着衣の表面温度計測により求めた。着衣時は裸体時に比較して対流熱熱伝達率の増大が認められた。また、部位別および全身について対流熱伝達率と着衣抵抗の近似モデルを示した。本論文で求めた対流熱伝達率や着衣抵抗は通気の影響を含むものであり、同タイプの着衣にのみ適用すべきである。

著者

初田 香成

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.590, pp.215-220, 2005-04-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to describe and analyze Hideaki Ishikawa's thoughts on amusement places and their meaning in urban history. Especially this paper deal with three issues as follows. First, we describe his thought diachronically to figure out his origin and it's evolution. Second, we describe his practice in Tokyo during postwar reconstruction to clarify his effect on urban space. Third, we explore the background in urban history which made him to act matters as mentioned. In consequence we clarified that his act was linked to urban problem and trend of academic discourse in those days.

著者

元岡 展久

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.523, pp.271-278, 1999-09-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

1 1

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The Palais Royal has played a central role in the history of theatres in France. It also had an important influence on the town-planning of Paris. In this research I analyse the relationship between the theatres which were built in the Palais Royal and the development of the surrounding area. From the examination of various plans, the different forms of theatres in their built form can be explained in terms of different ideas concerning urban structure. By charting these differences we can see a process of shift from a court theatre to a urban public theatre, which in turn changed the surrounding urban spaces. This analysis thus provides a new understanding of the relationship between theatres and the urban spaces that contain them.

著者

清水 陽子 中山 徹 土佐野 美裕

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.732, pp.423-432, 2017 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 13

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This research aims to explore the nature of the local city which is revealed by the dwelling-place selection trend of Nara’s younger generation. Therefore, this research analyses the tendency and the stated reasons of the younger generation's for relocating. From 2007, the population of Nara - which is the subject of our research - began to decrease, and it continues to decline to this day. Although the percentage of the whole population comprised by the younger generation was 33.1% in 1980, it has since decreased to 23.2% in 2012. Our chosen research method was to use a questionnaire. We distributed 2,000 questionnaires to people moving away from Nara (referred to hereinafter as ‘movers’) and received 467 completed questionnaires. Furthermore, we distributed 3,000 questionnaires to people relocating to Nara (referred to hereinafter as ‘transferers’) and received 850 completed questionnaires. Of the stated reasons for relocating, the four highest ranked are: ‘marriage’, ‘employment’, ‘purchase of a dwelling’, and ‘living with parents, or the neighbourhood ’. These four reasons account for 70 percent or more of the total number of relocations. In this research, we analysed the trend, focusing particularly on these four reasons. Concerning relocations due to marriage, people who lived in Nara up to the age of 30 years relocated due to marriage, and live in privately rented homes in which the rent is comparatively high for a married couple despite their double income. Conversely, for transferers, people lived in their first home up to the age of 30, then moved into Nara for reasons of marriage, with their wife performing the role of a housewife and the couple living in a privately rented house. For relocations caused by employment, unmarried people up to 30 years old moved to homes where the commuting distance was short. For transferers living in privately rented houses, both unmarried people aged 35 and over and married couples thought construction years , the distance of their commute, etc. to be important. For movers relocating due to purchase of a dwelling house, the important factors for people living in a privately-owned house in which the family household is aged 35 and over comprise price, public peace and order , and the aesthetic qualities of the property. In the case of transference, people living in privately owned houses in which the family (including a wife who is a housewife) is aged 35 and over consider construction years, price, and public peace and order to be important. Families aged 35 and over consider proximity to their parents' dwellings to be important, and living together with parents or moving to live close to them may justify moving. Movers tend to live near their parents, while transferers tend to become parents and live together. Movers and transferers actively pursue relocation between neighbouring municipalities. All the respondents were conscious about the importance of purchase price, rental price, and the distance to their workplace (for convenience).Subsequently, the environment in which housing is located (including the beauty of rows of houses, the quality of a landscape, and public peace and order) is considered to be important. By focusing on strengthening the factors considered by people to be important when selecting their dwelling-place, local authorities can increase the attractive power which draws residents to an area. We consider that Nara must improve ‘the distance from a station and a bus stop’ and ‘the beauty of rows of houses and good quality of a landscape’, since these are factors which movers were found to consider as important.

著者

溝上 裕二 平野 吉信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.731, pp.83-92, 2017

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&nbsp;Since unified definitions and methods applicable to architectural programming does not yet exist in Japan, often the contents of the architectural programs and design requirements have submitted before being well clarified. Then designers and their clients have to spend their times before they can finally define the prerequisites and design requirements through repetitious studies relying on preliminarily submitted drawings in the design process. One of the reasons for programming implementation remains in the part may be that its effectiveness of programming works not yet be clarified.<br><br>&nbsp;This Study examined the effectiveness and its mechanism of &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; by researching and analyzing disturbing factors of process issues in project examples that applied this Method.<br><br>&nbsp;At the research and analysis in this Study based on 56 programming case analysis of the project to which the &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; was applied, it identified the process issues and disturbing factors that occurred from the stage of programming proposal to the stage of program hand-off, then it was discussed about the effectiveness of &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; by revealing the mechanism to solve occurred issues.<br><br>&nbsp;In the analysis, eliminating processes of disturbing factors and effective functions of the &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; at each programming phases were extracted, then there were clarified relations between disturbing factors and effective functions of &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; by organizing relation information at the chart.<br><br>&nbsp;As a result, the Study concluded, as the followings,<br><br>&nbsp;(1) In order to establish such architectural programs as to reflect owner's requirements precisely in the projects such as workplace projects which are drawing social attentions today, the &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; may function well, as a tool to or as a body of knowledge to support the best planning and implementation by improving insufficient knowledge and poor experiences of project team staffs.<br><br>&nbsp;(2) The &ldquo;Problem Seeking Method&rdquo; has necessary and sufficient structure, mechanism and tools, consisting of 1) principle of separation between programming and design, 2) framework of programming, 3) method and tools to promote decision making and consensus building, including their combined functions, which may enable ones to treat effectively and flexibly and solve any challenging issue occurred during the programming process from the stage of proposal to program hand-off.<br><br>&nbsp;(3) The structure and system of the Method, especially, &ldquo;3) method and tools to promote decision making and consensus building&rdquo; above can be said that these are the results of continuous up-dating though accumulation and reviews of experienced many cases in the past, and therefore, the Method can function efficiently even in the environment of current architectural projects. It can also be said that the Method can provide practical approach based on the accumulation of actual implementations and related experiences.

著者

加藤 由香 麓 和善

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.644, pp.2257-2263, 2009-10-30 (Released:2010-01-22)

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The Principal Tower of Nagoya Castle was restored on a large scale from 1752 to 1755. This paper evaluates and analyses the restoration process of the tower based on the drawings and specifications which have explained about the temporary constructions, such as: scaffolds and bridges that was built inner and outer of the tower. The historical materials that are connected to the plan of the temporary constructions as mentioned above as a large scale restoration might be limited, particularly in Edo Period. By this paper, those historical materials will be explained in detail.