著者

塩崎 美穂

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.1-9, 2002

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The modern Japanese public day nurseries were formed for the lower strata of society after Kome-Sodo (Popular uprising against increasing the price of rice, 1918) as one of social services. In preceding historical studies on the early childhood care and education, the formation of the public day nurseries is considered to be "enlightenment" by governing classes. Most certainly, the nursery services aimed to support workings of the proletariat and reform poor families as the enlightenment, but in actual practices, nurses groped for "education" which deal with lives of the children who suffered extreme poverty (they were different from children of Kindergartens which the upper-middle classes used). Besides, the nursery services were great help to the parents in poor, and saved lives of children. The public nursery services had big significance of existence.

著者

菅沼 慎一郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.197-206, 2017

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At certain points during our lives, we inevitably experience feelings of resignation (akirameru in Japanese). Recently, mental health professionals have placed greater importance on investigating the role of cognition in resignation. The purpose of this questionnaire survey was to clarify the relationship between resignation and life satisfaction, self-affirmation, and experimental time perspectives (how one experiences the prospect of time), among a sample of university students (300 males and 300 females; mean age: 21.15 years, SD = 1.51). A covariance structure analysis revealed gender differences in the function of resignation. In addition, experimental time perspectives mediated the significant impact of mental health on cognition of resignation. An analysis of variance showed that high mental well-being was associated with high meaningful cognition and low failure cognition. The need for further interventions that focus on the cognition of resignation was discussed.

著者

三浦 太郎

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.267-277, 2006-03-10

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Paul J. Burnette was appointed as the 1st librarian of Tokyo CIE Information Center in 1946 and later worked as the 2nd CIE Library Officer from October 1947 to March 1949. His duty was in line with the ALA's intension, especially (1) support for US library missions and (2) development of library education. When National Diet Library was founded in 1948, he helped advisers, such as, Verner Clapp, Charles Brown, and Robert Downs. Burnette was also organized both training program for NDL staffs and IFEL library course. He was concerned with promotion of school librarianship and establishment of public library law, too. He discussed with Japanese school library leaders about editing and publication of a guide to school libraries and with influential public librarians about principle of free library use and need for Library Board. But, activity as the Library Officer was supposed to be limited by CIE organizational system.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.97-107, 2016

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The purpose of this article is the content analysis of university advertisements placed in the exam-study magazine "Keisetsu-Jidai" during the 40 years following World War II. Especially focused on the graphics (non-textual matter), it traces universities' publicity activities and their transformation. Findings were as follows. 1) Buildings pictures have been used as a symbol of reconstruction of universities during postwar Showa era. 2) Chat scenery of students and laboratory pictures has increased since the late 1960s. 3) Portraits placed only one student also increased after the late 1970s. It is assumed that these changes reflect the transformation of the image for university.

著者

武石 典史

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.87-96, 2006-03-10

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This paper probes which kinds of educational institutions developed from schools in the miscellaneous category into junior high schools by analyzing the current of secondary education in the early years of the Meiji Era Tokyo. In the first decade of the Meiji Era, private schools teaching the study of Chinese classics were predominant over those giving Western study. However, the trend gradually turned from the former (""classical knowledge"") to the latter (""modern knowledge""), as national institutions of higher education attached importance to modern knowledge in their entrance examination. In this situation some schools that offered modern knowledge and preparatory education for the entrance examinations developed into junior high school. And many aspirants desiring social success left their hometowns for Tokyo, especially such the schools, to acquire the knowledge. In conclusion this paper proposed that the strong point of the schools played a key role as centripetal force of modem Tokyo

著者

中澤 篤史 西島 央 矢野 博之 熊谷 信司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.317-337, 2009-03-10

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In secondary school of Japan under the current national curriculum (course of study), the club activities had not been corroborated institutionally despite that they were very important aspect of schoollife alike lesson activities. But on the coming national curriculum, it has described that club activities should be related with school curriculum properly, especially paying attention to circumstances or situations of each school. Nevertheless it had not got such information and those data. In this paper we'll endeavour to illuminate the circumstances about adviser-teacher of club activities, the relations of teaching on club activities to guidance, also to the other school affairs from the questionnaire survey to teachers in the Tokyo metropolitan area and seven prefectures, Iwate, Niigata, Shizuoka, Nara, Kagawa, Yamaguchi, and Kagoshima./ We will deal with the following issues in this paper. 1) School survey; the relations between the size of schools and club activities, the obligation on participation in club activities, assignment of adviser-teachers, school aims concerning club activities. 2) Teachers survey; circumstances of club activities, the management system of club activities and coaches, teachers'experiences about club activities, management and coaching, the other school affairs, teachers'opinions concerning coaching and teaching.

著者

佐藤 一子 森本 扶 新藤 浩伸 北田 佳子 丸山 啓史

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.321-347, 2005-03-10

被引用文献数

1

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This paper intends to discuss some theoretical issues of Action Research as a methodology of educational research. Action research has been developed in the field of social investigation, especially in workplaces. In the 1970s, some argument was brought out on the cognitive problems in social science and on the way of understanding of the world, not only as the objective existence but as emergent and interactional forms constructed with others. Also, Participatory Research has been created through adult educational practices in developing countries, and research networks have been constructed by International Council of Adult Education. Theoretically, this movement was first influenced by the philosophy of Paulo Freire. Considering these historical backgrounds, our discussion will focus on some controversial issues of AR and PR; a) problems of practical or reflective knowledge derived from the process of research; b) relationships between researchers and participants; and c) attributions as a way of inquiry. Finally, we examine some problems of validity of AR or PR.

著者

高橋 美保

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.149-157, 2006-03-10

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Due to the change of the labor market, it is said that Japanese working consciousness has been changing. The purpose of this paper is to pursue the questing asking ""What is the characteristic of Japanese working consci ousness"". Firstly, the various words which have some relation to the word ""working"" were examined. It was found that the notion of working itself has been changing historically, and the word ""working"" has multifold meanings. Secondly, Japanese working consciousness was pictured based on the theoretical studies and research, and was also investigated from the aspect of its historical and international originality. Finally, the prospects of future studies on Japanese working consciousness were proposed.

著者

荒井 英治郎

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.401-410, 2007-03-10

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The purpose of this paper is to describe contemporary phase of the controversy about governmental subsidies for private educational institution. Subject of research is Article 89 of the Constitution, it means, No public money or other property shall be expended or appropriated for the use, benefit or maintenance of any religious institution or association, or for any charitable, educational or benevolent enterprises not under the control of public authority. This paper reexamines various theories concerned with legislative intent of latter clause of Article 89 and the meaning of "under the control of public authority", and clarifies the point of controversy.

著者

佐藤 佳淑

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.237-246, 2016-03-31

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Deciding not to have a child leads to childless status throughout the life span. However, relatively little is known about the long-term women's experience of being childless after the choice. The present paper aimed to report a brief review of research that explored how women's experience of being childless affects their psychological aspects, throughout the life. First, the article reviews the process of becoming childless, focusing on women during and a few years after their infertility treatment. Next, it presents of the review of empirical research on psychological well-being outcomes and its factors, among childless women at middle age and beyond. Finally, after pointing out the issues of previous research, it provides new directions for future research, especially, in Japan.

著者

山口 恭平 田口 賢太郎 松本 郁恵 関根 宏朗

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.21-39, 2012-03-10

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In recent years, difficulties in living together with disparate others are discussed in the educational theory. Among such difficulties, we take up what originates in desire, especially sexuality. First of all, desire itself is examined refering to theory of A. Kojève and that of G.Bataille. Next, based on the analysis of desire, we examine three subjects. First, we take up 'queer pedagogy', whose purpose is to undo identities of subjects through reading. Second, we consider the possibility for sexual minorities themselves to undo others'identities through writing, taking up some works of O.Wilde. Third, unavoidable risk of sexuality in public sphere is examined through rethinking about thought of E.Fromm.

著者

岡田 美和子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.191-200, 2015-03-31

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Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee whose responsibility is to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research and to facilitate human subjects research. The establishment of an IRB at universities is required by administrative guidelines in the government of Japan. However, there are large variations in qualities and methods of IRBs among universities. This paper demonstrates how the regulations and expanding purview of IRBs have had effects on the qualities and outcomes by analyzing the review reports published.

著者

藪垣 将

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.419-426, 2013-03-10

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Taylor & Brown(1988)review articles and show positively biased perception as a normal human thought, and researches of positive illusions are started from this review. This study reviews previous research on positive illusions in both overseas and Japan, and then explores how the definition of positive illusions has been changed and how the methodology of measurement of positive illusions has been developed. Also, the author selectively reviews some of the significant studies that have been made toward understanding the effects of positive illusions with the purpose of showing main issues in previous researches. As future tasks, the author proposes that collecting hierarchical data and using of hierarchical analysis such as hierarchical linear modeling or pairwise approach, more contrivance on measurement of positive illusions, more qualitative researches, and more longitudinal studies are needed.

著者

奥村 大介

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.1-13, 2014

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Mesmerism or animal magnetism, which a German-born heterodox physician, Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) founded, was the therapy by so called "magnetic fluid". Since nineteenth century, people have become suspicious of the existence of magnetic fluid and mesmerism's medical efficacy. But afterword, mesmerism continued to have important effects on the cultural history from the era down to modern times, for instance in the fields of opera, ballet, literature, paintings, social thought, psychoanalysis, alternative medicine, etc. This paper discusses the cultural morphology of mesmerism and mesmeric representations from W. A. Mozart to Kurosawa Kiyoshi, a cineaste in modern Japan.

著者

太田(福島) 美穂 武藤 芳照 青木 秀憲 朴 晟鎭

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.505-554, 1996-12-20

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This research has thoroughly studied the actual situation and the recent trends of doping in sports, looking closely into the responses taken by the parties concerned in recent doping cases and throwing light upon the backgrounds and the very essence of doping itself. The aim of this study is to indicate the task we are facing in the fight against doping. The banned substances and procedures of doping has both increased and diversified in the recent years, and so is the percentage of actual positive test results increasing. Doping in sports has spread across the globe. Japan is not an exception to this; there has been cases where a competitor has tested to be positive. Many of the anti-doping activities are taking place, including doping control, and these activities are being reinforced. However, when looking closely into the responses taken by the parties concerned in major doping cases in the past, such as the case of Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson, we have noticed that not in all cases were the responses taken fairly and impartially acording to the regulations and prescribed procedures. The commercialism, nationalism! and heroism of modern sports and the competitors'attitude to "rely on materials" cause temptations towards doping and are the backgrounds of doping. We have reached the conclusion, that it is necessary to fully recognize the immorality of doping in both regions of sports competition and medicine, and the fact that doping is an act of depriving the competitor of his/her liberty, humanity and human rights. And this recognition must be passed on to the competitors and instructors through appropriate education.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.129-138, 2016-03-31

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In this paper, I examined the speeches delivered by successive presidents of the University of Tokyo at entrance and graduation ceremonies after the war by using quantitative text analysis which had never been used in this field. Then I tried to find out how their self-awareness to the university and the organizational identity have been changing since post-war. Followings are what I found out. While every president has a certain common trend in his self-awareness to the University of Tokyo, some parts are reflected on both the situation of the times (i.e. political background, institutional context and public opinions) and each president’s individual character.

著者

井田 頼子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.51-60, 2016-03-31

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the students’ decision of their own routes from the Japanese High School in Shanghai to universities in Japan. From the interview research and fieldwork research, it is revealed that the number of international schools or schools where teaching and learning language is English has been increased recently, and Japanese students can have more school choices. On the other hand, the students of the Japanese High School in Shanghai learn based on the Japanese public curriculum, and they tend to study for entering universities in Japan, not in other countries, and tend to apply for taking entrance examination tests of School Recommendation Exam or General Exam. This result explains that the students of the Japanese High School in Shanghai study with more nationalistic perspectives even living in a globalizing city and it is necessary for them to study hard to be selected within the limits of School Recommendation Exam that are reliable routes to university in Japan.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.111-132, 2015-03-31

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It is argued that those professions have been “deprofessionalized” or “proletarianized” since the 1990's. In this paper, I especially focused on medical doctors and lawyers associations in postwar Japan to examine those debates. Then I analyzed their conflict for jurisdiction and fees.

著者

古壕 典洋

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.135-144, 2012-03-10

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the nature of university correspondence education in the establishment of the period. I think if we consider the nature of university correspondence education, and it is inconsistent with freedom of teaching and learning this "schooling" we need to ask the principle and the relationship. However, in former research, the reason why "schooling" exists in the public education system of a university correspondence education is not clarified. I would like to consider how a university correspondence education and "schooling" had caught by the policymaker and a correspondence education actor. As a result of the study, university correspondence education institutions founded in the establishment of the period, the teaching and learning is a form of non-contiguously assumption that teaching and learning activities. Therefore, it is always "fatal weaknesses" and "intrinsic flaws" of structural problems, would more constantly summon new allegations. Therefore, I clarified that the university correspondence education has the nature for which what is contradictory to the free nature of its teaching and learning must be taken in.

著者

水野 将樹

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.185-195, 2004-03-10

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Trust is mentioned as one of the most desired qualities in many relationships. However, there has not been enough researches on trust. As first, this paper provided an overview of psychological studies on trust and then suggested classification of these studies into 2 major groups (one with 3 sub-groups) based on a type of trust; trust as a personal trait and trust as a trait of relationships. Having reviewed Japanese researches on trust according to this classification, the integration of studies was found to be important. In addition, a multi-dimensional approach and a distinction between trust and security are thought to be useful.