著者

大場 一義 今村 嘉雄 中野 八十二 岸野 雄三 成田 十次郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, 1964

著者

秋山 央 中川 昭 都澤 凡夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.381-398, 2009-12-10 (Released:2010-02-13)

参考文献数

27

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The aim of this study was to enhance the game performance of player S, the setter for the Ts University men's volleyball team, who was having problems with respect to “using combination attacks purposefully to limit the number of blocks by the opposition”-which is one of the main responsibilities of the setter-by using the “Performance Evaluation Criteria for Setters”. In order to achieve this aim, we analyzed the game performance of player S for the fall season. Based on this analysis, we derived some goals for improvement that were required for combination attack setting.Next, we worked on theoretical issues in player S's game in the light of what we had clarified. This corrected combination attack setting method was then put into practice in the fall season league games. We then examined the game performance of player S in the fall and spring seasons, and compared the results. This analysis showed that, when setting for combination attacks, those in which the hitters do not cross paths and where the setter was in the front row with only two front row hitters had a significantly higher rate of compliance with the evaluation criteria in the fall season than in the spring season. It therefore followed that there was a significant increase in the rate of compliance with the evaluation criteria for all combination attacks. As a result, it can be concluded that this study's aim of improving the game performance of player S with respect to “using combination attacks purposefully to limit the number of blocks by the opposition,” using the “Performance Evaluation Criteria for Setters”, was successful.

著者

黒木 俊弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, 1967

著者

橋本 勲 梅田 利兵衛 長谷川 純三

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, 1967

著者

橋本 勲 梅田 利兵衛 長谷川 純三

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, 1968

著者

津田 喜久子 内海 千恵 岸本 弘子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, 1969

著者

坂本 将基 高柳 暁斗 安東 大輔

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.1-16, 2024 (Released:2024-02-06)

参考文献数

28

---

This study investigated the characteristics of visual behavior in skilled kendoists while judging the validity of strikes. A total of 19 expert and 19 novice kendoists were asked to judge the validity of strikes for men (head armor), do (side trunk covered by a stomach and chest protector), or kote (lower forearm covered by a gauntlet). Simultaneously, the participants' eye movements were recorded at 30 Hz, and the location at which their gaze was directed was identified. Additionally, the pupil area was calculated for each frame. Both expert and novice kendoists focused on the striker's shinai (bamboo sword) during the phase from 900 ms to 600 ms before striking, and on the site struck during the phase from the moment of striking to 300 ms after striking. However, during the phase from 600 ms before the strike to just before the strike, the experts tended to switch their gaze from the strikefur's shinai to the striking site earlier than the novices. Furthermore, the pupil areas of the experts were correlated with their years of experience in judging the validity of a strike to the men. The gaze behavior specific to expert kendoists, such as observing the striking area during the phase just before striking while exhibiting intense scrutiny, may be related to their superior ability to judge the validity of strikes.

著者

久保 正秋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.243-256, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 2

---

This study examines the temporality of the experience of sports movements. First, it makes a quantitative comparison of sports based on Nakai's argument, and discusses how qualitative objects of sports movements are transformed into quantitative objects through quantitative comparison. Second, this study considers the objective and quantitative time in sports and argues the relationship between the means and the end. Finally, this study discusses the subjective and qualitative recognition of time in sports and the experience of sports movements as “semantic generation.”The results of this examination were as follows: 1)  Sports are indicated as quantitative concepts such as scores and records. These quantitative aspects of sports are compared quantitatively according to the elements of competition in sports. Sports movements are also measured and analyzed quantitatively based on quantitative comparisons. Even qualitative aspects of sports movements such as kinesthesises of players can be transformed into quantitative data. 2)  The tendency for quantitative transformation reflects the recognition of time in sports. Both objective and quantitative time are important. Time proceed continuously in a straight line from the present to the future. The present time becomes the means to an end (the future). Similarly, sports movements become a means to an end. The results of sports movements (i.e. the future) such as scores, records and winning, or health and socialization, are more important than practice of sports movements (the present). 3)  Differences in time recognition exist in sports. The subjective and qualitative recognition of time is called vertical time. For vertical time, the moment of practicing sport (the present) is essential and is not a means to an end (the future). In the moment of sports movements, physical experience as “semantic generation” arises.This study concludes that the physical experience as “semantic generation” in the moment of sports movements (the present) is the essence of sports. However, this qualitative experience of sports movements is likely to be a means to an end (the future). Because qualitative aspects of sports movements are transformed into quantitative aspects, they are at all times dependent on the element of competition in sports.

著者

山田 理恵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.15-30, 1989-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The purpose of this paper was to clarify the influnce of the activities of German war-prisoners in the Bando P.O.W. (prisoner of war) Camp on the development of sport and physical education in Tokushima where the Camp was located. The historical materials used for this paper were collected mainly from newspapers and "Keibi-Keisatsukan-Hokokusho" which was a report on the German prisoners' life in the Bando P.O.W. Camp written by Japanese police sergeants. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: Students and teachers of some elementary and secondary schools went to see German prisoners, activities such as Turnen, football, tennis, and hockey. And several prisoners visited schools to coach them for Turnen. In "German war-prisoners' variety show", German prisoners introduced their Turnen and sport activities such as gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, weight lifting and dance to students and people in Tokushima. "Japan Martial Arts Association Tokushima Branch" set up "Meeting for the Study of German Martial Arts" and invited eleven German prisoners to perform wrestling, boxing and fencing matches. Then the Association sent two Japanese members to the Camp to do further study of those activities. This friendly communications with people of Tokushima which was brought from the German war-prisoners' Turnen and sport activities gave a significant influence on sports in Tokushima, and this fact should not be neglected in the consideration of the history of sport and physical education in Japan.

著者

比留間 浩介 尾縣 貢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.201-213, 2011 (Released:2011-07-08)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 4

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of physical fitness in baseball pitchers and infielders focusing on variations in power output ability and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) ability in field tests. Twenty-five male university pitchers and 22 university infielders participated. They performed five kinds of jumping (Standing triple jump (STJ), Standing double leg triple jump (SDTJ), Standing long jump (SLJ), Counter movement jump (CMJ), 5 rebound jumps (RJ)), and five kinds of medicine ball throw (Overhead throw (OT), Back throw (BT), Push of upper limb (Push), Shoulder horizontal adduction (SHA) and Twist of trunk throw (Twist)). Push, SHA and Twist were performed purely concentrically (concentric throw: CT) and with SSC movement (rebound throw: RT). These powers were assessed using the Throw index (Tauchi et al., 2006), and pre-stretch augmentations (Walshe et al., 1996) were calculated. It was found that: 1) OT, BT and SDTJ in pitchers were significantly higher than in infielders, and that there were significant correlations between pitched ball speed and OT, BT, and SDTJ. 2) Push RT-index and Push CT-index in infielders were significant higher than in pitchers, and significant correlations were found between thrown ball speed, batted ball speed and Push RT-index and Push CT-index in infielders. 3) SHA augmentation in infielders was significantly higher than in pitchers, and there was a significant correlation between thrown ball speed and SHA augmentation in infielders. 4) Twist of trunk power did not differ between pitchers and fielders. These results indicate that baseball pitchers and infielders obtain different physical fitness characteristics through the differences in their movement forms and required abilities.

著者

宮地 美帆 山崎 朱音 片岡 千恵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.551-559, 2021 (Released:2021-08-18)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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In recent years, a number of health issues among adolescents in Japan have become highlighted. One of the major issues in school health is thinness among high school girls. Thinness is closely related to low energy intake, which can lead to menstrual dysfunction and low bone density. It is important to acknowledge these issues as health disorders that are specific to girls, and to consider measures for their prevention. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current situation of health disorders specific to high school girls, and to examine their level of awareness about them. Between March 2018 and February 2019, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey targeting 1,551 high school girls from 10th to 12th grade in 32 schools across 7 prefectures. This revealed that 18.7% of the girls were classified as “thin” based on Body Mass Index. In addition, many girls (more than half) had one or more signs of low energy intake, menstrual dysfunction, and history of stress fracture. The survey indicated signs of health disorders specific female high school students, suggesting that this is an important issue that needs to be addressed. The results also indicated that knowledge regarding health disorders was insufficient, as the overall correct answer rate was 50% or less. This was partly related to the presence or absence of health disorders specific to girls. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify the relevant factors that ought to be considered for comprehensive education designed to prevent health disorders specific to girls.

著者

久保 正秋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.183-196, 2009-06-30 (Released:2009-11-05)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

12 6

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This study examined the value of experience of sports movements. First, it examined the social significance of sports movements based on Lenk's argument, as well as that of sports movements themselves on the basis of Yano's article. Second, we considered the practice of sports movements as a physical experience from the viewpoint of “semantic generation.” Finally, we argued the value of sports movements as a physical experience.The conclusions of the study were as follows:1) Sports movements are “integrated into socially institutionalized and restricted frameworks” (Lenk) and “interpreted as an expression of one's own accomplishment within a conventionalized framework” (Lenk) so that sports movements have value in terms of socialization.2) However, based on Bateson's theory of cybernetics-which suggests that the world consists of three parts: the individual system, the social system, and the ecosystem-sports movements also have intrinsic value as a physical experience. Humans are confined to the individual and social systems every day, but can become part of the ecosystem through the physical experience associated with sports movements.3) Sports movements are rule-bound, physical, and burdened by goal orientation. Being limited by rules disrupts everyday movement (thanatos), while goal orientation brings the resolution into the ecosystem at the instant of achievement (which is experienced as eros). Thus, the values of sports movements can be explained.This study concluded that the value of experiencing sports movements is to bring individuals into connection with the world (ecosystem). However, experience of sports movements is likely to result in transformation from the hyper-social experience into the social experience, as sports movements are integrated into the socially institutionalized setting.

著者

鈴木 健介 浅井 武 平嶋 裕輔 中山 雅雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.261-275, 2021 (Released:2021-04-29)

参考文献数

29

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In soccer, as the number of goals determines victory or defeat, the top priority of soccer attacks is to score goals. In many competitions, more than 70% of goals are scored by shooting from within the penalty area (PA). Thus, entering the PA is an important factor in scoring goals to win games and advance in a tournament. However, as no previous research has analyzed in detail attacking play involving entry into the PA, players are unable to receive effective coaching. Focusing on the group stage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the present study compared attacking play into the PA between top-ranked teams that advanced (top teams) and lower-ranked teams that were defeated and did not advance (lower teams) in order to identify the characteristics and differences of the two groups. Samples were obtained from all 48 games played in the tournament at this stage. For statistical analysis, the unpaired t test and c2 test were used. No significant inter-group differences were found in the number of attacks or entering the PA and the number of shots, but the top teams had higher success rates in shooting and attacking, suggesting that they had excellent finishers or created better shooting situations. With regard to movements for receiving passes by players who entered the PA, the top teams showed a higher frequency of moving from the outside to the inside of the PA and receiving passes there, suggesting that their players received the ball as they moved toward the PA. Moreover, compared to the players of lower teams, they received passes inside the PA when no opposition defenders were in the attacking direction. These findings suggest that players of top teams evaded marking by opponents by receiving the ball while moving toward the PA. Furthermore, since top teams had higher scoring rates when their players dribbled into the PA, they likely had players more highly skilled in dribbling, thus resulting in goals.

著者

佐々木 万丈 青柳 佳奈

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.463-477, 2022 (Released:2022-06-15)

参考文献数

41

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how female high school tennis players recognized their opponents' physical features and outfit, whether or not those features affected player performance, and the extent to which this recognition was related to the level of sports competition trait anxiety and competitive psychological ability. The study subjects were 64 female students (mean age 16.9±.72 yr) who belonged to a high school tennis club. We created 15 questions relating to the physical features and outfit of their opponents and asked the subjects to what extent they were concerned about each feature, and whether each feature had a negative, positive, or zero effect on their performance. In addition, for each subject, we applied the trait anxiety inventory for sports and the diagnostic inventory of competitive psychological ability for athletes. The results revealed that players with fewer years of competitive experience and those with less competitiveness tended to be more concerned about their opponent's physical features, such as their height, physique, and skin tan, as well as the characteristics of their outfit, such as the color and design of their uniform and their racket brand. They also considered whether such features had a negative effect on their performance. Players who showed high trait anxiety, as well as those who had lower psychological competitive ability, were particularly concerned about features of their opponent's outfit. It appeared that their impression of the opponent's physical ability and expertise was significantly affected by the opponent's outfit. Finally, we investigated the psychological skills required to avoid being negatively affected by the features of opponents, and defined a number of issues for future study.

著者

菊地 邦雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.67-74, 1971-10-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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筋トレーニングの方法を分類すると,等尺性筋収縮を主とする静的筋トレーニングと等張性筋収縮を主とする動的筋トレーニングに大別されるが,各々のトレーニングを行つた際の筋肥大の現象を赤筋線維,白筋線維に分けて組織学的に検討することを目的とする.静的筋トレーニングは, ラットを木につかまらせて体重を支えさせる方法,動的筋トレーニングは, トレツドミル走を行わせた.実験結果は次の通りである.(1) ラット下肢筋の各筋重量は,静的筋トレーニング及び動的筋トレーニングにおいて増加する.(2) M.tibialis ant.の全横断面積の増加率は,静的筋トレーニングでは,赤筋線維15.0%,白筋線維11.1%であり,動的筋トレーニングでは,赤筋線維13.2%,白筋線維19.4%であつた.(3) 筋線維一本当りの平均横断面積に及ぼすトレーニングの影響は,全横断面積の場合と同じ傾向を示した.

著者

中須賀 巧 阪田 俊輔 杉山 佳生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.623-639, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

3 1

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Causal relationships among perceived motivational climates in physical education classes, goal orientations, and “Zest for Living” were investigated reciprocally in junior high school students. This longitudinal study involved 1045 junior high school students (mean age = 13.9±0.8 years) who completed questionnaires on 5 occasions at 2-month intervals throughout the academic year. The measures used included a questionnaire on motivational climates in physical education (mastery climate, cooperative climate, and performance climate), a scale assessing goal orientations (student task orientation and student ego orientation), and a scale assessing Zest for Living. The validity of the 5-wave cross-lagged effect model was verified using structural equation modeling. The results of the study suggested the following processes: (1) The mastery climate and cooperative climate had positive causal effects on Zest for Living. (2) The mastery climate and cooperative climate had positive causal effects on Zest for Living through mediation of task orientation, and exhibited a positive cycle. (3) The performance climate had positive causal effects on ego orientation, but negative causal effects on task orientation. In conclusion, to enhance Zest for Living in junior high school students, it is important for teachers to cultivate a mastery climate and cooperation climate in physical education classes. In addition, the performance climate in physical education classes has an indirect negative impact on Zest for Living.

著者

笹子 悠歩 上野 由花 山下 なつみ 山本 正嘉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20054, (Released:2021-01-15)

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to research the influence and characteristics of weekly hill walking by comparison with habitual walking in elderly people. The hill walkers in this study were the members of a mountaineering group who do about 3.5 hours hill walking more than twice a month, and the walkers were the members of walking groups who go walking more than once a week. Both hill walkers and walkers who have continued the exercise more than two years and people over 50 were extracted and analy analyzed. Time for one walking was 1.5±0.8 hours. The frequency and exercise volume per week were 1 time (19 Mets· h/wk) in hill walkers and 4 times (26 Mets· h/wk) in walkers. The contents of the questionnaire survey were age, sex, the reason for starting each exercise , period of duration, chronic diseases and changes in the subjective sense of well well-being. As a result, the prevalence rates of chronic diseases were lower than the general average values of the same generation, and more than half of people realize positive changes in the subjective sense of well well-being after starting these exercises in both groups. On the other hand, more people in the walking group than those in the hill walking group realize ‘’My walking speed increased’’. In contrast, the prevalence r rate of diabetes i n hill walkers was lower than that in walkers, and a high percentage of hill walkers feel improvement of knee pain and amelioration of physical strength. Significant differences were detected in these points. In addition, the proportion of peo ple who realize psychological changes was higher in weekly hill walkers. More specifically some items such as ‘’I have a wider circle of friends’’, ‘’My life became fulfilled’’, and ‘’I can feel refreshed’’ were recorded high scores, and they showed signif icant differences. In conclusion, this study leads to the suggestion that 3.5 hours weekly hill walking has potentially positive effects on some items regarding health, physical fitness, and the mental state compared with about 1.5 hours walking 4 times a week in elderly people.

著者

藪中 佑樹 亀谷 涼 山田 弥生子 土屋 裕睦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.419-435, 2022 (Released:2022-06-04)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

2

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The aims of this research were to develop a scale that can assess generalization of the psychosocial skills used in competitive sports to other life domains for collegiate athletes, and to examine its characteristics and related factors. In a preliminary study, the generalization areas identified were study, career selection, relationships, and everyday life. Furthermore, 71 items representing 4 generalization areas were developed based on 10 dimensions of the required life skills for collegiate athletes (Shimamoto et al., 2013). The items were reviewed by 8 experts to confirm the content validity. Subsequently, factor analysis was conducted using the data collected from 262 participants (162 males and 100 females) to select a list of items. The initial 40 items were extracted and the content validity for all items was developed. In the main study, a total of 391 university student athletes (234 males and 154 females, and 3 not specified) were asked to respond to a questionnaire. The survey included questions about socio-demographic and psychosocial skills used in competitive sports (Ueno and Nakagomi., 1998), required life skills for athletes (Shimamoto et al., 2013), and questions about factors related to generalization (similarity of action and awareness of generalization possibilities). In addition, they responded to 40 items designed to assess generalization of the psychosocial skills used in competitive sports to other life domains derived from our preliminary studies. Confirmative factor analysis of the generalization of psychosocial skills items indicated a 10-factor structure with 30 items. Reliability was verified in terms of internal consistency. Convergent validity was confirmed by correlations with psychosocial skills used in competitive sports and required life skills for collegiate athletes. The scale derived from these results was named the “Generalization Scale of Psychosocial Skills for Collegiate Athletes” (GSPS-CA). In terms of demographic variables (gender, grade, and individual or team events), gender and grade differences were observed in some dimensions of the GSPS-CA, and individual or team event differences were not observed in any dimension. One-way ANOVA of each dimension of the GSPS-CA revealed interaction with factors related to generalization (similarity of action and awareness of generalization possibilities).

著者

山田 理恵

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.415-428, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 1

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The game of dakyugi (literally, “hitting-ball-game”), involving 3 components of play (hitting a ball, throwing a ball, and pushing of opponents), is a traditional stick game that has been passed down to the present in Kuwana City (Mie Prefecture).   The purposes of this study were to examine the process of the game's revival and cultural features, and to clarify the significance of dakyugi as a traditional sport in regional development through sports. The materials used in this study were mainly collected through fieldwork at the Rikkyo Area Great Meeting and interviews with members of the preservation association, as well as investigation of historical sources.   In the Meiji era, dakyugi had been played as a bravery game by boys in the Kuwana gijyuku, which inherited the idea of the Rikkyou-kan, a school in the fiefdom of Kuwana. Although dakyugi declined after World War II, it was revived to mark the 150th anniversary of Matsudaira Sadanobu's death in May 1978.   Today, dakyugi is performed at the Kuwana Municipal Rikkyo Elementary School supported by the Dakyugi Preservation Association. Boys and girls of the school play the game at the athletic meeting held jointly by the school and Rikkyo area community. The game of dakyugi in Kuwana is noteworthy in promoting the behavior pattern and style of samurai culture that characterized the Edo era. In addition, dakyugi is considered to play an important role in the revitalization of provincial cities and in the establishment of local regional identity.   The significance of traditional Japanese culture is emphasized in the present school education program. The current study indicates that traditional Japanese sport culture can play an important role in regional development in Japan.

著者

山地 啓司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.183-193, 1985-12-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

3 1

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The intent of this bibliographical review was to examine the highest Vo_2 max values of top athletes. The highest mean Vo_2 max values were reported in the case of 8 male Germany Olympic oarsmen and 5 male Swedish top cross-country skiers, and 5 female Finnish cross-country skiers and 6 female American long distance runners: 6.16 l/min, 82.6 ml/kg.min, 4.03 l/min and 68.8 ml/kg.min, respectively. The highest individual Vo_2 max values for male were 7.77 l/min reported in one of the oarsmen winning the Olympic Gold Medals in 1968, and 94ml/kg.min observed in a cross-country ski champion in Norway. Furthermore, the highest individual Vo_2 max values for female were 4.44 l/min in a Russian cross-country skier, and 77 ml/kg.min in an American long distance runner and a Russian cross-country skier.