著者

鈴木 秀人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.409-427, 2021

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Hirobumi Daimatsu was a legendary sports coach in Japan, especially after coaching the Japanese women's national volleyball team ("the Oriental Witches") that won the World Championship in 1962 and the gold medal in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games.<br> He was famous for his extreme training methods and had a great influence on coaching methodologies for Japanese sports as a whole. Although many studies have examined his way of thinking from various perspectives, the relationship between his war experiences and his approach to coaching has not been analyzed sufficiently. The present study aimed to examine how Daimatsu's first-hand war experiences ("keiken") developed into his coaching beliefs ("taiken"), focusing specifically on a theory created by Yoshida that war veterans' understanding of their experiences had been changing over time from when they re-entered society and grew older. Yoshida made this transformation clear by referring to 5 periods since the end of the Second World War in 1945.<br> Firstly, many demobilized soldiers including Daimatsu had to face civilians who hated the Japanese military just after defeat. They lost their morale, from 1945 to around 1950 could not talk about the military or the War. Secondly, even after former professional officers and wartime politicians had been rehabilitated, the veterans themselves still found it difficult to positively address some topics related to the War in the 1950s.<br> Thirdly, the generation that had experienced the War who shouldered the responsibility of reconstruction from the destruction and devastation gradually gained confidence and became able to talk about their wartime experiences. Some of them discovered a positive meaning in their own experiences on the battlefield from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. Daimatsu was a typical example of the third period because he spoke clearly about the positive meaning of his war experiences.<br> Penultimately, in the 1970s and 1980s, that generation of Japanese became able to accept the responsibility for the War, especially in Asia, and to gradually acknowledge the negative aspects of their experiences. Finally, in the 1990s, a small number of survivors chose to disclose tragic stories that had not come to light previously.<br> Thus, Daimatsu was only one of a generation that had experienced the War and who became recognized as a spokesman for many of that generation who held common feelings.

著者

縄田 亮太 石井 泰光 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.111-122, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of different ball distances on the upper and lower limbs for the overhand pass in volleyball. Eleven male college volleyball players participated. The subjects performed the overhand pass toward objects located at three different ball distances (3, 6, and 9 m) on two force platforms, and motion analysis was performed via a motion capture system comprising 12 high-speed video cameras.The following results were obtained: (1) As the ball distance increased, the maximum dorsal flexion angular velocity of the wrist decreased, whereas the length of the pull phase, the vertical peak force on the rear leg, the maximum extension angular velocity of the hip and knee, and the maximum plantar flexion angular velocity of the ankle all increased. Therefore, adjustment of the ball distance for the overhand pass was facilitated by changing the impulse of the ball caused by increasing the intensity of both the rear leg step and the wrist stiffness. (2) In the previous instructional manual, the buffer action for the falling ball during overhand passing was facilitated by flexion of the whole body. However, in this study, the buffer action was facilitated conducted only with the upper limb irrespective of the ball distance. From the viewpoint of the series of movements during overhand passing, the whole body was used in the period from flexion to extension, but the flexion action of the whole body was incorporated into the preparatory phase, and the buffer did not involve the lower limbs after ball contact.This difference between the previous instructional manual and the present findings are attributed to the imprecise definition of movement phases in the manual.

著者

竹﨑 一真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.687-704, 2019

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In postwar Japan, the United States (US) could be viewed as Japan's "significant other." The US had a considerable cultural impact on Japan and was responsible for alterations in postwar Japanese identity. Of particular importance was the influence of the US on the popular view of body form. The postwar restructuring of Japan's national identity included the adoption of new views of the body as a result of US influence. This study investigated the culture of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) that emerged in Japan during the postwar period of occupation, and revealed how "male beauty" consciousness was generated in relation to nationalism by focusing on (1) the social context in which "male beauty/body culture" emerged and (2) the changes in conceptions of masculinity and body consciousness. This analysis yielded the following results:<br> (1) Bodybuilding emerged in the social context of the occupation/reconstruction period and from a masculine crisis of male feminization in Japan. It was developed by the Japan Bodybuilding Association (JBA) as part of a movement to create "new Japanese men".<br> (2) However, bodybuilding was criticized as being feminine, linked to homosexuality, and leading to a useless "Hercules-type" body.<br> (3) In response to this criticism, the JBA shifted its aim from the acquisition of a burly, Herculean build to one of a healthy and functional ("Hermes-type") body that represented harmony between the body and the spirit. The aim of this shift was to gain legitimacy for bodybuilding as a masculine act.<br> In addition to these aims in trying to help create "new Japanese men", the JBA also intended to legitimize male bodybuilding culture within a national context, seeking to popularize and expand its activity by criticizing the American "Hercules-type" body while promoting the "Hermes-type" body preferred in Japan. In this way, discourse concerning the legitimacy of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) culture developed in conjunction with nationalism, and created an important forum for consideration of the ideal Japanese male body form.

著者

小澤 哲也 金沢 翔一 長野 康平 浅川 孝太 中村 和彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20092, (Released:2021-05-28)

著者

渡辺 一志 辻 幸治 米山 富士子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.405-411, 1993-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In archery, highly reproducible release is required during shooting to get a good score.Shooting in archery consists of eight different techniques. The last phase of these techniques is follow-through, which all eight have in common. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the muscle activity at follow-through and performance. In ten healthy archery club members, we recorded the muscle activity of six regions from both sides of M.deltoideus (pars acromialis), M. trapezius (pars ascendens), M. trapezius (pars descendens) by means of electromyogram. Integrated electromyograms of 1 second each at the aiming phase and the follow-through phase were calculated in order to evaluate this technique. The results obtained in this study were: 1) The skilled archers sustained high level (above 80%) muscle activity in the follow-through phase. 2) A significant correlation (r=0.791 r<0.05) was observed between the muscle activity on the draw side and the best score in a single round.3) The performance in archery was effected by the continuation of muscle activity in the shoulders, the neck and the back at follow-through. The continuation of muscle activity in the draw side seemed to be especially significant for archery performance.

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20144, (Released:2021-05-12)

著者

岡田 悠佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20142, (Released:2021-03-04)

著者

阿江 数通 小池 関也 川村 卓 中島 亮一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.135-149, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limbs in relation to the rotation movement of the body based on the moment of the ground reaction force. Twenty-two male collegiate baseball players (age: 19.8 ± 1.3 yr, height 1.75 ± 0.04 m, body mass 73.9 ± 6.2 kg, athletic career:12.1 ± 2.1 yr) participated. They performed baseball tee-batting, set at middle ball height for the strike zone. Threedimensional coordinate data were acquired with a motion capture system (Vicon-MX), and ground reaction force data for both legs were acquired with 3 force platforms. High and low groups (HG and LG) were categorized by the mean peak moment around the vertical axis of the body’s center of gravity caused by the ground reaction force. The period analyzed was that from stride-side foot contact with ground until ball impact, and 2 phases were defined as follows: backward phase, stride-side foot contact with ground until the peak moment of the ground reaction force; forward phase, the end of the backward phase until ball impact. Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent t-test between HG and LG (p <0.05), and the effect size was calculated (small: d = 0.2; middle: d = 0.5; high: d = 0.8). In the backward phase, the flexion angle of both hips was greater in the HG than in the LG at event1 (pivot-side: d = 0.74; stride-side: d =0.97). The abduction angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (stride-side foot contact with ground: d = 0.94; peak moment of the ground reaction force: d = 1.44). In the forward phase, the external rotation angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (d = 1.02), which contributed to the inter-group difference in the internal rotation angle at the instant of stride-side foot contact. These results indicate that the motions of both hip joints acted to rotate the whole body around the vertical axis effectively. The knowledge obtained from this study should provide useful suggestions and insights into coaching for movements of the lower limbs in order to improve batting performance in relation to the rotational movement of the body.

著者

高橋 和孝 篠原 秀典 吉田 拓矢 浅井 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20076, (Released:2021-04-06)

著者

笠野 英弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20096, (Released:2021-02-23)

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0812080087, (Released:2008-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

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The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.

著者

林 直亨 宮本 忠吉

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.137-143, 2009

被引用文献数

4

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To investigate the effect of resistance training at lower than the recommended frequency (2&ndash;3 times a week) on muscular strength, we recruited 103 college students (67 males 61&plusmn;8 kg, 36 females 51&plusmn;4 kg, mean&plusmn;SD) who had never regularly engaged in resistance training. They performed resistance training in a PE class once a week for seven to ten weeks. We measured one repetition maximum (1 RM) for the bench press and arm curl, and the girth of the thigh and upper arm before and after the training. The training included stretching, three sets of ten repetitions on a bench press, half squat lift, arm curl and three types of training chosen by each subject. The weight load was 10 RM, which was progressively increased; when the subject succeeded in lifting a load ten times at the first set, the load was increased in the following week. After the training period 1RM was increased by more than 10% compared with that before training, for either the bench press or the arm curl, in all subjects. The 1 RM for the bench press significantly increased from 46&plusmn;9 kg to 54&plusmn;9 kg in males, and from 22&plusmn;4 kg to 28&plusmn;5 kg in females, and that for the arm curl also increased significantly. No significant change was found in the girth of the thigh and upper arm. On the other hand, 49 male students who undertook softball in a PE class did not show any significant change in 1 RM after the eight-week control period, compared to that before the period. These results demonstrate that resistance training at a frequency lower than the recommended one increases muscular strength in college students, possibly through adaptations in the nervous system.

著者

出口 順子 長谷川 健司 清川 健一 菊池 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20065, (Released:2020-11-18)

著者

高津 勝

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.313-332, 2010 (Released:2010-12-28)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 1

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This article expands some historical perspectives on “popular sport” based on the following three case studies: (1) Interactions between foreign sport and rural sumo wrestling in the village of Shiojiri, Nagano prefecture, during the Taisho Democracy Period. (2) The historical development of traditional Japanese boat racing in the area known as Tamaeura in Hagi, Yamaguchi prefecture. (3) Modern reconstruction of folklore and physical competition following the agrarian revolt known as the “Chichibu Jiken” in Saitama prefecture in 1884. Having to compete with festive folklore, the main emphasis of physical education and sport in modern Japan was placed on civilization and enlightenment. Thus, the establishment aimed to develop thrifty and hard-working citizens who served the state and capital. However, there were moments when opposition, deviation and autonomy occurred in the daily lives of the masses, and it was clear that they could not be controlled unitarily. For the masses, traditional physical competition and sport were not only hobbies, forms of entertainment or means of improving self-discipline or physique, but also provided a medium for expressing their desire for solidarity and social growth. What is “popular sport”? It is not a solid cultural entity but a complete panorama of physical competition and sport from the viewpoint of the masses. The “history of popular sport” aims to analyze and represent this phenomenon historically in relation to the total sphere of daily life. In such research, the concept of the masses has significance in terms of “method”, “standpoint” and “strategy”.

著者

笹生 心太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20019, (Released:2020-09-12)

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18026, (Released:2018-09-07)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the exertion of torque and motion related to the generation of mechanical energy in both hip joints during baseball batting. The participants were 98 male amateur baseball players (body height: 172.6±5.6cm, body weight: 70.3±8.1kg, age: 19.0±1.9yr, career: 11.0±2.8yr). The batting motion was recorded using a motion capture system (10cameras, 250Hz), and the ground reaction forces acting on each foot were estimated using 2 force plates (1000Hz). Hip joint angles were expressed as Euler angle of the thigh relative to the lower torso. Hip joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Other kinetic variables–e.g. hip joint torque power, mechanical work by hip joint torque–were also calculated. The main results were as follows: 1. Throughout the analysis phase, there was no significant correlation between the bat head speed at impact and the angles of both hip joints. 2. For the hip joint on the pitcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by flexion and adduction torque was large during the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. 3. For the hip joint on the catcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by extension torque was large in the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. These results suggest that there are no differences in the kinematics of both hip joints depending on the bat head speed at impact. In addition, it is indicated that the ability to exert flexion and adduction torques for the hip joint on the pitcher side and the extension torque for the hip joint on the catcher side during baseball batting motion contribute to the generation of mechanical energy.

著者

高岡 治子

出版者

Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.525-538, 2010

被引用文献数

1

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Japanese married women only began participating widely in sports after the Tokyo Olympic Games in 1964. It is often said that sports activities by housewives indicated their liberation from isolated domestic life, thereby promoting gender equality. However, close examination of the systemic characteristics of the 'Mothers' Volleyball' movement (based on its ideology, competition rules and the nature of its routine activities) has shown that these activities possess both a recycling structure that releases housewives from their homes temporarily and reflects the participants' 'housewifeliness', thereby reinforcing the separation of roles between the sexes.<br> In order to clarify by whom and for what purpose this recycling structure was created, this paper focuses on the organizing bodies (sponsor organizations, supporting companies and other bodies that organized and ran the national championships, incorporating the systemic characteristics of Mothers' Volleyball), analyzing the reasons for their involvement with the movement and the benefits they derived from it. The results show that the periodic reflection of housewifeliness, which housewives needed in order to continue in their role as housewives, was necessary for the economic and social benefit of all the organizations involved, and that this is why these organizations committed themselves to the movement.<br> Participating in sports freed housewives from the routine of daily home life, and activities such as helping to organize competitions promoted their socialization and changed their image from that of 'isolated housewife' to 'sporting housewife' and further to 'independent housewife'. The recycling structure mentioned earlier can therefore be thought of as being a directional spiral, and the organizing bodies that ran the national championships can be said to be its drivers.<br> This spiral, which helped to reproduce 'housewifeliness', supplied society with good-quality labour for sustaining Japan's rapid economic growth, which was a political issue in the 1970s. The participation of housewives in sports as one of the activities of parent-teacher associations and women's associations can also be said to have contributed to local revitalization, another political topic at that time. Meanwhile, making sports one of their routine, repeated activities made housewives' lives more satisfying, so that Mothers' Volleyball acted as a medium for the formation of a conjugate relationship between housewives and society.<br>

著者

半田 徹 加藤 浩人 長谷川 伸 岡田 純一 加藤 清忠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0907160099, (Released:2009-07-20)

参考文献数

27

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The purpose of this study was to examine muscle activities during seven traditional different free dynamic exercises designed to strengthen the abdominal muscles. Eleven adult men with experience in weight training were asked to perform three repetitions of LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, RSU, LR and SLR. Activities of the upper rectus abdominis (URA), lower rectus abdominis (LRA), external abdominal oblique (EAO), and rectus femoris (RF) during the hip flexion and hip extension phases of each exercise were examined by electromyography (EMG) and analyzed using root mean square (RMS) values. The following results were obtained: (1) The mean RMS values for the URA were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The value for the same muscle was larger during the TC exercise than during the LSU, BSU, TSU, and LR exercises. The mean RMS value for the LRA was largest during the RSU exercise, while that during the SLR exercise was larger than those during the LSU, BSU, TSU, TC, and LR exercises. (2) The mean RMS value for the EAO was largest during the SLR exercise, while that during the RSU exercise was second-largest and that during the TSU exercise was third-largest. The mean RMS values for the RF were larger during the RSU and SLR than during the other five exercises. The smallest value for this muscle was recorded during the TC exercise. (3) In most of the exercises, RMS in the hip flexion phase was larger than in the hip extension phase, and each muscle exhibited a knee flexion phase/knee extension phase ratio of between 0.5 and 0.8. However, the ratio for EAO and RF exceeded this range. (4) The muscle activity for the RF muscle in the RSU and SLR exercises was large, implying excessive stress for the lumbar vertebrae. Nevertheless, these exercises induced active muscle activity, and appeared desirable to perform with sufficient attention to safety.These results suggest that RSU and SLR exercises are the most effective movements for stimulating the URA, LRA and EAO. Moreover, TC is an effective movement for training the URA, and TSU is an effective movement for training.

著者

村田 宗紀 藤井 範久

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.413-430, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

9 4

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motion and ball spin in tennis serves. Ten male university tennis players participated. The three-dimensional coordinates of the players performing flat, kick and slice serves were collected using a motion capture system with 8 cameras (250 Hz). Similarly, the three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers on the ball were also collected (500 Hz). The primary variables computed were: racquet face velocity and direction at impact, velocity and angular velocity of the ball after impact, hitting point, angles of the upper limb joints, and segment angles of the upper trunk. The differences in racquet face velocity among flat, kick, and slice serves were divided into the following terms: 1) ΔVposture: A difference in velocity resulting from a change in upper trunk posture, 2) ΔVswing: A difference in velocity resulting from a change in arm swing (kinematics of the upper limb), 3) ΔVutrk: A difference in velocity resulting from a change in upper trunk translational and rotational motion. Repeated measures ANOVA (p<0.05) with Bonferroni multiple comparison was used to evaluate the effects of changes in form (with differences in ball spin) on each parameter. The findings are summarized as follows.1)  The impact point and swing direction were mainly controlled not by a change in arm swing motion, but by a change in upper body posture.2)  To generate ball spin, it is necessary to avoid a head-on collision between the ball and the racquet (a normal vector of the racquet face is parallel to the racquet face velocity vector). Therefore, players decreased the amount of upper trunk leftward rotation in kick and slice serves at the point of impact so as to swing the racquet more laterally.3)  It is necessary to swing the racquet more vertically in order to lean the rotation axis of the ball. Therefore, players controlled the upper trunk leftward-rightward and forward-backward leaning in a kick serve at the point of impact.4)  Changes in upper body posture cause changes in the direction the racquet faces. Therefore, players mainly controlled their elbow pronation-supination angle in order to maintain a racquet face direction that satisfies a legal serve.

著者

後藤 一成 崔 鳥淵 大山 卞 圭悟 高松 薫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.383-393, 2003-07-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

1

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本研究では,レジスタンス運動における代表的な負荷方法であるStrength-up type(S-type)の運動とBulk-up type(B-type)の運動と負荷特性の相違を,動作中の筋放電量(実験A)と運動後の成長ホルモンの分泌量(実験B)の両面から検討することを目的とした。実験A,Bともに,被験者には健常な一般成人男性8名を用い,S-typeの運動とB-typeの運動をそれぞれ異なる日に行わせた。運動には,実験Aでは片脚による膝伸展運動を,実験Bでは両脚による膝伸展運動を用いた。実験A,Bともに,S-typeの運動においては1RMの90%の負荷を,セット間に3分間の休息をはさんで5セット行わせた。これに対して,B-typeの運動においては,1-3セットは1RMの80,60,40%,4-6セットは70,50,40%,7-9セットの間には30秒間,3-4,6-7セットの間には3分間の休息をはさんで,合計9セット行わせた。両運動ともに,いずれのセットにおいても動作は可能な限り反復させた。主な結果は以下の通りである。(1)各セットにおける反復回数は,S-typeの運動では3-8回の範囲にあったが,B-typeの運動では8-24回の範囲にあった(実験A,実験B)。(2)各セットにおける大腿直筋,外側広筋,内側広筋の%mEMGを平均化した値は,S-typeの運動では等尺性最大筋力発揮時の値とほぼ同様の水準が維持されていたのに対して,B-typeの運動では,3セットごとにみるとセット数が進むにつれてて低下したが,9セット全体でみると徐々に増加する傾向が認められた(実験A)。(3)各セットにおけるFmeam/%mEMGは,s-typeの運動ではいずれのセットにおいても一定の水準が維持されていたのに対して,B-typeの運動ではセット数が進むにつれて大きく低下する傾向が認められた。(4)運動後の血清成長ホルモン濃度は,B-typeの運動がS-typeの運動に比較して著しく上昇し,両運動間には運動後のいずれの時間においても有意差が認められた(実験B)。また,血中乳酸濃度も,B-typeの運動がS-typeの運動に比較して高値を示した(実験A,実験B)。(5)運動後における大腿囲の増加率は,B-typeの運動がS-typeの運動に比較して有意に高値を示した(実験A,実験B)。(6)運動後におけるMVCおよびMRFDの減少率は,いずれもB-typeの運動がS-typeの運動に比較して有意に高値を示した(実験B)。上述の結果は,S-typeの運動とB-typeの運動における負荷特性には,神経系の改善と筋肥大に関連した要因から見てきわめて大きな相違があること,およびこれらの相違が両運動のトレーニング効果の差に影響を及ぼす可能性があることを示唆するものである。