著者

松本 良夫

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.111-125, 1967-10-08

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This articls aims to analyse interrelationships among boy's social origin, school achievement, educational attainment and delinquency, based on the result of the research project entitled "Comparative Study on Adolescent Delinquency in Industrial Societies" planned by Jackson Toby, an American sociologist. The project aims to compare subcultural delinquency in several societies in relation to the attitude of young people, and their social origin and educational attainment. Problem; In this interrelationships among adolescent delinquency are treated as a dependent variable, differential attitude toward education (educational attainment, school achievement) as intervening vasiables and boys' socio-economic background as an independent variable. Procedure; 6172 boys born in 1942 selected from graduating classes of 30 public junior high schools in Tokyo were traced back to their attitude toward J.H.S. education, educational career and delinquent acts recorded by the police. Results; I. Of the 6172 J.H.S. graduates, 415 boys were arrested by police by the time they reached 20 years of age. Rate of delinquency was 6.7%. II. Rate of delinquency i) by social class ii) by educational attainment and iii) by school achievement in J.H.S. are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3. i) Larger per cent of boys from bluecollar families than from white collar families have records of delinquency. ii) Higher the educational attainment of boys the less likely they have delinquent records. iii) The lower the school achievement of boys in J.H.S., the more likely they have delinquent records. III. Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the interrelationships i) between social origin (S.O) and educational attainment (E.A) and delinquency (D)., ii) betweend S.O and school achievement (S.A) and D., iii) between E.A S.A and D. i) Difference of delinquent late (d.r) by E.A within the same S.O is larger then by S.O within same E.A. ii) Difference of d.r. by S.A within same S.O is larger than by S.O within same. S.A. iii) Difference of d.r. by S.A within same E.A is larger than by E.A. within same S.A. Figures 4 indicates associations of each pair in terms of coefficient. S.O -D:0.10, E.A-D:0.17, and S.A -D:0.22, S.O -E.A:0.45, S.O -S.A:0.23 and E.A -S.A:0.55.

著者

潮木 守一

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, pp.7-25[含 英語文要旨], 2008

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At 1954, Professor Yoshihiro SHIMIZU of Tokyo University emphasized that the Educational Population Study could be a major topic in the field of the sociology of education. He was well informed regarding contemporary research trends in French sociology, and was very aware of the importance of the Population Study. Since then, several students in the sociology of education have engaged themselves in the study of educational populations. Governments have compiled statistics on education like student population, number of teachers and educational expenditure. In some countries these statistical data can be traced back to the middle of the 19th century. The first scholar who attempted a systematic analysis of such governmental educational statistics was Friedrich Edding in Germany. In 1957, he published International Trends in Educational Expenditures. In this book he compared trends of educational expenditures in several countries since the middle of the 19th century. From this time-series comparative study he drew the conclusion that countries which had attained a similar level of economic development should have similar sizes of educational systems and similar sizes of investment in education. In 1961, he presented a keynote paper to the OECD conference on "Economic Growth and the Investment in Education" along with Svennilson and Elvin, pointing out the existence of a strong correlation between the enrolment ratio and per capita GNP of OECD member countries. At the same time, they examined the ratio of educational expenditures to GNP, and they broke down 5 components which determine the ratio of educational expenditure among GNP, like proportion of school age population among total population, enrollment ratio, ratio of average teacher salary against GNP p.c. and per-teacher student ratio. This formulation has made possible international comparison of those educational indicators. Furthermore this formulation has made possible the simulation of educational expenditure allocation. This simulation model is now used by various international cooperation agencies to make clear trade-off relationship between various educational indicators. Stimulated with these research trends overseas, several Japanese students of educational population has started to analyze the trends of Japanese educational population based on modified models which have been developed in oversea countries. The author, who studied with Friedrich Edding since 1968, forecasted required numbers of high school and educational expenditure necessary for this expansion in 1974. Since then, various research outputs have been produced in the field of educational population studies. One major task facing this field of study is to extend the research perspective beyond the borders of one country. With globalization, movements of educational populations should no longer be confined within one country's borders. A second task is to encourage follow-up studies to ensure the quality of research outcomes in the field of educational population studies. Japanese scholars of sociology of education produce a large research output every year. However, most lack connections with the outputs of their colleagues. Outside people are much interested with those research outcomes, but most of the outcomes are not verified objectively by colleagues. Therefore, outside people are skeptical about whether these findings of particular experts are reliable because of the lack of follow-up studies. Recently, there have been strong opinions in factor of "Evidence-based policy." To put this into reality, we need to vitalize the cross-check studies, follow-up studies on research output done by our colleague researchers in the field of educational population studies.

著者

片岡 徳雄

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.193-208, 1961-10-20

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We have many researches about "influences of mass-communication upon children. These studies have taken, I think, a grave view of the forces of circumstance. Therefore, first, they found out the correlation between mass-communication and children, but not the causal relation; second they seemed to assume the 'direct' influences upon children through mass-media. To analyze the influences of mass-communication upon children we must distinguish pre-existing relations from after-effects brought about by mass-media, and set the intervening variables-e.g. the reference group or the interpersonal relations-between mass-media and children. Thus, according to the Katz and Lazarsfeld's assumption-'the two step flow of communication'-, I want to investigate two following social events, and to illustrate the relations about mass-communication, small group and children: 1) the participation by the senior high school students in the demonstration of the struggle against Revision of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty. 2) some of cants among the school children influenced through the catch-phrases, which were used by some of the comic talents of TV. From the first study, I clarify that some of the senior high-school students who regarded their family as their reference group seemed to take part in the demonstrations, and the others who regarded their friends as their reference group seemed not. From the second, I illustrate that the children set a high value on the comic talent's cants in their play group, but set a low value on the cants in their study group.

著者

辻 功

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.82-98, 1956-10-20 (Released:2011-03-18)

著者

末次 有加

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, pp.213-232, 2012-06-15 (Released:2013-06-17)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2

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本稿は,ある公立保育所における発達障害とされる幼児への「特別な配慮」の実践に着目し,その実践がどのようなものであるのか,また,その実践がその場全体にいかなる意味や影響をもたらしているのかについて検討することを目的としている。その際,健常児同士のトラブル場面と発達障害児と健常児の場面を取り上げて比較し,それぞれへの保育者の対応の違いを明らかにする。分析の結果,以下の二点が明らかとなった。 第一に,発達障害とされる幼児への「特別な配慮」は,最初からそれとして行われるのではなく,その場の人々の相互作用を通じて状況依存的・協働的に作り上げられていくものであるということである。 第二に,障害のある幼児への「特別な配慮」の実践は,その子どもをクラス内で可視化・差異化する実践であることが観察可能となった。しかしながら,それは,クラス集団から障害児を切り離す実践というよりもむしろ,健常児と障害児との間にある差異を双方に確認させ,両者の関係を媒介するような働きかけとして行われていたのである。 以上の知見は,従来の医学・心理学的アプローチにおいて提出されてきた子どものニーズを実体的・抽象的に把握してなされるような「特別な配慮」とは異なる。加えてそれは,健常者と発達障害者とのコミュニケーションのありようを再考していく契機となりうるものであると考える。

著者

中島 葉子

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, pp.247-267[含 英語文要旨], 2007

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The aim of this paper is to examine relations between Japanese and foreigners in terms of educational support in communities from the perspective of the maintenance and change of relations. The paper clarifies the relationship by analyzing the gaze and interactions between undergraduate students and the newcomer children to whom they provide educational support. Previous research has discussed the educational problems of newcomers in the context of Japanese school culture. However, in order to focus on the relationship between Japanese and foreigners and to explain the maintenance and changing of the power of majority, it is necessary to study not only the school but also the relations in the community. In addition, some practical research focuses on educational support activities for newcomers, but is based on experiences rather than a theoretical background, and tends to find that support activities by NPOs have the potential to revolutionize the social system. However, some argue that relations between the majority and minority can be asymmetrical in the context of voluntary support. Therefore, this paper analyzes qualitative data, examining whether asymmetrical power relations between Japanese and newcomers are built or not within support activities in a community by an NPO, and how the relations are maintained or changed. The author interviewed and observed three undergraduate students participating in an NPO that provides educational supports for newcomer children. The following findings are obtained. First, the undergraduates had asymmetrical relations with the newcomer children, as they problematized the children's behavior. However, opportunities stemming from conflicts with the children led to the dissolution of the asymmetrical relations over "problems," as the undergraduates asked "questions" to understand the children. Second, while asymmetrical relations were maintained over "support," there was also a change in the relations with the children and parents. When the focus of narration is the worth of support activities rather than relations with newcomers, the categories of "Japanese who support foreigners" and "foreigners who are supported by Japanese" are fixed, and the asymmetrical relations are maintained. On the other hand, when a person has personal relationships with newcomers, and renarrates the problems and needs of newcomers as his/her "own problems," the asymmetrical relations change. If Japanese supporters consider the relations between themselves to be more important than those with newcomers, they become blind to their asymmetrical relationship and conceal it under the story of "support." This leads to a paradox of support under which relations are fixed as long as Japanese support newcomers. However, if Japanese re-narrate the needs of newcomers as their "own problems," they can free themselves from the asymmetry and create alternative relations with newcomers Previous research failed to sufficiently examine the power relations in support activities. Only looking at the positive side of support by NPOs, however, can blind one to the asymmetrical relations in support. Simply providing support for minorities does not free one from power relations. Research on relations between Japanese and foreigners in support activities in communities should be continued.

著者

菊地 栄治

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.136-150, 1986-10-15

被引用文献数

9

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Some complicated factors are causing many Japan's high schools to homogenize classroom composition. Under the circumstances, tracking is regarded as one of the most useful concepts. Having widened its range of application, tracking remains to be used as a "metaphor". Thus, this paper has three interrelated matters as follows. First of all, the conceptual refinement of "tracking" and "differentiation" leads us to redefine the former as a sub-category of the latter. Then, many kinds of tracking can be understood in light of some "anatomical" features, which are comprised of criteria of selection, locus of decision-making, scope, visibility, and so forth. Secondly, the intervening processes are examined. Tracking is followed by two different processes before and after track placement. Each of them is summarized as anticipatory socialization and sequences of some tracks, and as differential distribution of three major "resources" ......instruction, peers, and label (expectation). Finally, what we call "grass-roots" research is conducted. Using intensive data from two high schools, we examine the differentiation processes of educational expectations. Our findings suggest that institutionalized internal tracking per se (eg. "banding" in "A" High School) can be operated as a "sorting machine", and that such a function is fulfilled mainly through the differential distribution of various "resources", although not automatically caused. Hereafter, an attempt to grasp the dynamics of tracking-construction could help us to have a proper understanding of such a practice.

著者

天野 郁夫 新井 郁男

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.122-136, 1971-10-10 (Released:2011-03-18)

著者

田中 雅文

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.95-110, 2005-05-30

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Previous research findings show that voluntary activities carried out by NPOs (nonprofit organizations) enhance learning and self-development among volunteers. Meantime, it has become difficult for post-adolescents to form a self-identity. Can NPOs reduce this difficulty? This report discusses the above-mentioned issue, by adopting the concepts of reflexivity and public space. First, it discusses how the human relationships nurtured in voluntary activities can provide the self as a "reflexive project" with opportunities to form an identity. Second, it proposes a concept of public space produced by NPOs and examines the possibility of a reflexive transformation of the self and society promoted by voluntary activities within the public space. Finally, it discusses the significance of that kind of space for the formation of identity in post-adolescence, by combining two concepts, namely, public space and learning. The following findings are obtained. Voluntary activities nurtured within the public space produced by NPOs promote the reflexive transformation of the self and society based on concrete human relationships, experience and outcome of activities, and therefore liberates the participants from the formation of an identity dependent on abstract information. Such public spaces are filled with various kinds of learning, and therefore are nothing less than "learning spaces." The learning emerging there can be called "reflexive learning." At present in Japan, it is important for post-adolescents to understand that social transformation and self-development are part of one united body. Through that process they can recognize their own position and power in actual society and gain an identity as a member of society. Meanwhile, it may lead us to evade a "risk society." Therefore, "reflexive learning" has the potential to achieve simultaneously the formation of identity in post-adolescence and the liberation of our society from risk.

著者

新井 眞人

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.200-214, 1987-09-30

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In this paper I attempted to investigate the reorganization processes of a traditional young men's group (Wakamono-gumi) from the viewpoint of historical sociology. The traditional young men's group called "Kosawada-wakazedan" in Kosawada village disappeared 30 years ago, but was regenerated in 1976. We visited Kosawada, a clan-type mountain village, and interviewed both active and retired Wakazedan members. We examined monographs done by previous folklore researchers, and gathered information from historical records, statistical data and other sources in order to approach the study from many angles. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) In the formation process of a big landlord, the social strata of the village was divided into the landlord class and the tenant-farmer class. The Wakazedan was also reorganized along the same lines, but later the two parts were integrated into one again. (2) Owing to the establishment of young men's associations sponsored by the government, some of the traditional young men's groups disappeared and others became mixed with the associations. However the Kosawada-wakazedan did not become mixed with them although they partly overlapped. Many young men who had dual allegiance participated in the meetings and events of the traditional young men's group rather than the association. (3) As Kosawada-wakazedan was incorporated into the social structure controlled by a big landlord, the disruption of the landlord-tenant-farmer system made the posiion of the Wakazedan vague and hastened its disappearance. Other factors accelerating its end were the movement of youth from the village to cities, an increase in the number of young men employed and many new voluntary youth groups. (4) The people felt apprehensive about the future of the village when the Wakazedan disappeared, causing a decline in the activities of young men's groups (Seinen-kai, Seinen-gakkyu) and in the traditional annual functions. As a result, some of the middle-aged men regenerated the Kosawada-wakazedan in order to develop the local community by revivint of traditional annual functions and providing opportunities for inter-generational communication. (5) Regardless of time and place, it would be impossible for a society to continue if there were no social intercourse among the generations. It may be said that the new Kosawada-wakazedan, which was regenerated in a village with a decreasing population, offers a model of the important social roles played by a group of young and middle-aged men in the intercourse among different generations in a village.

著者

石岡 学

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, pp.291-310, 2007-05-31

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The purpose of this study is to examine how the relation between general education and the world of work was structured, and what supported it in the early Showa Era, when the relationship appeared, through an analysis of the state of vocational guidance in primary school. Section 1 points out that the "Japanese" pattern of transition from school to work dates from the prewar period, and that earlier studies only clarified the intention and the actual situation on the part of companies or employment agencies. However, in order to grasp the entire historical process of the structuring of the system, it is necessary to elucidate the intention and the actual situation on the part of schools, and to inquire again on the issue of transition as a problem of education. The paper then explains the significance of clarifying the problem mentioned above. Section 2 examines the opinion of the Ministry of Education on the introduction of institutions for vocational guidance, and considers the kind of problems that occured in school. It shows that setting up a special subject of vocational guidance has consistently been shelved although teachers thought the problems emerged because of the lack of such courses. In the background was an essential aporia regarding vocational guidance. The aporia was caused by the fact that the transition from school to work was not always successful even if vocational aptitude tests were complete, because it depended on the situation of the labor market. Section 3 clarifies that two methods for giving vocational guidance in primary schools emerged. The two methods were as follows: (1) directly helping students to find jobs, (2) cultivating a "spirit of enterprise." In addition, the paper points out that this divergence corresponded to an aporia in vocational guidance, based on "ideal" versus "reality." These methods led to the development of the relation between general education and the world of employment in postwar times, with "continuity in system" and "discontinuity in substance." Section 4 discusses "Love," which was used to support vocational guidance in school. "Love" was a magic word used to justify both methods, and to hinder any examination of the methodology of vocational guidance. The paper then argues that "Love" was the trigger for the emergence of the issue regarding transition as a problem of education. Section 5 is a summary and discussion. It points out that the divergence of methods for giving guidance was an inevitable result considering the matter of transition as a problem of education. Moreover, it hypothesizes that the two methods of vocational guidance in school were united by the justification of the practices using the word "Love". The word "Love" continued to be used in postwar times.

著者

清矢 良崇

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.304-306, 2005-05-30

著者

相澤 真一 堀 兼大朗

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, pp.115-136, 2022-07-30 (Released:2024-04-01)

参考文献数

26

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本稿では,ブルデューの『ディスタンクシオン』およびイギリスにおけるその実証的展開である『文化・階級・卓越化』から示唆を得て,日本社会において同様の問いを検討し,いかなる文化資本を見いだすことが可能なのかを計量的に検討する。ただし,本来,このような問いを明らかにすることのできる調査データは存在しないため,現在,広く入手可能なデータでどこまでこのような問いに接近可能なのかについて検討する。 本稿では,文化的変数あるいは生活様式にかかわる変数を投入した対応分析を行う。『文化・階級・卓越化』に則り,対応分析には,文化的活動あるいはライフスタイルにかかわる変数をアクティブ変数として投入する。具体的な分析手順としては,第1に,文化的活動あるいはライフスタイルにかかわる変数のいずれかのみを投入する。第2に,その両者を投入する。このそれぞれの分析結果に追加変数として,社会階層の分析でよく用いられる変数をプロットし,両者の関係を検討する。分析には,2015年「社会階層と社会移動全国調査」(以下,SSM2015)と東大社研パネル調査(以下,JLPS)の一部のWaveを用いる。 結果として,文化的活動への関与の有無と資本の総量は相関していることが示唆される。特にクラシック音楽や美術への関与と社会階層変数との重なりが大きい一方で,第二軸の分散は主に年齢と関連していることが明らかになった。

著者

荒牧 草平

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, pp.47-67, 2022-07-30 (Released:2024-04-01)

参考文献数

30

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日本社会における学歴の世代間再生産を分析するツールとして,ブルデューの「文化資本」概念に着目することの意義を,計量研究の立場から批判的に検討した。初めに,大前ほか(2015)による包括的レビューを参考にしつつ,日本のデータを用いた先行研究の知見を,世代間再生産における文化資本指標の媒介効果の検討という枠組を用いて整理した。また,各研究の用いた方法にも焦点をあてて,それらの妥当性を検討した。次に,ブルデューの意図をとらえるには,多重対応分析(MCA)を用いた社会空間アプローチを採用する必要があることを指摘し,『2013年教育・社会階層・社会移動全国調査』(ESSM2013)のデータを用いて,MCAを適用した独自の分析を行った。主な知見は以下の通りであった。1)子ども時代の文化的経験,中学受験,高校時代の塾通い,中等後教育への進学等は,親の資本総量(MCAの1軸)に強く規定される。2)各学歴段階における学校種の選択は,特に男性の場合,資本総量よりも本人の学力や学習態度および親の教育的地位志向(MCAの2軸)と強く関連する。3)女性の進路分化は,男性の場合よりも資本総量に強く依存する。4)文化資本の分布は経済資本の分布と密接に結びついているため,文化資本の相続は経済資本の相続とも密接に結びついていると考えられる。以上より,これまでの日本社会において,文化資本が経済資本と独立して学歴の世代間再生産を主導してきたとは言えない。

著者

井上 義和 藤村 達也

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, pp.135-162, 2020

著者

山本 雄二

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.69-88, 1996-10-15 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

6 2

著者

富田 英典

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.77-94, 2005-05-30 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

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This study analyzes the relationship between the usage of media and subculture in extended adolescence. The media seen as most characteristic of people in extended adolescence include chatting and electronic bulletin boards on the Internet, and comic magazines. Sherry Turkle thinks that the use of the Internet has influenced the establishment of the identity of adolescents since they can experiment with multiple identities in the world of the Internet. She also presented the concept of an “online persona, ” where one can assume a fluid and multiple identity and act differently from one's true self.During the 1960s and 1970s, young people were fond of popular television programs known as teen dramas, which were set in high schools and involved young teachers and their students. The shows were based on themes such as “effort, ” “dreams” and “love, ” and the heroes fulfilled their dreams, overcoming various obstacles. One effect of these shows was that during this period, young Japanese people discovered their own stories of adolescence by reproducing the teen drama programs in their everyday lives. However, after the 1980s, young people started to read comic magazines targeted at teens and the postadolescence stories gained in popularity. At that time, animated cartoons such as “Mobile Suit Gundam, ” “Dragon Ball” and “Neon Genesis Evangelion” became very popular. Their heroes all experienced an “awakening, ” in which they became super-heroes. Unlike the heroes of the teen drama shows, who were regular high school students, they realized that they had latent superhuman powers. In these animated cartoons, the “adherence to identity” is typically represented in the form of an ominous alien.The sense of liberation from one's actual self through means such as chatting and electronic bulletin boards, as well as the post-adolescence stories, is thought to be closely related to the problem of extended adolescents who are a focus of social attention in the present world. It is clear that the adolescent strategy toward the media, which uses the media as a means to arouse one true self, has a parasitic relationship with the media.

著者

宮田 りりぃ

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, pp.305-324, 2017-07-28 (Released:2019-03-08)

参考文献数

17

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本稿の目的は,トランスジェンダーの人々を調査対象に社会との相互作用を通した自己形成過程に着目し,性別越境を伴う生活史におけるジェンダー/セクシュアリティに関する意識を明らかにすることである。そのため,3名のトランスジェンダーに対して生活史調査を実施した。 分析の結果は以下のとおりであった。第1に,調査対象者たちが直面した問題の源泉は,個人の側にではなく,固定的な性別役割モデルの体現を求める社会の側にあった。第2に,それゆえ,調査対象者たちは社会との相互作用を通した自己形成過程の中でジェンダー/セクシュアリティに関する違和感や抑圧的感覚を覚えるようになり,そのきっかけや時期は調査対象者によって多様であった。第3に,調査対象者たちは,「重要な他者」たちとの関わりを通して新たな準拠枠を獲得し,それを参照することで固定的な性別役割モデルの体現を求める社会のあり方に抵抗する可能性を見出し,上記のような違和感や抑圧的感覚から解放されていった。 以上の知見をもとに,①「GID(性同一性障害)」支援の限界及び,②トランスジェンダーが直面する問題を医学概念にもとづいて捉える立場に留まることが含む,ポリティカルな問題について考察を行った。本稿が,今後教育における国のトランスジェンダー支援の見直しに役立てば幸いである。

著者

藤田 英典

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, pp.73-94, 2003-05-25 (Released:2011-03-18)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 2

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Many countries including Japan have promoted radical education reforms guided by neo-liberal and quasi-market ideas. But no appropriate evidence has been provided to show their validity and effectiveness. They are promoted by ideological preferences and in the populistic political atmosphere.Given this situation, this paper first identifies some major features of the following five quasi-market models; simple school choice, education voucher, alternative schools, charter school, and school management by for-profit company. The aspects examined are the institutional idea, framework of school choice, school budget, school management system, freedom from government control, form of parent participation, and the influence of each model over the whole education system.Secondly, the paper discusses the five major problems that are neglected in their arguments and will damage the public education system.(1) Due to the fact that school is an institutional good, school choice will differentiate schools both substantially and relatively on such evaluation criteria as academic success, school safety and social attributes of students and neighborhood atmosphere of each school.(2) Due to the fact that school is a collective and unfinished (or half-finished) good at the time of choosing and entering, the school performance and its evaluation depend on the students who are recruited to each school, and accordingly, school choice differentiates schools in terms of students' and their parents' attributes.(3) Under the system of alternative school, charter school or for-profit management school, school choice and other privileged conditions applies only for those schools and their clients, and accordingly, those schools should be recognized as ones for the privileged small number of students. It should be also recognized that if these systems spread widely, then the utility of their privileges will diminish and various problems intrinsic to school choice will also spread.(4) School choice ideas put a prior value on institutional choice, while neglecting the importance of practical choices within each school as well as the fact that someone's freedom of institutional choice restricts the range of the other's.(5) Deregulation of government control and the accountability requirement will result in the rise of market control and other type of government control for quality assurance like the school inspection by quasi-public agency and testing of achievement standards. Under the system of school choice, parents are likely to behave as consumers/claimers rather than organizational members who should cooperate in the process of finishing their un-finished goods.Finally, the paper suggests that all of these will become seriously problematic in the country like Japan where the levels of equal opportunity, efficiency of schooling and parents' concerns of school ranking are high.

著者

藤村 正司

出版者

日本教育社会学会

雑誌

教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.182-199, 1987-09-30 (Released:2011-03-18)