著者

辻本 昌弘 國吉 美也子 與久田 巌

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.162-172, 2007

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In order to examine resource exchange organizations in local communities, we conducted a case study of rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). In a ROSCA, participants regularly contribute resources to form a fund and distribute it to each participant in a rotation. Based on field research in the Okinawa Islands, the following characteristics were apparent : (1) Selection of participants is based on face-to-face relationships, such that participants know each other, in order to solve the free-rider problem; (2) The materialization of a ROSCA leads, in turn, to the strengthening of face-to-face relationships. We suggest that together, these two characteristics enable participants to maintain and develop a resource exchange. In addition, we describe the life history of one of the participants in order to examine the historical background of ROSCA.

著者

Yohsuke Ohtsubo Kazuho Yamaura Ayano Yagi

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.135-142, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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Reconciliation processes are influenced by two important dispositional variables: (i) the victim’s disposition to forgive the offender, and (ii) the offender’s disposition to apologize to the victim. We translated extant English measures of each of these dispositions into Japanese using the back-translation method. We then examined the validity of the two resultant measures, the Japanese Trait Forgivingness Scale (J-TFS) and the Japanese Proclivity to Apologize Measure (J-PAM). Consistent with previous findings, J-TFS scores were correlated with agreeableness, neuroticism (inversely), and subjective well-being, while J-PAM scores were correlated with agreeableness and subjective well-being. Interestingly, these two reconciliatory tendencies were positively correlated with each other, even when controlling for agreeableness (i.e., a preference for harmonious social relationships). In addition, two autobiographical recall studies (of actual instances of forgiveness and apology) confirmed the validity of these two measures. The J-TFS predicted the extent to which participants had forgiven a workplace offense inflicted by one of their co-workers, while the J-PAM predicted whether participants had apologized to their victims following a recent transgression.

著者

田村 亮 亀田 達也 深野 紘幸

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.233-240, 2006

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Tamura & Kameda (2004) showed that, when people evaluated the desirability of various resource allocations, their preference for an "allocation that was unfair but provided a Pareto-improvement" over other "fair" allocations was enhanced via group discussion. In their study, participants served as arbitrators who were asked to solve disputes over resource-allocation. This study was a conceptual replication of Tamura & Kameda (2004) to determine whether the prevalence of the Pareto-principle can be observed in a group situation, where interested parties discussed resource-allocation. In each experimental session, two college students worked on an anagram task individually, and then discussed how to allocate a "pair-reward" between them (n=40). The pairs were presented with three reward allocation schemes : plans based on equality, equity, or a plan that was unfair (i.e., paying more to the less productive member) but provided a Pareto-improvement over the other two plans. In line with Tamura & Kameda (2004), the results confirmed that participants' preference for the unfair but Pareto-improving allocation was enhanced substantively via group discussion.

著者

石黒 格

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.71-71, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

参考文献数

2

著者

林 幹也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.187-194, 2007

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An experiment (N=32) examined whether an affectively neutral attitude object which always accompanied an affectively positive stimulus in a specific context was automatically evaluated as positive only in that same context. In the acquisition phase, one nonsense shape with a colored background context was paired with positive personality traits. In the alternative condition, the non-sense shape was presented with no background color context and was not paired with any stimulus. In the test phase, the affective priming method used that shape as the prime stimulus. Response latencies for positive target words preceded by the shape with the colored background context as the prime stimulus were shorter than those preceded by the shape with no background context. This result shows that automatic evaluation for an attitude-conditioned object depends on the context that was presented in the acquisition phase.

著者

坂西 友秀

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.105-115, 1995

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rights: 日本社会心理学会 rights: 本文データは学協会の許諾に基づきCiNiiから複製したものである relation: isVersionOf: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002785269This study has the following two aims. First, it is aimed at investigating the effect of a victim's coping style with bullying with regard to resolving bullying problems. Second, it is aimed at exploring long term effects of bullying on a victim. The main results of the first part of this study were as follows: 1. The active reaction of victim's to the assailant increased the rate of improvement or complete resolution of the bullying problem. When a victim asked somebody (for example, his/her school mates, family, teacher, or all of the above) to help, the results indicated improvement or complete resolution. However, no resistance by a victim increased the possibility of continuing bullying. 2. Bullied experiences have long term influences on a victim in various ways such as physical, active, social, and psychological. In the second study, the victim's self-perception and his/her perception of other victims concerning the long term influence of bullying were compared. The victim's self-evaluation was significantly smaller than his/her evaluation of other victims. These results were analysed from victim's defensive attitude, and differences in perception between actor and observer.

著者

竹西 正典 竹西 亜古

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.198-220, 2006

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This article aimed to test the social identity mediation model of procedural justice on group-oriented behaviors and self-esteem. The model consists of two processes involving perceived procedural justice and behaviors or self-esteem: the mediate process of social identity and the direct process of procedural justice. Three surveys concerning national politics were conducted with a sample of 1000-1180 citizens to test the model. Study 1 revealed that procedural justice enhances the justice perceivers' pride as a Japanese citizen and that the pride was linked to an assertive attitude toward the nation. Their self-esteem trait measured in Rosenberg (1965) was also associated with pride. Study 2 tested the model on supportive behaviors for authority and for members. For members, SEMs revealed that pride mediated between procedural justice and helping behaviors. On the other hand, the supportive behaviors for authority were enhanced by both the pride mediate process and the direct process of procedural justice. Study 2 also revealed that people's collective self-esteem (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) was linked to procedural justice by both processes. Study 3 proposed a concept of relational self-esteem and developed a new scale for its measurement. A CFA revealed that relational self-esteem consists of three elements: importance of relational existence, relational happiness, and social self-acceptance. Testing the model on relational self-esteem found two mediate processes, affective-pride mediation and respect mediation, but did not reveal any direct process. This result suggested that relational self-esteem is an effective indicator for self-value of procedural justice. The results of these studies indicated that social identity which is connected to procedural justice enhances people's positive self-image, and simultaneously motivates them to act on the behalf of others. Procedural justice could make people internalize the link to society through the social identification processes.

著者

綿村 英一郎 分部 利紘 佐伯 昌彦

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.11-20, 2014-08-18

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This study verified the influence of a punishment reference histogram on the sentences of lay judges. In Experiment 1, 80 undergraduates determined the prison terms of an offender in an audio trial. About half the students were shown a histogram with a peak of the punishment meted out in similar cases and the remainder a histogram without it. The peak was set as a relatively short prison term (5-10 yrs) considering the seriousness of the crime (murder). The result indicated that the peak-histogram group chose significantly shorter prison terms than did the non-peak-histogram group, suggesting that the peak influenced the former's sentencing. Moreover, Experiment 2 showed that the peak of the histogram influenced participant sentencing more strongly than a table, although both held the same punishment data, and that the same shaped histogram of different data did not. From these results, we concluded that the anchoring effect of the histogram is most likely to be caused by the visual attractiveness of the peak.

著者

志村 誠 小林 哲郎 村上 史朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.32-43, 2005

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The rapid spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) enables people to maintain ties with friends and relatives who are physically distant, and to establish new ties through the Internet. To examine the social consequence of using ICTs at the macro level, we extended Latane's DSIT simulation model by adding interaction with distant agents. The results show that the largest and the mean cluster sizes of minority were smaller than Latane's model, but the number of minority clusters increased. Even if they are surrounded by others of different opinions, people can keep their opinions unchanged through ties with distant others. Such ties decrease the relative effects of adjacent neighbors. As a whole, people can form the homogeneous networks that are free from physical restriction to some degree. Consequently, minority opinions are able to survive.

著者

作道 信介

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.53-73, 2005

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Negotiation is the most basic way to solve problems in the pastoral Turkana society of Northwestern Kenya. Anger (angoikin) is believed to bring misfortune and calamity to the Turkana people. After encountering serious illness or an unusual accident, a client visits a sandal diviner to discover who got angry with him/her and what the cause of the anger was. This paper aims to show the cognitive process of the interaction among the participants in terms of scenario analysis within the framework of social constructionism of emotion. Through interaction with his diviner, the client recalls episodes that may have offended the adversary and sometimes talks, by way of retaliation, about occasions where he also was offended by the adversary. Four scenarios of anger were abstracted from 22 scenes : inconsiderate treatment, decision without agreement, refusal of demands, and refusal of marriage or a sexual relationship. The result showed that anger was caused by a violation of the cooperation norm underpinning a negotiation society.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.69-77, 1999

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This study examined the effects of (a) the processes of risk reduction to achieve zero risk and (b) the framings of the problem on the value of achieving zero risk. Respondents assessed WTPs (willingness to pay) to save lives in a hypothetical earthquake. two factors were manipulated in the experiment. These were (1) the process to present risk reduction as an increase in lives saved or a decrease in deaths. The results suggested that the zero risk effect, which meant the identical loss reduction by a protective action against risk was valued more highly when it achieved the "no loss" outcome than when it left some losses, disappeared in the condition where zero risk was achieved by one-to-one actions with corresponding one-to-one costs. rather, people valued the first protective action more highly than the following actions in that condition, particularly when the problem was framed positively. Zero risk effect appeared only in the condition where a single-shot action could achieve zero risk.

著者

出口 拓彦 吉田 俊和

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.160-169, 2005-11-30 (Released:2017-02-07)

被引用文献数

8

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The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationships among normative consciousness, individual traits, and the frequency of private conversations, in the form of whispering, amongst students during a college lecture. In the first study, the relationships among normative consciousness against whispering, perspective taking, social skills, and the frequency of whispering were examined through a questionnaire survey consisting of 251 respondents. The results showed that students who whispered frequently indicated high perspective taking or social skills. In the second study, the relationships among the goals of college life, normative consciousness, and the frequency of whispering were focused upon. The relationships between whispering and feelings of adjustment were also investigated. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 369 responses were obtained. The results showed the following. (1) Despite having a high normative consciousness, students who valued the development of interpersonal relationships during college life were more likely to have conversations irrelevant to the lecture. (2) There were positive relationships between whispering and feelings of interpersonal adjustment.

著者

三浦 麻子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.31, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-07-31)

参考文献数

1

著者

中川 裕美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.16, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

著者

酒井 智弘 相川 充

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.65-75, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gratitude-expression skills on the benefactor in a dilemma situation. The method experimentally employed a confederate who met participants for the first time and executed gratitude-expression skills on them in a “Prisoner’s Dilemma Game” (PDG). An experimental group in which the confederate executed the gratitude-expression skills was compared with a control group in which the confederate did not do so. The results showed the experimental group had higher average and medium or higher effect size regarding the participants’ cooperative behavior in a PDG, the state of reciprocity consciousness, and interpersonal attraction for the confederate than the control group. This study found the positive effect of gratitude-expression skills on motivating the benefactor’s cooperative behavior and enhancing reciprocity consciousness and interpersonal attraction for the confederate even in a dilemma situation.

著者

西田 公昭 黒田 文月

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.192-203, 2003-03-31 (Released:2017-01-07)

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The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological problems experienced after leaving destructive cults and the effects of the progress period after leaving and non-professional counseling. The study analyzed the psychological problems by using a questionnaire survey administrated to 157 former cult members from two different cults. The results of factor analysis revealed the following eleven factors for psychological problems: 1) tendencies for depression and anxiety, 2) loss of self esteem, 3) remorse and regret, 4) friendship building and socializing difficulties, 5) family relationship difficulties, 6) floating, 7) fear of sexual contact, 8) emotional instability, 9) tendency for psychosomatic disease, 10) concealment of past life, and 11) anger toward the group. The results of an analysis of variance showed that tendencies for depression and anxiety, tendency for psychosomatic disease, and concealment of past life decreased during the progress period after leaving the group and counseling, while loss of self-esteem and anger toward the group increased by counseling.

著者

西田 公昭 黒田 文月

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.192-203, 2003

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological problems experienced after leaving destructive cults and the effects of the progress period after leaving and non-professional counseling. The study analyzed the psychological problems by using a questionnaire survey administrated to 157 former cult members from two different cults. The results of factor analysis revealed the following eleven factors for psychological problems: 1) tendencies for depression and anxiety, 2) loss of self esteem, 3) remorse and regret, 4) friendship building and socializing difficulties, 5) family relationship difficulties, 6) floating, 7) fear of sexual contact, 8) emotional instability, 9) tendency for psychosomatic disease, 10) concealment of past life, and 11) anger toward the group. The results of an analysis of variance showed that tendencies for depression and anxiety, tendency for psychosomatic disease, and concealment of past life decreased during the progress period after leaving the group and counseling, while loss of self-esteem and anger toward the group increased by counseling.

著者

山岡 明奈 湯川 進太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.151-162, 2017-03-31 (Released:2017-04-07)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

3

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Although mind-wandering and awareness are contrary concepts, both are positively correlated with creative problem solving. To understand this contradiction, we examined how mind-wandering and awareness are related to the three aspects of creativity: fluency, flexibility, and originality. We used psychological scales to measure mind-wandering and awareness, and the Unusual Uses Test to measure the three aspects of creativity. Data from 532 participants (300 male, 228 female, and 4 unknown; Mage=19.67, SD=1.44 years) were analyzed. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between mind-wandering and uniqueness scores of originality. An ANOVA analysis showed that participants in the medium mind-wandering group scored higher than those in the low mind-wandering group. In contrast, mind-wandering and evaluative scores of originality showed a U-shaped relationship, and participants in the medium mind-wandering group scored lower than those in the low mind-wandering group.

著者

高林 久美子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.119-129, 2007-11-10 (Released:2017-02-08)

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Ambivalent sexism theory suggests that there are two forms of sexism : hostile sexism toward non-traditional women and benevolent sexism toward traditional women. Based on the finding that the threat to self motivates self-affirmation, which leads to stereotyping and prejudice, this study investigated how that threat had an impact on the two above-mentioned forms of prejudice toward women. In study 1, it was predicted that, under the threat, hostile sexists among the male participants were less likely than the nonsexist male participants to evaluate a career-woman favorably on a warmth dimension. This hypothesis was supported. In study 2, it was predicted that, under the threat, the benevolent sexists among the male and female participants were more likely than the nonsexist participants to evaluate a homemaker-oriented woman favorably. On the contrary, when the less benevolent sexist male and female participants felt threatened, they were less likely than the sexist participants to evaluate the women favorably on a warmth dimension. The possibility that the way of expressing gender-prejudiced attitudes became diversified was discussed.

著者

村上 幸史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.11-24, 2002-08-19 (Released:2017-01-07)

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In Japan, the term "strength of luck" (as directly translated from Japanese) commonly refers to a fixed dispositional trait. In order to gain a more concrete understanding of the usage of the term "strength of luck," a questionnaire was designed and survey conducted of subjects to study the belief that some people have "strong luck" and others have "weak luck." The results showed that people who see themselves as having "strong luck" differ from those who see themselves as having "weak luck" in that : 1. They believe that they have many "lucky" experiences and few "unlucky" experiences. 2. Most of these "lucky" experiences occurred in "important situations." There was no difference between people who see themselves as having "strong luck" and those who see themselves as having "weak luck" when the occurrence probability of the event was considered low from the start. 3. They think that their "strength of luck" is correlated with their amount of effort. 4. It wasquite rare for them to make social comparisons. On the other hand, according to these results, people who see themselves as having "weak luck" don't necessarily feel they have few successful experiences in daily life, nor did they feel helpless. It was concluded that how one interprets one's own "strength of luck" is based on particular "lucky" and/or "unlucky" experiences.