著者

石黒 格 村上 史朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.33-44, 2007

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Self-effacement has become an important topic in cross-cultural social psychology. However, descriptive characteristics of self-effacement have rarely been investigated. Based on representative network survey data, this study examined to whom Japanese people efface themselves. The results indicated as follows: 1) people tend to efface themselves to their neighbors or mere acquaintances more than to their spouses, colleagues, or best friends; 2) the duration of the relationship correlated negatively with self-effacement; 3) the relationship between psychological intimacy and self-effacement shaped reversed-U; and 4) people tend to efface themselves to maintain or attenuate their status difference, i.e., people efface themselves more to colleagues when the people considered those colleagues to be superior to them, and also to best friends when they considered those friends to be inferior to them.

著者

志岐 裕子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.189-197, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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This study had two purposes:(1) to investigate the effects of coviewers on participants' responses to humor, and (2) to investigate the effects of expectations of the role of entertainers on participants' perceptions of humor. One hundred and forty undergraduate student participants were asked to answer a questionnaire, imaging they were in the situations presented. In the case of aggressive humor, participants answered that they would perceive it to be funnier when they watched it with a friend rather than with an acquaintance. In the case of sexual humor, they answered that they would consider it to be funnier if they watched it with a friend or a person of same sex rather than with an acquaintance or a person of the opposite sex. Participants also indicated that they would moderate their responses more with an acquaintance or a person of the opposite sex, than with a friend or a person of the same sex. Lastly, participants reported that humor stimuli were funnier when performed by more familiar entertainers.

著者

谷口 淳一 山 祐嗣 川崎 弥生 堀下 智子 西岡 美和

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.226-232, 2006

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Shafir (1993) found that people select an alternative which is positive on some dimensions and negative on others more often than one with average dimensions. We applied his methodology to the choice of a person. It is argued that Japanese people prefer a person with an average disposition. But is it that they really prefer this or that they believe that others do? We presented a scenario where two persons wanted to join a party with your group. One was positive on some dimensions and negative on others, whereas the other had an average disposition. One hundred and seven female students were asked to choose one of the two persons, and 113 female students were asked to reject one of the two. They were also asked to infer which person the other members of their group would choose or reject. The results were that our participants chose and rejected the person with positive and negative dimensions in the self-decision condition, whereas they inferred that other members would choose the average person. These imply that self-critical bias may reflect an adaptive strategy as to the selection of persons.

著者

鈴木 公啓

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.45-56, 2014-08-18

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Body image disturbance and body image discrepancy considered as factors of body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness were investigated. Participants were presented with new figural stimuli (contour drawings/silhouettes) ranging from thin to heavy developed based on real and objective data-human body size measurements and 3-D image data. Results indicated that female participants overestimated their body size, though the degree of overestimation is not particularly large. It is suggested that competition with members of the same sex generates body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness. Furthermore, participants rated ideal body size thinner than their perceived body size. It was found that the differences between perceived body size and ideal body size relate to body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness.

著者

池内 裕美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.188-198, 2010

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Recently, consumer complaints and consumer claims have become a major social issue. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological mechanism of complaining behavior with reference to the theory of aggressive behavior in social psychology. Two hundred and fifteen participants (106 males, 109 females) who lived in Japan were asked to complete a questionnaire by the mail survey method. After a covariance structure analysis, the proposed model was found to fit the data very well. The main findings were as follows: (1) High levels of self-esteem and the self-control of emotion led to having a positive attitude for complaining behavior. (2) Attitudes toward complaining behavior and dissatisfaction with products had a direct effect on actual complaining behavior. Furthermore, dissatisfaction with products was affected by the differences between the expectations for products and the performances of products. (3) Complaining behavior led to a decrease in consumer dissatisfaction. This result indicated the existence of a "cathartic effect."

著者

阿部 晋吾 高木 修

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.12-20, 2005

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In this study, we asked participants (229 students, 87 male and 142 female) to describe experiences both in which they expressed anger to someone and in which someone expressed anger to them, and examined whether there were differences between expressing and expressed positions in the determinants of the interpersonal effects of anger expression. The results showed that, while the justice evaluation of anger expression by persons who expressed anger did not exert any influence on interpersonal effects, the justice evaluation of those who were expressed anger to had statistically significant influences on interpersonal effects. We suggested from this that the more justified the anger-expressed person evaluates the anger expression as, the more positive the interpersonal effects tend to become. It was also found that the strength and direction of the influences of expressing anger on interpersonal effects differed between anger-expressing and anger-expressed positions.

著者

元吉 忠寛 高尾 堅司 池田 三郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.58-67, 2004

被引用文献数

1

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People living in areas where the risk of flooding is potentially high need to accept such risks, and prepare accordingly for floods. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that affected the residents' levels of acceptance of flood risks. A questionnaire-based survey was administered to residents (N=2811) living in the area affected by the Tokai flood disaster of September, 2000. Items were designed to probe for residents' attitudes toward flood risks, acceptance of flood risks, concerns about society, and rationale-based awareness of risks in society. Using structural equation modeling, we found that self-responsibility for flood preparedness and trust in public administrative authorities had a positive impact on the respondents' acceptance of flood risks. We also found that desire to attain zero risk negatively affected the residents' acceptance of flood risk. In addition, we examined how rational recognition of risks in society, and concerns about society affected attitudes towards flood risk.

著者

相川 充 吉森 護

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.63-72, 1995

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Three studies were conducted to construct a scale to measure sensibilities to indebtedness and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. In Study I, university students and adult non-students completed an original version of the Indebtedness Scale along with some other scales assessing tendencies theoretically correlated with sensibilities to indebtedness. Through item analyses, 18 items were selected as the final version of Indebtedness Scale (IS-18). The IS-18 showed a high internal consistency (α = .850) and a high test-retest reliability (r=.778). In Study I and Study II, significant correlations were observed between the IS-18 score and the measures of self-consciousness, formality ideology, social skills, and self-esteem. There was no correlation between the score and Social Desirability Scale. In Study III, university students placed themselves in the role of hypothetical students confronted with 7 different situations in which they had been helped from others. They answered a question regarding the magnitude of indebtedness in each situation. The total score of the magnitude of indebtedness in 7 situations was positively correlated with IS-18 score.

著者

石井 敬子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.66-67, 2014 (Released:2015-07-23)

著者

浅野 良輔 吉澤 寛之 松下 光次郎 笹竹 佑太 酒井 翔 吉田 琢哉

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-006, (Released:2023-10-20)

参考文献数

40

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Tangney et al.’s (2004) Brief Self-Control Scale has been widely used in many languages, including Japanese. We developed and validated the Brief Self-Control Scale for Children (BSCS-C). Data came from 1,289 Japanese students in public elementary and junior high schools (691 boys and 598 girls; 633 students in grades 3–6 and 656 students in grades 7–8). Using a cross-validation procedure, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-factor structure of the BSCS-C. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the BSCS-C across gender and grade groups. Latent mean differences of the BSCS-C across the groups were small. The BSCS-C demonstrated the internal consistency, seven-month test-retest reliability, and correlations with conscientiousness, extraversion, and the number of behavioral problems.

著者

広田 すみれ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.121-131, 2014-11-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Perceptions of death rates from hazards described in terms of their occurrence rates (time) versus the number of persons affected (population) were examined in three experiments. In experiment 1, participants judged the death rates from five anonymous real hazards that were described in terms of time or population, using cognitive, affective, and behavioral scales. They rated the time-related hazards to be significantly more frequent and more fearful. In experiment 2, the hazards were given specific names. Participants rated them on the same scales as those used in experiment 1 and described their impressions in response to 9 pairs of adjectives. Again, hazards described by time were rated more frequent and more fearful. The mean scores of the three factors determined through factor analysis of qualitative responses also differed significantly between time and population. In experiment 3, time- and population-related hazards were judged differently, although numerical values of death rates were controlled for to eliminate the anchoring effect. The psychological reasons for this finding and its practical implications for risk communication were discussed.

著者

大髙 瑞郁 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.89-100, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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Factors other than frequency of involvement probably determine emerging adults’ attitudes toward their fathers. However, factors that affect these attitudes have not yet been revealed. Therefore, this study focuses on children’s perceptions of perspective taking from their fathers and blame for negative behaviors by their fathers, and verifies whether these factors determine children’s attitudes toward their fathers. We conducted a panel survey of 501 Japanese undergraduate students. Data were collected in two waves over approximately two months to establish the causal relationships between the above-mentioned variables. Results indicated that in case of sons, the more positively they perceive their fathers’ behaviors, the more positive their attitudes become toward their fathers. Implications for father-son relationships, compared with father-daughter and mother-child relationships, are discussed.

著者

大薗 博記 森本 裕子 中嶋 智史 小宮 あすか 渡部 幹 吉川 左紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.65-72, 2010-08-31 (Released:2017-02-21)

被引用文献数

2

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How do we come to trust strangers? Previous studies have shown that participants trust smiling faces more than they trust nonsmiling faces. In daily communication, both facial and linguistic information are typically presented simultaneously. In this context, what kind of person will be judged as more trustworthy? In our experiment, 52 individuals participated as donors in a Trust Game involving many partners. Prior to the game, participants were shown photographs of their partners' faces (smiling/nonsmiling) as well as answers to questions indicating their partners' level of trustworthiness (neutral/somewhat trustworthy/trustworthy). Participants then decided how much money to give to each partner. The results showed that more trust was placed in partners providing trustworthy answers than in those providing neutral answers. Smiling female partners were trusted more than nonsmiling female partners. In addition, smiling partners were less trusted than nonsmiling partners only when the answers were trustworthy. These results suggest that individuals displaying too many signs of trustworthiness can actually be viewed with distrust.

著者

三島 浩路

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.33-41, 2022-12-25 (Released:2022-12-25)

参考文献数

28

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This study examined the relationship between the damage of bullying in junior high school and school adaptation after entering high school. Three surveys of 281 high school students were conducted at various points in time. The first survey was conducted immediately before the respondents started high school to measure the extent of bullying respondents had experienced in junior high school. The second survey was conducted in June, shortly after the respondents started high school, to measure their depressive tendencies and future prospects. The final survey was conducted in November to measure the extent to which respondents had adjusted to high school. An analysis of the survey results suggested that the “prosocial effort orientation” factor and the “positive and active future image” factor that compose a positive future outlook may be related to the process by which being a target of bullying reduces an individual’s ability to adjust to school.

著者

有吉 美恵 錦谷 まりこ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.50-60, 2021-07-31 (Released:2021-07-31)

参考文献数

28

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This study focuses on how the imbalance between efforts and rewards relates to active participation in the social and labor markets of senior citizens who retire from the front line of corporate organizations, and it aims to clarify how others’ words are related to their intention to continue in social activities. We asked 104 senior and pre-senior individuals who participated in social activities to describe the words they were happy with and asked about effort-reward imbalance and their intention to leave. Text mining and analysis using KH Coder revealed that there was a difference in characteristic words between when receiving rewards and when no rewards were received. When receiving rewards, words that evaluated work and behavior were seen as characteristic words. On the other hand, when there was no reward, words that focused on the existence of individuals were also seen as characteristic words. This suggests the importance of paying attention to and recognizing the senior generation’s attitudes and actions rather than merely providing monetary rewards.

著者

田中 大貴

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.122, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

著者

鈴木 直人 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.17-25, 2004-07-22 (Released:2017-01-14)

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the cognitive basis of self-effacing behavior among the Japanese. Based on the premises that self-effacement among the Japanese is a form of "default self-presentation," we predicted that Japanese self-effacement will dissipate when actual self-evaluation is required. The experiment (n = 110) consisted of two phases. In Phase 1, participants took a "cognitive ability test" that consisted of 20 questions. In Phase 2, they were asked to judge if their performance on the test was above or below the average performance level in their school. In the bonus condition, participants were rewarded for making a correct judgment in their performance. In the fixed-reward condition, no reward was provided for making a correct judgment. The results from experiments 1 and 2, taken together, indicate that self-effacement observed in the fixed-reward condition was not confirmed in the bonus condition. These results suggest that self-effacement among the Japanese is a strategy for self-presentation, which they switch on and off depending on the situation.

著者

村上 史朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.102-103, 2018-11-30 (Released:2018-12-15)

参考文献数

1

著者

渡部 幹 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.65-72, 1993-12-25 (Released:2016-12-02)

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The purpose of this research is to examine whether or not people prefer the trigger strategy when given a chance to choose between various kinds of strategies in a social dilemma (SD) situation. The experiment was run as a 4-person iterated SD situation with three conditions. The results show that Ss did not select morefrequently the trigger strategy in either condition. These results are inconsistent with the one found in an ealier study (Watabe, 1992). Changes in experimental design are needed in order to examine possible reasons of this inconsistency.

著者

清水 裕士

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.3, pp.119-120, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

1