著者

豊田 秀樹 福富 護 西田 智男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.1-8, 1993-01-22 (Released:2016-12-01)

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The purpose of this study is to show the existence of sexual unidimension of female expressions in comics and gravures in the magazines. 1221 comics and 6861 gravures in 332 magazines published in June, 1989 were collected. The numbers of figures which can be categolized with sex and certain conditions of expression were counted. The frequency tables were analyzed by Quantification type III. The major findings were: (1) most of the expression of female figures in magazines can be explained by an unidimensional scale, named Degree of Exposure. (2) The degree of female expression tends to be more unidimensional in gravures than in comics.

著者

多川 則子 吉田 俊和

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.126-138, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

2

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The present study examined the effects of daily communication on favorability in the perception of romantic relationships, with reference to Matsui's (1990) Developmental Stage Model of Romantic Love. The 484 participants were divided into three categories according to their current relational status: romantic relationships (154 undergraduates), one-sided non-mutual relationships (205 undergraduates), and regular heterosexual friendships (125 undergraduates). The latter two groups were included for comparison. Sternberg's (1997) Triangular Love Scale was used in order to measure favorability in participants' relationships. A separate scale was used to record information relating to daily communication. Participants were asked various questions regarding their relationships. Some examples included, 'Exchanging talk about daily events','Having a relationship-specific verbal style', and 'Perceiving the partner's reaction'. For the purposes of this study,'Exchanging talk about daily events' was discussed in terms of messages regarding content and relational meaning (Watzlawick, Bavelas, & Jackson, 1967). And 'Having a relationship-specific verbal style' was discussed in terms of relational culture (Wood, 1982). The results indicated that the all daily communicational behavior mentioned above influenced the level of favorability of romantic relationships.

著者

川上 直秋 菊地 正 吉田 富二雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.187-193, 2014-03-17 (Released:2017-02-28)

被引用文献数

2

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It is known that the mere exposure effect generalizes to the previously unseen letter strings that are similar along certain abstract dimensions (i.e., artificial grammar) to the exposed letter strings. We examined the generalization of the mere exposure effect through peculiarity of handwriting. Participants were repeatedly exposed to a set of handwritten words in Japanese hiragana. In a subsequent test phase, they were assigned to one of two conditions (same-word condition vs. changed-word condition). Participants who were assigned to the same-word condition were required to rate the handwritten words identical to the previous exposure phase, and those who were assigned to the changed-word condition rated the previously unseen words hand-written by the same person. The results showed that the mere exposure effect occurred not only for the same-word condition but also for the changed-word condition, while the effect under the changed-word condition was weak compared to the same-word condition. This means that the mere exposure effect generalized to the novel letter strings with the same handwriting previously exposed. Thhe implications and future directions are discussed.

著者

神 信人 山岸 敏男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.190-198, 1997

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The purpose of this study is to test a new hypothesis for the group identity effects in social dilemmas, the effect that common group membership promotes cooperation. According to the proposed hypothesis, people prefer to cooperate with ingroup members because they expect reciprocal responses from ingroup, but not from outgroup members. In other words, people are considered to expect generalized reciprocity to exist within groups but not beyond group boundaries. Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that the previously observed group identity effect-subjects facing a prisoner's dilemma cooperate more with an ingroup member than with an outgroup member-exists only when the partner shares the membership information. When the partner does not know that the subject shares the same group membership, group identity effect is predicted not to emerge. Result of an experiment with 78 subjects clearly supported this prediction and rejected alternative hypotheses based on psychological distance(Krammer & Brewer, 1984), social identity (Billig & Tajfel, 1973), and ingroup stereotype (Brewer, 1978).

著者

奥川 裕 工藤 恵理子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.202-210, 2011

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In this study, we investigated the effect of experiencing a delay while viewing a webpage on the viewers' attitudes toward the information provided on the webpage. In the world of the Internet, not all viewers of a webpage are highly motivated to seek information. Many are less motivated and are thus susceptible to peripheral cues such as experienced delays while they view a webpage. Participants were requested to view a fictitious webpage about oral contraceptives (OC) and to rate their attitudes regarding the use of OC. Half the participants experienced a time lag while viewing the webpage, whereas the other half viewed the webpage without the time lag. Results indicated that although the delay did not influence the participants' attitudes toward the use of OC, participants' perception of the delay negatively affected the participants'attitudes toward the use of OC. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that the effect of the perception of the fluency on participants' attitudes was mediated by the perceived benefits of OC. A possible underlying mechanism, experienced fluency of information processing, was discussed.

著者

池内 裕美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.167-177, 2010-03-20 (Released:2017-02-20)

被引用文献数

2

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The purposes of this study were to develop an animism scale for adults and to examine the relationship between animistic thinking and the "memorial service for dolls" in terms of voluntary loss. In this study, animism was defined as the tendency to regard inanimate objects as living, and to regard objects in nature as gods. Questionnaires were given to 395 people who had held a memorial service for dolls and 204 people who had not. The results of the factor analysis indicated that this animism scale consisted of three factors: the apotheosis of natural products, the parts of possessors, and the anthropomorphication of possessions. Animism was more prevalent in the following groups of individuals: a) those who held a memorial service for dolls, b) female individuals, and c) younger individuals, that is, individuals aged 39 and under. The third result in particular was discussed in terms of the influences of video games and the media rather than the traditional Japanese polytheistic religion of Shinto. Furthermore, participants were asked about psychological changes after they finished holding a memorial service for dolls. As a result, some people who held a memorial service for dolls felt grief and guilt, although they voluntarily parted with their dolls.

著者

北山 忍

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.153-167, 1995-03-31 (Released:2016-12-03)

被引用文献数

1

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Cultures vary considerably in the views of self that are historically constructed and tacitly shared therein. In European-American cultures there is a strong belief in the independence of self from others, giving rise to a major life task of discovering, confirming, and expressing positively valued internal attributes of the self. By contrast, many Asian cultures do not value such independence. Instead, they emphasize the interdependence of self with others. A major life task of these cultures involves forming and maintaining a social relationship of which the self is seen as its meaningful part. In turn, these cultural views of self as independent or as interdependent shape the very nature of social psychological processes that have traditionally been assumed to be cross-culturally invariant. Within this theoretical framework, cross-cultural differences in a variety of psychological processes including cognition, emotion, and motivation are reviewed and integrated. Implications are discussed for future directions of social psychology in Japan.

著者

今在 慶一朗

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.184-192, 2016-03-18 (Released:2016-03-28)

参考文献数

25

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According to a recent study (e.g., Ambrose & Schminke, 2001), politeness and accountability may be the major interpersonal factors in procedural justice. In this study, two experiments were conducted by using honorific language as a politeness factor and the amount of information that was the reason for the decision-maker’s judgment as an accountability factor. The effect of politeness was not rejected, but the effect of accountability was not observed in Experiment 1. A task that strengthens the participant’s attention to the explanation was added in Experiment 2; only the effect of the accountability factor was confirmed. As a result, it is suggested that the participants whose cognitive peripheral routes were activated perceived procedural fairness through politeness, and the participants whose cognitive central routes were activated perceived procedural fairness via accountability. In actual trials, the cognitive central route was activated when the disputant recognized personal interest, played a social role, or wanted to reveal convincing facts. Therefore, he or she probes ideal and logical objects such as the reasons for the judgments more than a judge’s polite behavior.

著者

鈴木 貴久 小林 哲郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.99-107, 2014-11-30 (Released:2015-07-24)

参考文献数

29

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This study investigated the effects of reputation-making norms on personal network size. Someone who behaved cooperatively/non-cooperatively toward a “bad” person is denoted as C to B/D to B. Reputation-making norms are then defined by a combination of the assessment of C to B and the assessment of D to B. We hypothesized that (1) those who judge C to B negatively would form smaller personal networks than those who judge C to B positively, and (2) those who judge D to B negatively would form smaller personal networks than those who judge D to B positively. We used scenarios to assess the internalized reputation-making norms as an independent variable and investigated their effects on the size of participants' support networks as a dependent variable. Results indicated that the size of the support networks of participants following a norm which does not permit C to B was smaller than that of participants following a norm which does permit C to B. These findings suggest that using reputation made by norms which do not permit spoiling narrows the size of cooperative relationships.

著者

沼崎 誠 小口 孝司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.42-49, 1990-02-20 (Released:2016-11-25)

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The present study tried to make a Japanese self-handicapping scale and examined the scale to measure the individual differences in self-handicapping behavior. Subjects were 428 university students. In Study 1, the self-handicapping scale (Jones et al., 1986) was translated into Japanese. The self-handicapping scale was analyzed, its items and structure were checked for reliability, and so on. As a result "SH23" that consists of 23 items was made "SH23" was negatively correlated with self-esteem scales as predicted. In Study 2, the predictive validity was confirmed. Also two factors that are the "can't" factor and the "wouldn't" factor which were extracted in Study 1 were contributed independently to predict self-handicapping behaviors.

著者

北梶 陽子 曽根 美幸 佐藤 浩輔 小林 翼 大沼 進

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.115-122, 2016-11-30 (Released:2016-11-30)

参考文献数

26

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This study investigated the effects of imagining others on cooperation in a one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game. There are two ways to imagine others’ perspectives: “imagining the other” or considering how the other person feels, and “imagining the self” or projecting oneself onto the other person. Participants were assigned to one of three conditions: a) the imagining-other condition, b) the imagining-self condition, and c) the control condition (thinking about a landscape). Participants played a one-shot PD game and completed the social value orientation (SVO) scale, which measures one’s cooperative tendency. Results showed that the cooperation rate was higher in the imagining-other condition, and participants in the imagining-other condition expected that the partner would cooperate and that the partner thinks they would cooperate. In contrast, in the imagining-self condition, no significant differences were observed about these variables. Furthermore, the cooperation rate increased mediated by two-way expectations in the imagining-others condition, while it was not observed in imagining-self conditions. These results show the importance of imagining others not as a reflection of self, in increasing expectation of mutual cooperation and promoting cooperation.

著者

西田 公昭

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.146-148, 1996

著者

今瀧 夢 相田 直樹 村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1708, (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

27

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The present study examined how leaders’ evaluation and judgment of members are influenced by their “implicit theories” (e.g., Dweck, 1999). Participants were asked to play the role of team leader and then observed a team member performing poorly. They were asked to decide how much reward they should distribute to the failed member and to allocate the remaining time between him/her and a new member who had not yet worked on the task. As a result, participants who believe in malleable abilities (incremental theorists) increased the evaluation of the failed member when that member claimed that he/she made an effort, whereas participants who believe in fixed abilities (entity theorists) evaluated that member based only on outcome. Furthermore, entity theorists expected a new member to achieve an average level of performance and allotted more time to him/her, whereas incremental theorists expected a new member’s performance to be below average. There was no difference between their expectations of the failed member’s next performance. Results suggest that entity theorists may be better than incremental theorists at placing the right people in the right place.

著者

清成 透子 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.100-109, 1999-12-20 (Released:2016-12-15)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between general trust and trustworthiness. According to the traditional psychological as well as economic approaches, trust has been regarded as simple reflection of trustworthiness. On the other hand, Yamagishi's (1998) "emancipation theory of trust" assigns trust significance of its own, beyond simple reflection of trustworthiness. We developed a device, which we call "game of enthronement," to measure trustful behavior independently from trustworthy behavior, and used it to compare the levels of trust and trustworthiness between American and Japanese Ss. The results show a higher level of trust among American than Japanese Ss, whereas no difference was found in the level of trustworthy behavior between the two samples, implying that trust has its own significance beyond simple reflection of trustworthiness.

著者

吉田 綾乃 浦 光博 黒川 正流

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.144-151, 2004

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In this study, the authors have paid attention to people's reactions to others' self-derogative presentation. Study 1 indicated that people have the script that a self-derogative presentation would elicit a denial response, such as "I don't think so," from the receivers. Moreover, it was also suggested that the derogator has the tendency to believe that the receiver's reaction has an effect of either maintaining or enhancing self-evaluation. Study 2 suggested that the Japanese would make self-derogative presentations, not only on the basis of interpersonal motivations, but also on the basis of self-affirmative motivations. The necessity of examining the details of the effects of self-derogation and the receivers' reactions was discussed.

著者

山岸 みどり 小杉 素子 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.33-42, 1996-08-15 (Released:2016-12-06)

被引用文献数

2

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A new method of detecting and controlling for acquiescence response biases in questionnaire studies was developed and applied to a cross-national survey data on trust collected by Yamagishi & Yamagishi (1994). Instead of including a set of balanced items or a large number of mutually unrelated questions as was common in conventional methods for assessing acquiesence, the proposed method uses multiple, mutually independent sets of items selected based on a principal component analysis. A relatively high correlation (r=.56) between two independent indices of acquiescence (obtained from two independent sets of items) suggests validity of the proposed method. No statistically significant differences in acquiescence were found between American and Japanese respondents suggesting that the results of Yamagishi & Yamagishi's results were not due to crossnational differences in acquiescence responses.

著者

宮川 裕基 谷口 淳一

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1630, (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

38

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This research explored whether self-compassion buffers people against perceived threat in the face of job rejection and enables them to invest their internal resources in job hunting again. It also examined whether intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting moderates the relation of self-compassion to the reinvestment of resources. In Study 1, a total of 153 Japanese undergraduates responded to a hypothetical scene about being rejected at a job interview for a sought-after company. Results indicated that self-compassion was negatively related to perceived threat and that the positive relation of self-compassion to resource reinvestment in job hunting was significant only among those high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward job hunting. In Study 2, a total of 50 job-hunting students recalled their own job rejections and reported on how they had coped with them. Results replicated the main findings of Study 1, indicating that self-compassionate people are less likely to overestimate threat from their rejection and that they are more likely to reinvest their internal resources in job hunting when they are high in intrinsic-improvement orientation toward it.

著者

田村 美恵

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.26-33, 2017-08-31 (Released:2017-09-05)

参考文献数

21

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The present study examined how the meta-stereotype information presented by outgroup members affects intergroup attitudes, as well as ingroup members’ perceptions of their group. Participants were given either positive or negative meta-stereotype information, which could be either consistent or inconsistent with their own self-views (ingroup stereotypes). As predicted, those provided with positive meta-stereotype information rated outgroup members favorably. Moreover, they regarded their own group more positively when the positive meta-stereotype information was inconsistent with ingroup stereotypes. On the other hand, participants presented with negative meta-stereotype information regarded the outgroup members unfavorably. This tendency was salient when the meta-stereotype information was incongruent with ingroup stereotypes. Negative meta-stereotypes information, however, did not influence the ingroup members’ perception of their own group. We discussed the impact of meta-stereotype information on intergroup relations, as well as the direction of further research.

著者

小宮 あすか 渡部 幹

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.111-117, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

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Researchers have recently shown that regret functions to lead appropriate behaviors not to repeat the same failure again. Previous studies also argued that emotions have "functions of expression" in addition to such "functions of experience," but how expressing regret functions has not been sufficiently investigated. In the present article, we first reviewed the relations across remorse, guilt, and regret, and then reexamined a hypothesis suggested by Van Kleef et al. (2006) that expressing interpersonal regret signals future behavioral change and interpersonal sensitivity, and thus facilitates the construction of relationships. Supporting our predictions, the results showed that persons who indicated interpersonal regret were more likely to be judged trustworthy and were more desired as partners than persons who did not. We discuss the functions of experiencing and expressing regret.

著者

石井 辰典

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.133-142, 2009-11-30 (Released:2017-02-20)

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This research examined the hypothesis that the strength of the linkage between self-representation and other-representation varies as a function of the significance of the other people involved in the linkage by analysis of the task facilitation paradigm (Klein et al., 1992) and analysis using an implicit effect of self-representation (Smith et al., 1999). An experiment using friends and fathers for the target persons was conducted with 51 participants. As a result, the strength of the linkage between self-with-father-representation and father-representation varied as a function of the degree of significance of the father. On the other hand, there was a strong linkage between self-with-friend-representation and friend-representation even though the degree of significance of the friend was low. It was thought that these results differ because the meaning of significance was different for father and friend. Moreover, we found a linkage between the father-representation and self-with-friend-representation. The results suggest that further examinations of the factors which determine self-other representation linkage are necessary.